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Compare Uruguay (2001) - Madagascar (2008)

Compare Uruguay (2001) z Madagascar (2008)

 Uruguay (2001)Madagascar (2008)
 UruguayMadagascar
Administrative divisions 19 departments (departamentos, singular - departamento); Artigas, Canelones, Cerro Largo, Colonia, Durazno, Flores, Florida, Lavalleja, Maldonado, Montevideo, Paysandu, Rio Negro, Rivera, Rocha, Salto, San Jose, Soriano, Tacuarembo, Treinta y Tres 6 provinces (faritany); Antananarivo, Antsiranana, Fianarantsoa, Mahajanga, Toamasina, Toliara
Age structure 0-14 years:
24.39% (male 419,932; female 399,605)

15-64 years:
62.61% (male 1,038,785; female 1,064,891)

65 years and over:
13% (male 180,130; female 256,762) (2001 est.)
0-14 years: 43.9% (male 4,297,985/female 4,243,369)


15-64 years: 53% (male 5,117,874/female 5,190,032)


65 years and over: 3.1% (male 270,411/female 329,144) (2007 est.)
Agriculture - products wheat, rice, barley, corn, sorghum; livestock; fish coffee, vanilla, sugarcane, cloves, cocoa, rice, cassava (tapioca), beans, bananas, peanuts; livestock products
Airports 64 (2000 est.) 104 (2007)
Airports - with paved runways total:
15

2,438 to 3,047 m:
1

1,524 to 2,437 m:
5

914 to 1,523 m:
8

under 914 m:
1 (2000 est.)
total: 27


over 3,047 m: 1


2,438 to 3,047 m: 2


1,524 to 2,437 m: 6


914 to 1,523 m: 17


under 914 m: 1 (2007)
Airports - with unpaved runways total:
49

1,524 to 2,437 m:
2

914 to 1,523 m:
16

under 914 m:
31 (2000 est.)
total: 77


1,524 to 2,437 m: 2


914 to 1,523 m: 41


under 914 m: 34 (2007)
Area total:
176,220 sq km

land:
173,620 sq km

water:
2,600 sq km
total: 587,040 sq km


land: 581,540 sq km


water: 5,500 sq km
Area - comparative slightly smaller than the state of Washington slightly less than twice the size of Arizona
Background A violent Marxist urban guerrilla movement, the Tupamaros, launched in the late 1960s, led Uruguay's president to agree to military control of his administration in 1973. By the end of the year the rebels had been crushed, but the military continued to expand its hold throughout the government. Civilian rule was not restored until 1985. Uruguay's political and labor conditions are among the freest on the continent. Formerly an independent kingdom, Madagascar became a French colony in 1896, but regained its independence in 1960. During 1992-93, free presidential and National Assembly elections were held, ending 17 years of single-party rule. In 1997, in the second presidential race, Didier RATSIRAKA, the leader during the 1970s and 1980s, was returned to the presidency. The 2001 presidential election was contested between the followers of Didier RATSIRAKA and Marc RAVALOMANANA, nearly causing secession of half of the country. In April 2002, the High Constitutional Court announced RAVALOMANANA the winner. RAVALOMANANA is now in his second term following a landslide victory in the generally free and fair presidential elections of 2006.
Birth rate 17.36 births/1,000 population (2001 est.) 38.6 births/1,000 population (2007 est.)
Budget revenues:
$4 billion

expenditures:
$4.6 billion, including capital expenditures of $500 million (2000 est.)
revenues: $1.22 billion


expenditures: $1.555 billion (2007 est.)
Capital Montevideo name: Antananarivo


geographic coordinates: 18 55 S, 47 31 E


time difference: UTC+3 (8 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)
Climate warm temperate; freezing temperatures almost unknown tropical along coast, temperate inland, arid in south
Coastline 660 km 4,828 km
Constitution 27 November 1966, effective February 1967, suspended 27 June 1973, new constitution rejected by referendum 30 November 1980; two constitutional reforms approved by plebiscite 26 November 1989 and 7 January 1997 19 August 1992 by national referendum
Country name conventional long form:
Oriental Republic of Uruguay

conventional short form:
Uruguay

local long form:
Republica Oriental del Uruguay

local short form:
Uruguay

former:
Banda Oriental, Cisplatine Province
conventional long form: Republic of Madagascar


conventional short form: Madagascar


local long form: Republique de Madagascar/Repoblikan'i Madagasikara


local short form: Madagascar/Madagasikara


former: Malagasy Republic
Currency Uruguayan peso (UYU) -
Death rate 9.03 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.) 8.51 deaths/1,000 population (2007 est.)
Debt - external $8 billion (2000 est.) $4.6 billion (2002)
Diplomatic representation from the US chief of mission:
Ambassador Christopher C. ASHBY

embassy:
Lauro Muller 1776, Montevideo 11100

mailing address:
APO AA 34035

telephone:
[598] (2) 408-777, 203-6061

FAX:
[598] (2) 48 86 11
chief of mission: Ambassador R. Niels MARQUARDT


embassy: 14-16 Rue Rainitovo, Antsahavola, Antananarivo 101


mailing address: B. P. 620, Antsahavola, Antananarivo


telephone: [261] (20) 22-212-57, 22-212-73, 22-209-56


FAX: [261] (20) 22-345-39
Diplomatic representation in the US chief of mission:
Ambassador Hugo FERNANDEZ Faingold

chancery:
2715 M Street, NW, Washington, DC 20007

telephone:
[1] (202) 331-1313 through 1316

FAX:
[1] (202) 331-8142

consulate(s) general:
Chicago, Los Angeles, Miami, and New York
chief of mission: Ambassador Jocelyn Bertin RADIFERA


chancery: 2374 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008


telephone: [1] (202) 265-5525, 5526


FAX: [1] (202) 265-3034


consulate(s) general: New York
Disputes - international none claims Bassas da India, Europa Island, Glorioso Islands, and Juan de Nova Island (all administered by France)
Economic aid - recipient $NA $929.2 million (2005)
Economy - overview Uruguay's economy is characterized by an export-oriented agricultural sector, a well-educated workforce, relatively even income distribution, and high levels of social spending. After averaging growth of 5% annually in 1996-98, in 1999-2000 the economy suffered from lower demand in Argentina and Brazil, which together account for about half of Uruguay's exports. Despite the severity of the trade shocks, Uruguay's financial indicators remained more stable than those of its neighbors, a reflection of its solid reputation among investors and its investment-grade sovereign bond rating - one of only two in Latin America. Challenges for the government of President Jorge BATLLE include expanding Uruguay's trade ties beyond its MERCOSUR trade partners and reducing the costs of public services. GDP fell by 1.1% in 2000 and will grow by perhaps 1.5% in 2001. Having discarded past socialist economic policies, Madagascar has since the mid 1990s followed a World Bank- and IMF-led policy of privatization and liberalization. This strategy placed the country on a slow and steady growth path from an extremely low level. Agriculture, including fishing and forestry, is a mainstay of the economy, accounting for more than one-fourth of GDP and employing 80% of the population. Exports of apparel have boomed in recent years primarily due to duty-free access to the US. Deforestation and erosion, aggravated by the use of firewood as the primary source of fuel, are serious concerns. President RAVALOMANANA has worked aggressively to revive the economy following the 2002 political crisis, which triggered a 12% drop in GDP that year. Poverty reduction and combating corruption will be the centerpieces of economic policy for the next few years.
Electricity - consumption 5.89 billion kWh (1999) 973.2 million kWh (2005)
Electricity - exports 215 million kWh (1999) 0 kWh (2005)
Electricity - imports 800 million kWh (1999) 0 kWh (2005)
Electricity - production 5.704 billion kWh (1999) 1.046 billion kWh (2005)
Electricity - production by source fossil fuel:
3.86%

hydro:
95.44%

nuclear:
0%

other:
0.7% (1999)
-
Elevation extremes lowest point:
Atlantic Ocean 0 m

highest point:
Cerro Catedral 514 m
lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m


highest point: Maromokotro 2,876 m
Environment - current issues water pollution from meat packing/tannery industry; inadequate solid/hazardous waste disposal soil erosion results from deforestation and overgrazing; desertification; surface water contaminated with raw sewage and other organic wastes; several endangered species of flora and fauna unique to the island
Environment - international agreements party to:
Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands

signed, but not ratified:
Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands


signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Ethnic groups white 88%, mestizo 8%, black 4%, Amerindian, practically nonexistent Malayo-Indonesian (Merina and related Betsileo), Cotiers (mixed African, Malayo-Indonesian, and Arab ancestry - Betsimisaraka, Tsimihety, Antaisaka, Sakalava), French, Indian, Creole, Comoran
Exchange rates Uruguayan pesos per US dollar - 12.5610 (January 2001), 12.0996 (2000), 11.3393 (1999), 10.4719 (1998), 9.4418 (1997), 7.9718 (1996) Malagasy ariary per US dollar - 1,880 (2007), 2,161.4 (2006), 2,003 (2005), 1,868.9 (2004), 1,238.3 (2003)
Executive branch chief of state:
President Jorge BATLLE (since 1 March 2000) and Vice President Luis HIERRO (since 1 March 2000); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government

head of government:
President Jorge BATLLE (since 1 March 2000) and Vice President Luis HIERRO (since 1 March 2000); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government

cabinet:
Council of Ministers appointed by the president with parliamentary approval

elections:
president and vice president elected on the same ticket by popular vote for five-year terms; election last held 31 October 1999 with run-off election on 28 November 1999 (next to be held NA 2004)

election results:
Jorge BATLLE elected president; percent of vote - Jorge BATLLE 52% in a runoff against Tabare VAZQUEZ 44%
chief of state: President Marc RAVALOMANANA (since 6 May 2002)


head of government: Prime Minister Charles RABEMANANJARA (25 January 2007)


cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the prime minister


elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held 3 December 2006 (next to be held in December 2011); prime minister appointed by the president


election results: percent of vote - Marc RAVALOMANANA 54.8%, Jean LAHINIRIKO 11.7%, Roland RATSIRAKA 10.1%, Herizo RAZAFIMAHALEO 9.1%, Norbert RATSIRAHONANA 4.2%, Ny Hasina ANDRIAMANJATO 4.2%, Elia RAVELOMANANTSOA 2.6%, Pety RAKOTONIAINA 1.7%, other 1.6%
Exports $2.6 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.) 363.9 bbl/day (2004)
Exports - commodities meat, rice, leather products, vehicles, dairy products, wool, electricity coffee, vanilla, shellfish, sugar, cotton cloth, chromite, petroleum products
Exports - partners MERCOSUR partners 45%, EU 20%, US 7% (1999 est.) France 32.1%, US 25.3%, Germany 6.1%, Italy 5%, UK 4.1% (2006)
Fiscal year calendar year calendar year
Flag description nine equal horizontal stripes of white (top and bottom) alternating with blue; there is a white square in the upper hoist-side corner with a yellow sun bearing a human face known as the Sun of May and 16 rays alternately triangular and wavy two equal horizontal bands of red (top) and green with a vertical white band of the same width on hoist side
GDP purchasing power parity - $31 billion (2000 est.) -
GDP - composition by sector agriculture:
10%

industry:
28%

services:
62% (1999)
agriculture: 27.3%


industry: 15.8%


services: 56.8% (2007 est.)
GDP - per capita purchasing power parity - $9,300 (2000 est.) -
GDP - real growth rate -1.1% (2000 est.) 6.3% (2007 est.)
Geographic coordinates 33 00 S, 56 00 W 20 00 S, 47 00 E
Geography - note - world's fourth-largest island; strategic location along Mozambique Channel
Highways total:
8,983 km

paved:
8,085 km

unpaved:
898 km (1999)
-
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%:
NA%

highest 10%:
NA%
lowest 10%: 1.9%


highest 10%: 36.6% (2001)
Illicit drugs - illicit producer of cannabis (cultivated and wild varieties) used mostly for domestic consumption; transshipment point for heroin
Imports $3.4 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.) 17,830 bbl/day (2004)
Imports - commodities road vehicles, electrical machinery, metal manufactures, heavy industrial machinery, crude petroleum capital goods, petroleum, consumer goods, food
Imports - partners MERCOSUR partners 43%, EU 20%, US 11% (1999 est.) France 14.5%, China 12%, Iran 9.3%, Mauritius 5.6%, Hong Kong 4.7% (2006)
Independence 25 August 1825 (from Brazil) 26 June 1960 (from France)
Industrial production growth rate -2.1% (2000 est.) 6% (2007 est.)
Industries food processing, electrical machinery, transportation equipment, petroleum products, textiles, chemicals, beverages meat processing, seafood, soap, breweries, tanneries, sugar, textiles, glassware, cement, automobile assembly plant, paper, petroleum, tourism
Infant mortality rate 14.7 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.) total: 57.02 deaths/1,000 live births


male: 62.09 deaths/1,000 live births


female: 51.8 deaths/1,000 live births (2007 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 4.8% (2000 est.) 10% (2007 est.)
International organization participation CCC, ECLAC, FAO, G-11, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICRM, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, LAES, LAIA, Mercosur, MINURSO, MONUC, NAM (observer), OAS, OPANAL, OPCW, PCA, RG, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNIKOM, UNMEE, UNMOGIP, UNMOT, UNOMIG, UNTAET, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO ACCT, ACP, AfDB, AU, COMESA, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt (signatory), ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, InOC, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, ITUC, MIGA, NAM, OIF, OPCW, SADC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCL, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) 7 (2000) -
Irrigated land 7,700 sq km (1997 est.) 10,860 sq km (2003)
Judicial branch Supreme Court (judges are nominated by the president and elected for 10-year terms by the General Assembly) Supreme Court or Cour Supreme; High Constitutional Court or Haute Cour Constitutionnelle
Labor force 1.5 million (1999 est.) 7.3 million (2000)
Labor force - by occupation agriculture NA%, industry NA%, services NA% -
Land boundaries total:
1,564 km

border countries:
Argentina 579 km, Brazil 985 km
0 km
Land use arable land:
7%

permanent crops:
0%

permanent pastures:
77%

forests and woodland:
6%

other:
10% (1997 est.)
arable land: 5.03%


permanent crops: 1.02%


other: 93.95% (2005)
Languages Spanish, Portunol, or Brazilero (Portuguese-Spanish mix on the Brazilian frontier) English (official), French (official), Malagasy (official)
Legal system based on Spanish civil law system; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction based on French civil law system and traditional Malagasy law; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations
Legislative branch bicameral General Assembly or Asamblea General consists of Chamber of Senators or Camara de Senadores (30 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms) and Chamber of Representatives or Camara de Representantes (99 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)

elections:
Chamber of Senators - last held 31 October 1999 (next to be held NA 2004); Chamber of Representatives - last held 31 October 1999 (next to be held NA 2004)

election results:
Chamber of Senators - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - Encuentro Progresista 12, Colorado Party 10, Blanco 7, New Sector/Space Coalition 1; Chamber of Representatives - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - Encuentro Progresista 40, Colorado Party 33, Blanco 22, New Sector/Space Coalition 4
bicameral legislature consists of a National Assembly or Assemblee Nationale (127 seats - reduced from 160 seats by an April 2007 national referendum; members are elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms) and a Senate or Senat (100 seats; two-thirds of the seats filled by regional assemblies; the remaining one-third of seats appointed by the president; to serve four-year terms)


elections: National Assembly - last held 23 September 2007 (next to be held in 2011)


election results: National Assembly - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - TIM 106, LEADER/Fanilo 1, independents 20
Life expectancy at birth total population:
75.44 years

male:
72.11 years

female:
78.96 years (2001 est.)
total population: 62.14 years


male: 60.23 years


female: 64.1 years (2007 est.)
Literacy definition:
age 15 and over can read and write

total population:
97.3%

male:
96.9%

female:
97.7% (1995 est.)
definition: age 15 and over can read and write


total population: 68.9%


male: 75.5%


female: 62.5% (2003 est.)
Location Southern South America, bordering the South Atlantic Ocean, between Argentina and Brazil Southern Africa, island in the Indian Ocean, east of Mozambique
Map references South America Africa
Maritime claims contiguous zone:
24 NM

continental shelf:
200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation

exclusive economic zone:
200 NM

territorial sea:
12 NM
territorial sea: 12 nm


contiguous zone: 24 nm


exclusive economic zone: 200 nm


continental shelf: 200 nm or 100 nm from the 2,500-m deep isobath
Merchant marine total:
2 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 7,752 GRT/5,228 DWT

ships by type:
petroleum tanker 1, roll on/roll off 1 (2000 est.)
total: 9 ships (1000 GRT or over) 13,896 GRT/18,466 DWT


by type: cargo 5, passenger/cargo 2, petroleum tanker 2 (2007)
Military branches Army, Navy (includes Naval Air Arm, Coast Guard, Marines), Air Force, Police (Coracero Guard, Grenadier Guard) People's Armed Forces: Intervention Force, Development Force, and Aeronaval Force (navy and air); National Gendarmerie
Military expenditures - dollar figure $172 million (FY98) -
Military expenditures - percent of GDP 0.9% (FY98) 1% (2006)
Military manpower - availability males age 15-49:
817,535 (2001 est.)
-
Military manpower - fit for military service males age 15-49:
661,777 (2001 est.)
-
National holiday Independence Day, 25 August (1825) Independence Day, 26 June (1960)
Nationality noun:
Uruguayan(s)

adjective:
Uruguayan
noun: Malagasy (singular and plural)


adjective: Malagasy
Natural hazards seasonally high winds (the pampero is a chilly and occasional violent wind which blows north from the Argentine pampas), droughts, floods; because of the absence of mountains, which act as weather barriers, all locations are particularly vulnerable to rapid changes in weather fronts periodic cyclones, drought, and locust infestation
Natural resources arable land, hydropower, minor minerals, fisheries graphite, chromite, coal, bauxite, salt, quartz, tar sands, semiprecious stones, mica, fish, hydropower
Net migration rate -0.51 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.) 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2007 est.)
Political parties and leaders Colorado Party [Jorge BATLLE]; National Party or Blanco [Alberto VOLONTE]; New Sector/Space Coalition or Nuevo Espacio [Rafael MICHELINI]; Progressive Encounter in the Broad Front or Encuentro Progresista [Tabare VAZQUEZ] Association for the Rebirth of Madagascar or AREMA [Pierrot RAJAONARIVELO]; Democratic Party for Union in Madagascar or PSDUM [Jean LAHINIRIKO]; Economic Liberalism and Democratic Action for National Recovery or LEADER/Fanilo [Herizo RAZAFIMAHALEO]; Fihaonana Party or FP [Guy-Willy RAZANAMASY]; I Love Madagascar or TIM [Marc RAVALOMANANA]; Renewal of the Social Democratic Party or RPSD [Evariste MARSON]
Political pressure groups and leaders NA Committee for the Defense of Truth and Justice or KMMR; Committee for National Reconciliation or CRN [Albert Zafy]; National Council of Christian Churches or FFKM
Population 3,360,105 (July 2001 est.) 19,448,815 (July 2007 est.)
Population below poverty line NA% 50% (2004 est.)
Population growth rate 0.78% (2001 est.) 3.008% (2007 est.)
Ports and harbors Fray Bentos, Montevideo, Nueva Palmira, Paysandu, Punta del Este, Colonia, Piriapolis -
Radio broadcast stations AM 94, FM 115, shortwave 14 (seven are inactive) (1998) AM 2 (plus a number of repeater stations), FM 9, shortwave 6 (2001)
Radios 1.97 million (1997) -
Railways total:
2,073 km

standard gauge:
2,073 km 1.435-m gauge (2000)
total: 854 km


narrow gauge: 854 km 1.000-m gauge (2006)
Religions Roman Catholic 66% (less than one-half of the adult population attends church regularly), Protestant 2%, Jewish 1%, nonprofessing or other 31% indigenous beliefs 52%, Christian 41%, Muslim 7%
Sex ratio at birth:
1.06 male(s)/female

under 15 years:
1.05 male(s)/female

15-64 years:
0.98 male(s)/female

65 years and over:
0.7 male(s)/female

total population:
0.95 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.013 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 0.986 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.822 male(s)/female


total population: 0.992 male(s)/female (2007 est.)
Suffrage 18 years of age; universal and compulsory 18 years of age; universal
Telephone system general assessment:
some modern facilities

domestic:
most modern facilities concentrated in Montevideo; new nationwide microwave radio relay network

international:
satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)
general assessment: system is above average for the region; Antananarivo's main telephone exchange modernized, but the rest of the analogue-based telephone system is poorly developed; planning to add 50,000 new private-subscriber fixed lines beginning in 2005


domestic: combined fixed-line and mobile telephone density only about 7 per 100 persons


international: country code - 261; submarine cable to Bahrain; satellite earth stations - 1 Intelsat (Indian Ocean), 1 Intersputnik (Atlantic Ocean region)
Telephones - main lines in use 850,000 (2000) 129,800 (2006)
Telephones - mobile cellular 300,000 (2000) 1.046 million (2006)
Television broadcast stations 26 (plus ten low-power repeaters for the Montevideo station) (1997) 1 (plus 36 repeaters) (2001)
Terrain mostly rolling plains and low hills; fertile coastal lowland narrow coastal plain, high plateau and mountains in center
Total fertility rate 2.36 children born/woman (2001 est.) 5.24 children born/woman (2007 est.)
Unemployment rate 14% (2000 est.) -
Waterways 1,600 km ( used by coastal and shallow-draft river craft) 600 km (2006)
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