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Compare Tokelau (2003) - Canada (2001)
Compare Tokelau (2003) z Canada (2001)
| Tokelau (2003) | Canada (2001) | |
 |  | |
| Administrative divisions | none (territory of New Zealand) | 10 provinces and 3 territories*; Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, New Brunswick, Newfoundland, Northwest Territories*, Nova Scotia, Nunavut*, Ontario, Prince Edward Island, Quebec, Saskatchewan, Yukon Territory* |
| Age structure | 0-14 years: 42%
15-64 years: 53% 65 years and over: 5% (2003 est.) |
0-14 years:
18.95% (male 3,067,102; female 2,918,839) 15-64 years: 68.28% (male 10,846,151; female 10,725,800) 65 years and over: 12.77% (male 1,715,071; female 2,319,842) (2001 est.) |
| Agriculture - products | coconuts, copra, breadfruit, papayas, bananas; pigs, poultry, goats | wheat, barley, oilseed, tobacco, fruits, vegetables; dairy products; forest products; fish |
| Airports | none; lagoon landings are possible by amphibious aircraft (2002) | 1,417 (2000 est.) |
| Airports - with paved runways | - | total:
517 over 3,047 m: 18 2,438 to 3,047 m: 15 1,524 to 2,437 m: 151 914 to 1,523 m: 244 under 914 m: 89 (2000 est.) |
| Airports - with unpaved runways | - | total:
900 1,524 to 2,437 m: 74 914 to 1,523 m: 362 under 914 m: 464 (2000 est.) |
| Area | total: 10 sq km
land: 10 sq km water: 0 sq km |
total:
9,976,140 sq km land: 9,220,970 sq km water: 755,170 sq km |
| Area - comparative | about 17 times the size of The Mall in Washington, DC | slightly larger than the US |
| Background | Originally settled by Polynesian emigrants from surrounding island groups, the Tokelau Islands were made a British protectorate in 1889. They were transferred to New Zealand administration in 1925. | A land of vast distances and rich natural resources, Canada became a self-governing dominion in 1867 while retaining ties to the British crown. Economically and technologically the nation has developed in parallel with the US, its neighbor to the south across an unfortified border. Its paramount political problem continues to be the relationship of the province of Quebec, with its French-speaking residents and unique culture, to the remainder of the country. |
| Birth rate | NA births/1,000 population (2003 est.) | 11.21 births/1,000 population (2001 est.) |
| Budget | revenues: $430,830
expenditures: $2.8 million, including capital expenditures of $37,300 (1987 est.) |
revenues:
$126.1 billion expenditures: $125.3 billion, including capital expenditures of $14.8 billion (2000) |
| Capital | none; each atoll has its own administrative center | Ottawa |
| Climate | tropical; moderated by trade winds (April to November) | varies from temperate in south to subarctic and arctic in north |
| Coastline | 101 km | 243,791 km |
| Constitution | administered under the Tokelau Islands Act of 1948, as amended in 1970 | 17 April 1982 (Constitution Act); originally, the machinery of the government was set up in the British North America Act of 1867; charter of rights and unwritten customs |
| Country name | conventional long form: none
conventional short form: Tokelau |
conventional long form:
none conventional short form: Canada |
| Currency | New Zealand dollar (NZD) | Canadian dollar (CAD) |
| Death rate | NA deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.) | 7.47 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.) |
| Debt - external | $0 | $1.9 billion (2000) |
| Dependency status | self-administering territory of New Zealand; note - Tokelauans are drafting a constitution and developing institutions and patterns of self-government as Tokelau moves toward free association with New Zealand | - |
| Diplomatic representation from the US | none (territory of New Zealand) | chief of mission:
Ambassador Gordon D. GIFFIN embassy: 490 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 1G8 mailing address: P. O. Box 5000, Ogdensburg, NY 13669-0430 telephone: [1] (613) 238-5335, 4470 FAX: [1] (613) 238-5720 consulate(s) general: Calgary, Halifax, Montreal, Quebec, Toronto, and Vancouver |
| Diplomatic representation in the US | none (territory of New Zealand) | chief of mission:
Ambassador Michael KERGIN chancery: 501 Pennsylvania Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20001 telephone: [1] (202) 682-1740 FAX: [1] (202) 682-7726 consulate(s) general: Atlanta, Boston, Buffalo, Chicago, Dallas, Detroit, Los Angeles, Minneapolis, New York, and Seattle consulate(s): Miami, Princeton, San Francisco, and San Jose |
| Disputes - international | none | maritime boundary disputes with the US (Dixon Entrance, Beaufort Sea, Strait of Juan de Fuca, Machias Seal Island) |
| Economic aid - donor | - | ODA, $1.3 billion (1999) |
| Economic aid - recipient | from New Zealand about $4 million annually | - |
| Economy - overview | Tokelau's small size (three villages), isolation, and lack of resources greatly restrain economic development and confine agriculture to the subsistence level. The people rely heavily on aid from New Zealand - about $4 million annually - to maintain public services, with annual aid being substantially greater than GDP. The principal sources of revenue come from sales of copra, postage stamps, souvenir coins, and handicrafts. Money is also remitted to families from relatives in New Zealand. | As an affluent, high-tech industrial society, Canada today closely resembles the US in its market-oriented economic system, pattern of production, and high living standards. Since World War II, the impressive growth of the manufacturing, mining, and service sectors has transformed the nation from a largely rural economy into one primarily industrial and urban. Real rates of growth have averaged nearly 3.0% since 1993. Unemployment is falling and government budget surpluses are being partially devoted to reducing the large public sector debt. The 1989 US-Canada Free Trade Agreement (FTA) and 1994 North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) (which included Mexico) have touched off a dramatic increase in trade and economic integration with the US. With its great natural resources, skilled labor force, and modern capital plant Canada enjoys solid economic prospects. Two shadows loom, the first being the continuing constitutional impasse between English- and French-speaking areas, which has been raising the possibility of a split in the federation. Another long-term concern is the flow south to the US of professional persons lured by higher pay, lower taxes, and the immense high-tech infrastructure. |
| Electricity - consumption | NA kWh | 497.532 billion kWh (1999) |
| Electricity - exports | - | 42.911 billion kWh (1999) |
| Electricity - imports | - | 12.953 billion kWh (1999) |
| Electricity - production | NA kWh | 567.193 billion kWh (1999) |
| Electricity - production by source | fossil fuel: 100%
hydro: 0% nuclear: 0% other: 0% (2001) |
fossil fuel:
26.38% hydro: 60% nuclear: 12.31% other: 1.31% (1999) |
| Elevation extremes | lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m
highest point: unnamed location 5 m |
lowest point:
Atlantic Ocean 0 m highest point: Mount Logan 5,959 m |
| Environment - current issues | very limited natural resources and overcrowding are contributing to emigration to New Zealand | air pollution and resulting acid rain severely affecting lakes and damaging forests; metal smelting, coal-burning utilities, and vehicle emissions impacting on agricultural and forest productivity; ocean waters becoming contaminated due to agricultural, industrial, mining, and forestry activities |
| Environment - international agreements | - | party to:
Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulphur 85, Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Seals, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation |
| Ethnic groups | Polynesian | British Isles origin 28%, French origin 23%, other European 15%, Amerindian 2%, other, mostly Asian, African, Arab 6%, mixed background 26% |
| Exchange rates | New Zealand dollars per US dollar - 2.154 (2002), 2.3776 (2001), 2.1863 (2000), 1.8886 (1999), 1.8632 (1998), 1.5083 (1997) | Canadian dollars per US dollar - 1.5032 (January 2001), 1.4851 (2000), 1.4857 (1999), 1.4835 (1998), 1.3846 (1997), 1.3635 (1996) |
| Executive branch | chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); the UK and New Zealand are represented by Administrator Lindsay WATT (since NA March 1993)
head of government: Aliki Faipule Pio TUIA (since NA 2002) cabinet: the Council of Faipule, consisting of three elected leaders - one from each atoll - functions as a cabinet elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; administrator appointed by the Minister of Foreign Affairs and Trade in New Zealand; the head of government is chosen from the Council of Faipule and serves a one-year term |
chief of state:
Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by Governor General Adrienne CLARKSON (since 7 October 1999) head of government: Prime Minister Jean CHRETIEN (since 4 November 1993) cabinet: Federal Ministry chosen by the prime minister from among the members of his own party sitting in Parliament elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; governor general appointed by the monarch on the advice of the prime minister for a five-year term; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party in the House of Commons is automatically designated by the governor general to become prime minister |
| Exports | $98,000 f.o.b. (1983) | $272.3 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.) |
| Exports - commodities | stamps, copra, handicrafts | motor vehicles and parts, newsprint, wood pulp, timber, crude petroleum, machinery, natural gas, aluminum, telecommunications equipment, electricity |
| Exports - partners | NZ (2000) | US 86%, Japan 3%, UK, Germany, South Korea, Netherlands, China (1999) |
| Fiscal year | 1 April - 31 March | 1 April - 31 March |
| Flag description | the flag of New Zealand is used | three vertical bands of red (hoist side), white (double width, square), and red with a red maple leaf centered in the white band |
| GDP | purchasing power parity - $1.5 million (1993 est.) | purchasing power parity - $774.7 billion (2000 est.) |
| GDP - composition by sector | agriculture: NA%
industry: NA% services: NA% |
agriculture:
3% industry: 31% services: 66% (2000 est.) |
| GDP - per capita | purchasing power parity - $1,000 (1993 est.) | purchasing power parity - $24,800 (2000 est.) |
| GDP - real growth rate | NA% | 4.3% (2000 est.) |
| Geographic coordinates | 9 00 S, 172 00 W | 60 00 N, 95 00 W |
| Geography - note | consists of three atolls, each with a lagoon surrounded by a number of reef-bound islets of varying length and rising to over three meters above sea level | second-largest country in world (after Russia); strategic location between Russia and US via north polar route; approximately 85% of the population is concentrated within 300 km of the US/Canada border |
| Heliports | - | 18 (2000 est.) |
| Highways | total: NA km
paved: NA km unpaved: NA km |
total:
901,902 km paved: 318,371 km (including 16,571 km of expressways) unpaved: 583,531 km (1999) |
| Household income or consumption by percentage share | lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA% |
lowest 10%:
2.8% highest 10%: 23.8% (1994) |
| Illicit drugs | - | illicit producer of cannabis for the domestic drug market; use of hydroponics technology permits growers to plant large quantities of high-quality marijuana indoors; transit point for heroin and cocaine entering the US market |
| Imports | $323,000 c.i.f. (1983) | $238.2 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.) |
| Imports - commodities | foodstuffs, building materials, fuel | machinery and equipment, crude oil, chemicals, motor vehicles and parts, durable consumer goods, electricity |
| Imports - partners | NZ (2000) | US 76%, Japan 3%, UK, Germany, France, Mexico, Taiwan, South Korea (1999) |
| Independence | none (territory of New Zealand) | 1 July 1867 (from UK) |
| Industrial production growth rate | NA% | 4.5% (2000 est.) |
| Industries | small-scale enterprises for copra production, woodworking, plaited craft goods; stamps, coins; fishing | processed and unprocessed minerals, food products, wood and paper products, transportation equipment, chemicals, fish products, petroleum and natural gas |
| Infant mortality rate | total: NA%
male: NA% female: NA% |
5.02 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.) |
| Inflation rate (consumer prices) | NA% | 2.6% (2000) |
| International organization participation | SPC, UNESCO (associate), WHO (associate) | ABEDA, ACCT, AfDB, APEC, ARF (dialogue partner), AsDB, ASEAN (dialogue partner), Australia Group, BIS, C, CCC, CDB (non-regional), CE (observer), EAPC, EBRD, ECE, ECLAC, ESA (cooperating state), FAO, G- 7, G-10, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Inmarsat, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, MINURCA, MIPONUH, MONUC, NAM (guest), NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS, OECD, OPCW, OSCE, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNDOF, UNESCO, UNFICYP, UNHCR, UNIKOM, UNMEE, UNMIBH, UNMIK, UNMOP, UNTAET, UNTSO, UNU, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO, ZC |
| Internet Service Providers (ISPs) | 1 (2000) | 760 (2000 est.) |
| Irrigated land | NA sq km | 7,100 sq km (1993 est.) |
| Judicial branch | Supreme Court in New Zealand exercises civil and criminal jurisdiction in Tokelau | Supreme Court of Canada (judges are appointed by the prime minister through the governor general); Federal Court of Canada; Federal Court of Appeal; Provincial Courts (these are named variously Court of Appeal, Court of Queens Bench, Superior Court, Supreme Court, and Court of Justice) |
| Labor force | NA | 16.1 million (2000) |
| Labor force - by occupation | - | services 74%, manufacturing 15%, construction 5%, agriculture 3%, other 3% (2000) |
| Land boundaries | 0 km | total:
8,893 km border countries: US 8,893 km (includes 2,477 km with Alaska) |
| Land use | arable land: 0% (soil is thin and infertile)
permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (1998 est.) |
arable land:
5% permanent crops: 0% permanent pastures: 3% forests and woodland: 54% other: 38% (1993 est.) |
| Languages | Tokelauan (a Polynesian language), English | English 59.3% (official), French 23.2% (official), other 17.5% |
| Legal system | New Zealand and local statutes | based on English common law, except in Quebec, where civil law system based on French law prevails; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations |
| Legislative branch | unicameral General Fono (48 seats; members chosen by each atoll's Council of Elders or Taupulega to serve three-year terms); note - the Tokelau Amendment Act of 1996 confers limited legislative power on the General Fono | bicameral Parliament or Parlement consists of the Senate or Senat (a body whose members are appointed to serve until reaching 75 years of age by the governor general and selected on the advice of the prime minister; its normal limit is 104 senators) and the House of Commons or Chambre des Communes (301 seats; members elected by direct popular vote to serve five-year terms)
elections: House of Commons - last held 27 November 2000 (next to be held 2005) election results: percent of vote by party as of January 2001 - Liberal Party 42%, Canadian Alliance 22%, Bloc Quebecois 13%, New Democratic Party 4%, Progressive Conservative Party 4%; seats by party as of January 2001 - Liberal Party 172, Canadian Alliance 66, Bloc Quebecois 38, New Democratic Party 13, Progressive Conservative Party 12 |
| Life expectancy at birth | total population: NA years
male: 68 years female: 70 years (2003 est.) |
total population:
79.56 years male: 76.16 years female: 83.13 years (2001 est.) |
| Literacy | NA | definition:
age 15 and over can read and write total population: 97% (1986 est.) male: NA% female: NA% |
| Location | Oceania, group of three atolls in the South Pacific Ocean, about one-half of the way from Hawaii to New Zealand | Northern North America, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean and North Pacific Ocean, north of the conterminous US |
| Map references | Oceania | North America |
| Maritime claims | exclusive economic zone: 200 NM
territorial sea: 12 NM |
contiguous zone:
24 NM continental shelf: 200 NM or to the edge of the continental margin exclusive economic zone: 200 NM territorial sea: 12 NM |
| Merchant marine | none (2002 est.) | total:
121 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 1,767,259 GRT/2,633,290 DWT ships by type: barge carrier 1, bulk 67, cargo 13, chemical tanker 5, combination bulk 1, passenger 3, passenger/cargo 1, petroleum tanker 17, railcar carrier 2, roll on/roll off 7, short-sea passenger 3, specialized tanker 1 (2000 est.) |
| Military - note | defense is the responsibility of New Zealand | - |
| Military branches | - | Canadian Forces (includes Land Forces Command or LC, Maritime Command or MC, Air Command or AC, Communications Command or CC, Training Command or TC), Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) |
| Military expenditures - dollar figure | - | $7.5 billion (FY00/01) |
| Military expenditures - percent of GDP | - | 1.3% (FY00/01) |
| Military manpower - availability | - | males age 15-49:
8,325,084 (2001 est.) |
| Military manpower - fit for military service | - | males age 15-49:
7,114,851 (2001 est.) |
| Military manpower - military age | - | 17 years of age |
| Military manpower - reaching military age annually | - | males:
215,627 (2001 est.) |
| National holiday | Waitangi Day (Treaty of Waitangi established British sovereignty over New Zealand), 6 February (1840) | Independence Day/Canada Day, 1 July (1867) |
| Nationality | noun: Tokelauan(s)
adjective: Tokelauan |
noun:
Canadian(s) adjective: Canadian |
| Natural hazards | lies in Pacific typhoon belt | continuous permafrost in north is a serious obstacle to development; cyclonic storms form east of the Rocky Mountains, a result of the mixing of air masses from the Arctic, Pacific, and North American interior, and produce most of the country's rain and snow |
| Natural resources | NEGL | iron ore, nickel, zinc, copper, gold, lead, molybdenum, potash, silver, fish, timber, wildlife, coal, petroleum, natural gas, hydropower |
| Net migration rate | NA migrant(s)/1,000 population (2003 est.) | 6.13 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.) |
| Pipelines | - | crude and refined oil 23,564 km; natural gas 74,980 km |
| Political parties and leaders | none | Bloc Quebecois [Gilles DUCEPPE]; Canadian Alliance [Stockwell DAY]; Liberal Party [Jean CHRETIEN]; New Democratic Party [Alexa MCDONOUGH]; Progressive Conservative Party [Joe CLARK] |
| Political pressure groups and leaders | none | NA |
| Population | 1,418 (July 2003 est.) | 31,592,805 (July 2001 est.) |
| Population below poverty line | NA% | NA% |
| Population growth rate | 0.01% (2003 est.) | 0.99% (2001 est.) |
| Ports and harbors | none; offshore anchorage only | Becancour (Quebec), Churchill, Halifax, Hamilton, Montreal, New Westminster, Prince Rupert, Quebec, Saint John (New Brunswick), St. John's (Newfoundland), Sept Isles, Sydney, Trois-Rivieres, Thunder Bay, Toronto, Vancouver, Windsor |
| Radio broadcast stations | AM NA, FM NA, shortwave NA
note: each atoll has a radio broadcast station of unknown type that broadcasts shipping and weather reports (1998) |
AM 535, FM 53, shortwave 6 (1998) |
| Radios | - | 32.3 million (1997) |
| Railways | 0 km | total:
36,114 km; note - there are two major transcontinental freight railway systems: Canadian National (privatized November 1995) and Canadian Pacific Railway; passenger service provided by government-operated firm VIA, which has no trackage of its own standard gauge: 36,114 km 1.435-m gauge (156 km electrified) (1998) |
| Religions | Congregational Christian Church 70%, Roman Catholic 28%, other 2%
note: on Atafu, all Congregational Christian Church of Samoa; on Nukunonu, all Roman Catholic; on Fakaofo, both denominations, with the Congregational Christian Church predominant |
Roman Catholic 42%, Protestant 40%, other 18% |
| Sex ratio | NA (2003 est.) | at birth:
1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.01 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.74 male(s)/female total population: 0.98 male(s)/female (2001 est.) |
| Suffrage | 21 years of age; universal | 18 years of age; universal |
| Telephone system | general assessment: adequate
domestic: radiotelephone service between islands international: radiotelephone service to Samoa; government-regulated telephone service (TeleTok), with 3 satellite earth stations, established in 1997 |
general assessment:
excellent service provided by modern technology domestic: domestic satellite system with about 300 earth stations international: 5 coaxial submarine cables; satellite earth stations - 5 Intelsat (4 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Pacific Ocean) and 2 Intersputnik (Atlantic Ocean region) |
| Telephones - main lines in use | NA | 18.5 million (1999) |
| Telephones - mobile cellular | 0 (2001) | 4.207 million (1997) |
| Television broadcast stations | - | 80 (plus many repeaters) (1997) |
| Terrain | low-lying coral atolls enclosing large lagoons | mostly plains with mountains in west and lowlands in southeast |
| Total fertility rate | NA children born/woman (2003 est.) | 1.6 children born/woman (2001 est.) |
| Unemployment rate | NA% | 6.8% (2000 est.) |
| Waterways | none | 3,000 km (including Saint Lawrence Seaway) |
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