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Compare Thailand (2001) - Bermuda (2003)

Compare Thailand (2001) z Bermuda (2003)

 Thailand (2001)Bermuda (2003)
 ThailandBermuda
Administrative divisions 76 provinces (changwat, singular and plural); Amnat Charoen, Ang Thong, Buriram, Chachoengsao, Chai Nat, Chaiyaphum, Chanthaburi, Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Chon Buri, Chumphon, Kalasin, Kamphaeng Phet, Kanchanaburi, Khon Kaen, Krabi, Krung Thep Mahanakhon (Bangkok), Lampang, Lamphun, Loei, Lop Buri, Mae Hong Son, Maha Sarakham, Mukdahan, Nakhon Nayok, Nakhon Pathom, Nakhon Phanom, Nakhon Ratchasima, Nakhon Sawan, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Nan, Narathiwat, Nong Bua Lamphu, Nong Khai, Nonthaburi, Pathum Thani, Pattani, Phangnga, Phatthalung, Phayao, Phetchabun, Phetchaburi, Phichit, Phitsanulok, Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya, Phrae, Phuket, Prachin Buri, Prachuap Khiri Khan, Ranong, Ratchaburi, Rayong, Roi Et, Sa Kaeo, Sakon Nakhon, Samut Prakan, Samut Sakhon, Samut Songkhram, Sara Buri, Satun, Sing Buri, Sisaket, Songkhla, Sukhothai, Suphan Buri, Surat Thani, Surin, Tak, Trang, Trat, Ubon Ratchathani, Udon Thani, Uthai Thani, Uttaradit, Yala, Yasothon 9 parishes and 2 municipalities*; Devonshire, Hamilton, Hamilton*, Paget, Pembroke, Saint George*, Saint George's, Sandys, Smith's, Southampton, Warwick
Age structure 0-14 years:
23.43% (male 7,380,273; female 7,099,506)

15-64 years:
69.95% (male 21,304,051; female 21,921,383)

65 years and over:
6.62% (male 1,796,325; female 2,296,213) (2001 est.)
0-14 years: 19.2% (male 6,195; female 6,205)


15-64 years: 69.3% (male 22,110; female 22,574)


65 years and over: 11.5% (male 3,215; female 4,183) (2003 est.)
Agriculture - products rice, cassava (tapioca), rubber, corn, sugarcane, coconuts, soybeans bananas, vegetables, citrus, flowers; dairy products
Airports 110 (2000 est.) 1 (2002)
Airports - with paved runways total:
59

over 3,047 m:
6

2,438 to 3,047 m:
11

1,524 to 2,437 m:
21

914 to 1,523 m:
17

under 914 m:
4 (2000 est.)
total: 1


2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 (2002)
Airports - with unpaved runways total:
51

1,524 to 2,437 m:
1

914 to 1,523 m:
16

under 914 m:
34 (2000 est.)
-
Area total:
514,000 sq km

land:
511,770 sq km

water:
2,230 sq km
total: 53.3 sq km


land: 53.3 sq km


water: 0 sq km
Area - comparative slightly more than twice the size of Wyoming about one-third the size of Washington, DC
Background A unified Thai kingdom was established in the mid-14th century; it was known as Siam until 1939. Thailand is the only southeast Asian country never to have been taken over by a European power. A bloodless revolution in 1932 led to a constitutional monarchy. In alliance with Japan during World War II, Thailand became a US ally following the conflict. Bermuda was first settled in 1609 by shipwrecked English colonists headed for Virginia. Tourism to the island to escape North American winters first developed in Victorian times. Tourism continues to be important to the island's economy, although international business has overtaken it in recent years. Bermuda has developed into a highly successful offshore financial center. A referendum on independence was soundly defeated in 1995.
Birth rate 16.63 births/1,000 population (2001 est.) 12.13 births/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Budget revenues:
$19 billion

expenditures:
$21 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (2000 est.)
revenues: $609.5 million


expenditures: $574.6 million, including capital expenditures of $54.8 million (FY 00/01)
Capital Bangkok Hamilton
Climate tropical; rainy, warm, cloudy southwest monsoon (mid-May to September); dry, cool northeast monsoon (November to mid-March); southern isthmus always hot and humid subtropical; mild, humid; gales, strong winds common in winter
Coastline 3,219 km 103 km
Constitution new constitution signed by King PHUMIPHON on 11 October 1997 8 June 1968, amended 1989
Country name conventional long form:
Kingdom of Thailand

conventional short form:
Thailand

former:
Siam
conventional long form: none


conventional short form: Bermuda


former: Somers Islands
Currency baht (THB) Bermudian dollar (BMD)
Death rate 7.54 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.) 7.46 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Debt - external $90 billion (2000 est.) $145 million (FY 99/00)
Dependency status - overseas territory of the UK
Diplomatic representation from the US chief of mission:
Ambassador Richard E. HECKLINGER

embassy:
120/22 Wireless Road, Bangkok

mailing address:
APO AP 96546

telephone:
[66] (2) 205-4000

FAX:
[66] (2) 254-1171

consulate(s) general:
Chiang Mai
chief of mission: Consul General Denis Patrick COLEMAN, Jr.


consulate(s) general: Crown Hill, 16 Middle Road, Devonshire DVO3


mailing address: P. O. Box HM325, Hamilton HMBX; American Consulate General Hamilton, Department of State, 5300 Hamilton Place, Washington, DC 20520-5300


telephone: [1] (441) 295-1342


FAX: [1] (441) 295-1592, [1] (441) 296-9233
Diplomatic representation in the US chief of mission:
Ambassador TEJ Bunnag

chancery:
1024 Wisconsin Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20007

telephone:
[1] (202) 944-3600

FAX:
[1] (202) 944-3611

consulate(s) general:
Chicago, Los Angeles, and New York
none (overseas territory of the UK)
Disputes - international parts of the border with Laos are indefinite; parts of border with Cambodia are indefinite; sporadic border hostilities with Burma over border alignment and ethnic Shan rebels operating in cross-border region none
Economic aid - recipient $131.5 million (1998 est.) $NA
Economy - overview After enjoying the world's highest growth rate from 1985 to 1995 - averaging almost 9% annually - increased speculative pressure on Thailand's currency in 1997 led to a crisis that uncovered financial sector weaknesses and forced the government to float the baht. Long pegged at 25 to the dollar, the baht reached its lowest point of 56 to the dollar in January 1998 and the economy contracted by 10.2% that same year. Thailand entered a recovery stage in 1999, expanding 4.2% and grew about the same amount in 2000, largely due to strong exports - which increased about 20% in 2000. An ailing financial sector and the slow pace of corporate debt restructuring, combined with a softening of global demand, is likely to slow growth in 2001. Bermuda enjoys one of the highest per capita incomes in the world, with its economy primarily based on providing financial services for international business and luxury facilities for tourists. The effects of 11 September 2001 have had both positive and negative ramifications for Bermuda. On the positive side, a number of new reinsurance companies have located on the island, contributing to the expansion of an already robust international business sector. On the negative side, Bermuda's tourism industry - which derives over 80% of its visitors from the US - has been severely hit as American tourists have chosen not to travel. Tourism rebounded somewhat in 2002, but remains below the pre-11 September level. Most capital equipment and food must be imported. Bermuda's industrial sector is small, although construction continues to be important. Agriculture is limited, only 6% of the land being arable.
Electricity - consumption 83.991 billion kWh (1999) 598.6 million kWh (2001)
Electricity - exports 200 million kWh (1999) 0 kWh (2001)
Electricity - imports 1.02 billion kWh (1999) 0 kWh (2001)
Electricity - production 89.431 billion kWh (1999) 643.7 million kWh (2001)
Electricity - production by source fossil fuel:
91.17%

hydro:
3.81%

nuclear:
0%

other:
5.02% (1999)
fossil fuel: 100%


hydro: 0%


nuclear: 0%


other: 0% (2001)
Elevation extremes lowest point:
Gulf of Thailand 0 m

highest point:
Doi Inthanon 2,576 m
lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m


highest point: Town Hill 76 m
Environment - current issues air pollution from vehicle emissions; water pollution from organic and factory wastes; deforestation; soil erosion; wildlife populations threatened by illegal hunting asbestos disposal; water pollution; preservation of open space; sustainable development
Environment - international agreements party to:
Climate Change, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands

signed, but not ratified:
Biodiversity, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Law of the Sea
-
Ethnic groups Thai 75%, Chinese 14%, other 11% black 58%, white 36%, other 6%
Exchange rates baht per US dollar - 43.078 (January 2001), 40.112 (2000), 37.814 (1999), 41.359 (1998), 31.364 (1997), 25.343 (1996) Bermudian dollar per US dollar - 1.0000 (fixed rate pegged to the US dollar)
Executive branch chief of state:
King PHUMIPHON Adunyadet (since 9 June 1946)

head of government:
Prime Minister THAKSIN Chinnawat (since NA January 2001)

cabinet:
Council of Ministers

note:
there is also a Privy Council

elections:
none; the monarch is hereditary; prime minister designated from among the members of the House of Representatives; following a national election for the House of Representatives, the leader of the party that can organize a majority coalition usually becomes prime minister
chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by Governor Sir John VEREKER (since NA April 2002)


head of government: Premier Alex SCOTT (since 24 July 2003)


cabinet: Cabinet nominated by the premier, appointed by the governor


elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; governor appointed by the monarch; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or the leader of the majority coalition is usually appointed premier by the governor
Exports $68.2 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.) NA (2001)
Exports - commodities computers and parts, textiles, integrated circuits, rice reexports of pharmaceuticals
Exports - partners US 22%, Japan 14%, Singapore 9%, Hong Kong 5%, Netherlands 4%, Malaysia 4%, UK 4% (1999) France 77.4%, UK 2.8%, US 2.4% (2002)
Fiscal year 1 October - 30 September 1 April - 31 March
Flag description five horizontal bands of red (top), white, blue (double width), white, and red red, with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant and the Bermudian coat of arms (white and green shield with a red lion holding a scrolled shield showing the sinking of the ship Sea Venture off Bermuda in 1609) centered on the outer half of the flag
GDP purchasing power parity - $413 billion (2000 est.) purchasing power parity - $2.25 billion (2002 est.)
GDP - composition by sector agriculture:
13%

industry:
40%

services:
47% (1999)
agriculture: 1%


industry: 10%


services: 89% (2002 est.)
GDP - per capita purchasing power parity - $6,700 (2000 est.) purchasing power parity - $35,200 (2002 est.)
GDP - real growth rate 4.2% (2000 est.) 0.5% (2002 est.)
Geographic coordinates 15 00 N, 100 00 E 32 20 N, 64 45 W
Geography - note controls only land route from Asia to Malaysia and Singapore consists of about 138 coral islands and islets with ample rainfall, but no rivers or freshwater lakes; some land was leased by US Government from 1941 to 1995
Heliports 2 (2000 est.) -
Highways total:
64,600 km

paved:
62,985 km

unpaved:
1,615 km (1996)
total: 450 km


paved: 450 km


unpaved: 0 km


note: public roads - 209 km; private roads - 241 km (2002)
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%:
2.5%

highest 10%:
37.1% (1992)
lowest 10%: NA%


highest 10%: NA%
Illicit drugs a minor producer of opium, heroin, and marijuana; illicit transit point for heroin en route to the international drug market from Burma and Laos; eradication efforts have reduced the area of cannabis cultivation and shifted some production to neighboring countries; opium poppy cultivation has been reduced by eradication efforts; also a drug money-laundering center; minor role in amphetamine production for regional consumption; increasing indigenous abuse of methamphetamine -
Imports $61.8 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.) NA (2001)
Imports - commodities capital goods, intermediate goods and raw materials, consumer goods, fuels machinery and transport equipment, construction materials, chemicals, food and live animals
Imports - partners Japan 26%, US 14%, Singapore 6%, China 5%, Malaysia 5%, Taiwan 5% (1999) Kazakhstan 30.9%, France 24.7%, Italy 10.5%, US 9.7%, South Korea 8.4%, Mexico 4.3% (2002)
Independence 1238 (traditional founding date; never colonized) none (overseas territory of the UK)
Industrial production growth rate 3% (2000 est.) NA%
Industries tourism; textiles and garments, agricultural processing, beverages, tobacco, cement, light manufacturing, such as jewelry; electric appliances and components, computers and parts, integrated circuits, furniture, plastics; world's second-largest tungsten producer and third-largest tin producer tourism, international business, light manufacturing
Infant mortality rate 30.49 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.) total: 9.05 deaths/1,000 live births


male: 10.77 deaths/1,000 live births


female: 7.3 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2.1% (2000 est.) 2.3% (July 2002)
International organization participation APEC, ARF, AsDB, ASEAN, BIS, CCC, CP, ESCAP, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Inmarsat, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, NAM, OAS (observer), OIC (observer), OPCW, OSCE (partner), PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIKOM, UNITAR, UNMIBH, UNTAET, UNU, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO Caricom (observer), ICFTU, Interpol (subbureau), IOC, WCO
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) 15 (2000) 20 (2000)
Irrigated land 44,000 sq km (1993 est.) NA sq km
Judicial branch Supreme Court or Sandika (judges appointed by the monarch) Supreme Court; Court of Appeal; Magistrate Courts
Labor force 32.6 million (1997 est.) 37,472 (2000)
Labor force - by occupation agriculture 54%, industry 15%, services 31% (1996 est.) clerical 22%, services 20%, laborers 17%, professional and technical 17%, administrative and managerial 13%, sales 8%, agriculture and fishing 3% (2000 est.)
Land boundaries total:
4,863 km

border countries:
Burma 1,800 km, Cambodia 803 km, Laos 1,754 km, Malaysia 506 km
0 km
Land use arable land:
34%

permanent crops:
6%

permanent pastures:
2%

forests and woodland:
26%

other:
32% (1993 est.)
arable land: 6%


permanent crops: 0%


other: 94% (55% developed, 45% rural/open space) (1998 est.)
Languages Thai, English (secondary language of the elite), ethnic and regional dialects English (official), Portuguese
Legal system based on civil law system, with influences of common law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction English law
Legislative branch bicameral National Assembly or Rathasapha consists of the Senate or Wuthisapha (200 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms) and the House of Representatives or Sapha Phuthaen Ratsadon (500 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms)

elections:
Senate - last held 4 March, 29 April, 4 June, 9 July, and 22 July 2000 (next to be held NA March 2004); House of Representatives - last held 6 January 2001 (next to be held NA January 2005)

election results:
Senate - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - NA; House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - TRT 248, DP 128, TNP 41, NAP 36, NDP 29, other 18
bicameral Parliament consists of the Senate (an 11-member body appointed by the governor, the premier, and the opposition) and the House of Assembly (36 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)


elections: last general election held 24 July 2003 (next to be held NA July 2008)


election results: percent of vote by party - PLP 51.7%, UBP 48%; seats by party - PLP 22, UBP 14
Life expectancy at birth total population:
68.86 years

male:
65.64 years

female:
72.24 years (2001 est.)
total population: 77.41 years


male: 75.38 years


female: 79.49 years (2003 est.)
Literacy definition:
age 15 and over can read and write

total population:
93.8%

male:
96%

female:
91.6% (1995 est.)
definition: age 15 and over can read and write


total population: 98%


male: 98%


female: 99% (1970 est.)
Location Southeastern Asia, bordering the Andaman Sea and the Gulf of Thailand, southeast of Burma North America, group of islands in the North Atlantic Ocean, east of North Carolina (US)
Map references Southeast Asia North America
Maritime claims continental shelf:
200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation

exclusive economic zone:
200 NM

territorial sea:
12 NM
exclusive fishing zone: 200 NM


territorial sea: 12 NM
Merchant marine total:
294 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 1,845,972 GRT/2,923,914 DWT

ships by type:
bulk 36, cargo 133, chemical tanker 3, combination bulk 1, container 14, liquefied gas 20, multi-functional large-load carrier 3, passenger 1, petroleum tanker 61, refrigerated cargo 13, roll on/roll off 2, short-sea passenger 2, specialized tanker 5 (2000 est.)
total: 93 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 4,993,227 GRT/7,089,760 DWT


ships by type: bulk 25, cargo 4, chemical tanker 1, container 14, liquefied gas 9, passenger 5, petroleum tanker 11, refrigerated cargo 13, roll on/roll off 7, short-sea passenger 4


note: includes some foreign-owned ships registered here as a flag of convenience: Croatia 5, Denmark 2, Germany 1, Greece 1, Hong Kong 9, Indonesia 1, Norway 2, Sweden 11, United Kingdom 52, United States 13 (2002 est.)
Military - note - defense is the responsibility of the UK
Military branches Royal Thai Army, Royal Thai Navy (includes Royal Thai Marine Corps), Royal Thai Air Force, Paramilitary Forces no regular indigenous military forces; Bermuda Regiment, Bermuda Police Force, Bermuda Reserve Constabulary
Military expenditures - dollar figure $1.775 billion (FY00) $4.028 million (January 2002)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP 1.4% (FY00) 0.11% (FY00/01)
Military manpower - availability males age 15-49:
17,717,268 (2001 est.)
-
Military manpower - fit for military service males age 15-49:
10,646,818 (2001 est.)
-
Military manpower - military age 18 years of age -
Military manpower - reaching military age annually males:
567,659 (2001 est.)
-
National holiday Birthday of King PHUMIPHON, 5 December (1927) Bermuda Day, 24 May
Nationality noun:
Thai (singular and plural)

adjective:
Thai
noun: Bermudian(s)


adjective: Bermudian
Natural hazards land subsidence in Bangkok area resulting from the depletion of the water table; droughts hurricanes (June to November)
Natural resources tin, rubber, natural gas, tungsten, tantalum, timber, lead, fish, gypsum, lignite, fluorite, arable land limestone, pleasant climate fostering tourism
Net migration rate 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.) 2.56 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Pipelines petroleum products 67 km; natural gas 350 km -
Political parties and leaders Democratic Party or DP (Prachathipat Party) [CHUAN Likphai]; Liberal Democratic Party or LDP (Seri Tham) [PHINIT Charusombat]; Mass Party or MP [CHALERM Yoobamrung, SOPHON Petchsavang]; National Development Party or NDP (Chat Phattana) [KORN Dabbaransi]; New Aspiration Party or NAP (Khwamwang Mai) [Gen. CHAWALIT Yongchaiyut]; Phalang Dharma Party or PDP (Phalang Tham) [CHAIWAT Sinsuwong]; Social Action Party or SAP (Kitsangkhom Party) [leader vacant]; Solidarity Party or SP (Ekkaphap Party) [CHAIYOT Sasomsap]; Thai Citizen's Party or TCP (Prachakon Thai) [SAMAK Sunthonwet]; Thai Nation Party or TNP (Chat Thai Party) [BANHAN Sinlapa-acha]; Thai Rak Thai Party or TRT [THAKSIN Chinnawat] National Liberal Party or NLP [Dessaline WALDRON]; Progressive Labor Party or PLP [Jennifer SMITH]; United Bermuda Party or UBP [Chairman Wayne FURBERT]
Political pressure groups and leaders NA Bermuda Employer's Union [Eddie SAINTS]; Bermuda Industrial Union or BIU [Derrick BURGESS]; Bermuda Public Services Association or BPSA [leader NA]; Bermuda Union of Teachers [Michael CHARLES]
Population 61,797,751

note:
estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2001 est.)
64,482 (July 2003 est.)
Population below poverty line 12.5% (1998 est.) NA%
Population growth rate 0.91% (2001 est.) 0.72% (2003 est.)
Ports and harbors Bangkok, Laem Chabang, Pattani, Phuket, Sattahip, Si Racha, Songkhla Hamilton, Saint George's, Dockyard
Radio broadcast stations AM 204, FM 334, shortwave 6 (1999) AM 5, FM 3, shortwave 0 (1998)
Radios 13.96 million (1997) -
Railways total:
3,940 km

narrow gauge:
3,940 km 1.000-m gauge (99 km double track)
0 km
Religions Buddhism 95%, Muslim 3.8%, Christianity 0.5%, Hinduism 0.1%, other 0.6% (1991) non-Anglican Protestant 39%, Anglican 27%, Roman Catholic 15%, other 19%
Sex ratio at birth:
1.05 male(s)/female

under 15 years:
1.04 male(s)/female

15-64 years:
0.97 male(s)/female

65 years and over:
0.78 male(s)/female

total population:
0.97 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
at birth: 1.02 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 0.98 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.77 male(s)/female


total population: 0.96 male(s)/female (2003 est.)
Suffrage 18 years of age; universal and compulsory 18 years of age; universal
Telephone system general assessment:
service to general public adequate, but investment in technological upgrades reduced by recession; bulk of service to government activities provided by multichannel cable and microwave radio relay network

domestic:
microwave radio relay and multichannel cable; domestic satellite system being developed

international:
satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Indian Ocean and 1 Pacific Ocean)
general assessment: NA


domestic: modern, fully automatic telephone system


international: 3 submarine cables; satellite earth stations - 3 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)
Telephones - main lines in use 5.4 million (1998) 52,000 (1997)
Telephones - mobile cellular 2.3 million (1998) 7,980 (1996)
Television broadcast stations 5 (all in Bangkok; plus 131 repeaters) (1997) 3 (1997)
Terrain central plain; Khorat Plateau in the east; mountains elsewhere low hills separated by fertile depressions
Total fertility rate 1.87 children born/woman (2001 est.) 1.9 children born/woman (2003 est.)
Unemployment rate 3.7% (2000 est.) 4.5% (1993)
Waterways 4,000 km

note:
3,701 km are navigable throughout the year by boats with drafts up to 0.9 meters; numerous minor waterways serve shallow-draft native craft
none
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