Compare Svalbard (2004) - Ghana (2004)

Compare Svalbard (2004) z Ghana (2004)

	Svalbard (2004)	Ghana (2004)

Administrative divisions	-	10 regions; Ashanti, Brong-Ahafo, Central, Eastern, Greater Accra, Northern, Upper East, Upper West, Volta, Western
Age structure	0-14 years: NA 15-64 years: NA 65 years and over: NA	0-14 years: 38% (male 3,988,800; female 3,904,989) 15-64 years: 58.3% (male 6,030,151; female 6,071,725) 65 years and over: 3.7% (male 359,042; female 402,325) (2004 est.)
Agriculture - products	-	cocoa, rice, coffee, cassava (tapioca), peanuts, corn, shea nuts, bananas; timber
Airports	4 (2003 est.)	12 (2003 est.)
Airports - with paved runways	total: 2 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 914 to 1523 m: 1 (2004 est.)	total: 7 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 4 914 to 1,523 m: 2 (2004 est.)
Airports - with unpaved runways	total: 2 under 914 m: 2 (2004 est.)	total: 5 914 to 1,523 m: 3 under 914 m: 2 (2004 est.)
Area	total: 62,049 sq km land: 62,049 sq km water: 0 sq km note: includes Spitsbergen and Bjornoya (Bear Island)	total: 239,460 sq km land: 230,940 sq km water: 8,520 sq km
Area - comparative	slightly smaller than West Virginia	slightly smaller than Oregon
Background	First discovered by the Norwegians in the 12th century, the islands served as an international whaling base during the 17th and 18th centuries. Norway's sovereignty was recognized in 1920; five years later it officially took over the territory.	Formed from the merger of the British colony of the Gold Coast and the Togoland trust territory, Ghana in 1957 became the first sub-Saharan country in colonial Africa to gain its independence. A long series of coups resulted in the suspension of the constitution in 1981 and the banning of political parties. A new constitution, restoring multiparty politics, was approved in 1992. Lt. Jerry RAWLINGS, head of state since 1981, won presidential elections in 1992 and 1996, but was constitutionally prevented from running for a third term in 2000. He was succeeded by John KUFUOR, who defeated former Vice President Atta MILLS in a free and fair election.
Birth rate	NA births/1,000 population	24.9 births/1,000 population (2004 est.)
Budget	revenues: $11.5 million expenditures: $11.5 million, including capital expenditures of NA (1998 est.)	revenues: $1.943 billion expenditures: $2.192 billion, including capital expenditures of NA (2003 est.)
Capital	Longyearbyen	Accra
Climate	arctic, tempered by warm North Atlantic Current; cool summers, cold winters; North Atlantic Current flows along west and north coasts of Spitsbergen, keeping water open and navigable most of the year	tropical; warm and comparatively dry along southeast coast; hot and humid in southwest; hot and dry in north
Coastline	3,587 km	539 km
Constitution	-	approved 28 April 1992
Country name	conventional long form: none conventional short form: Svalbard (sometimes referred to as Spitzbergen)	conventional long form: Republic of Ghana conventional short form: Ghana former: Gold Coast
Currency	Norwegian krone (NOK)	cedi (GHC)
Death rate	NA deaths/1,000 population	10.67 deaths/1,000 population (2004 est.)
Debt - external	-	$7.398 billion (2003 est.)
Dependency status	territory of Norway; administered by the Polar Department of the Ministry of Justice, through a governor (sysselmann) residing in Longyearbyen, Spitsbergen; by treaty (9 February 1920) sovereignty was awarded to Norway	-
Diplomatic representation from the US	-	chief of mission: Ambassador Mary Carlin YATES embassy: 6th and 10th Lanes, 798/1 Osu, Accra mailing address: P. O. Box 194, Accra telephone: [233] (21) 775-347, 775-348 FAX: [233] (21) 701-813
Diplomatic representation in the US	-	chief of mission: Ambassador Alan J. KYEREMATEN chancery: 3512 International Drive NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 686-4520 FAX: [1] (202) 686-4527 consulate(s) general: New York
Disputes - international	despite recent discussions, Russia and Norway dispute their maritime limits in the Barents Sea and Russia's fishing rights beyond Svalbard's territorial limits within the Svalbard Treaty zone	Ghana must still deal with refugees and returning nationals escaping rebel fighting in Cote d'Ivoire
Economic aid - recipient	$8.2 million from Norway (1998)	$6.9 billion (1999)
Economy - overview	Coal mining is the major economic activity on Svalbard. The treaty of 9 February 1920 gives the 41 signatories equal rights to exploit mineral deposits, subject to Norwegian regulation. Although US, UK, Dutch, and Swedish coal companies have mined in the past, the only companies still mining are Norwegian and Russian. The settlements on Svalbard are essentially company towns. The Norwegian state-owned coal company employs nearly 60% of the Norwegian population on the island, runs many of the local services, and provides most of the local infrastructure. There is also some hunting of seal, reindeer, and fox.	Well endowed with natural resources, Ghana has roughly twice the per capita output of the poorer countries in West Africa. Even so, Ghana remains heavily dependent on international financial and technical assistance. Gold, timber, and cocoa production are major sources of foreign exchange. The domestic economy continues to revolve around subsistence agriculture, which accounts for 35% of GDP and employs 60% of the work force, mainly small landholders. Ghana opted for debt relief under the Heavily Indebted Poor Country (HIPC) program in 2002. Policy priorities include tighter monetary and fiscal policies, accelerated privatization, and improvement of social services. Receipts from the gold sector should help sustain GDP growth in 2004. Inflation should ease, but remain a major internal problem.
Electricity - consumption	NA kWh	8.835 billion kWh (2001)
Electricity - exports	-	300 million kWh (2001)
Electricity - imports	-	950 million kWh (2001)
Electricity - production	NA kWh	8.801 billion kWh (2001)
Elevation extremes	lowest point: Arctic Ocean 0 m highest point: Newtontoppen 1,717 m	lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m highest point: Mount Afadjato 880 m
Environment - current issues	NA	recurrent drought in north severely affects agricultural activities; deforestation; overgrazing; soil erosion; poaching and habitat destruction threatens wildlife populations; water pollution; inadequate supplies of potable water
Environment - international agreements	-	party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: Marine Life Conservation
Ethnic groups	Norwegian 55.4%, Russian and Ukrainian 44.3%, other 0.3% (1998)	black African 98.5% (major tribes - Akan 44%, Moshi-Dagomba 16%, Ewe 13%, Ga 8%, Gurma 3%, Yoruba 1%), European and other 1.5% (1998)
Exchange rates	Norwegian kroner per US dollar - 7.0802 (2003), 7.9838 (2002), 8.9917 (2001), 8.8018 (2000), 7.7992 (1999)	cedis per US dollar - NA (2003), 7,932.7 (2002), 7,170.76 (2001), 5,455.06 (2000), 2,669.3 (1999)
Executive branch	chief of state: King HARALD V of Norway (since 17 January 1991) head of government: Governor Odd Olsen INGERO (since 8 June 2001) and Assistant Governor Rune Baard HANSEN (since NA) elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; governor and assistant governor responsible to the Polar Department of the Ministry of Justice	chief of state: President John Agyekum KUFUOR (since 7 January 2001); Vice President Alhaji Aliu MAHAMA (since 7 January 2001); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government head of government: President John Agyekum KUFUOR (since 7 January 2001); Vice President Alhaji Aliu MAHAMA (since 7 January 2001); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government cabinet: Council of Ministers; president nominates members subject to approval by Parliament elections: president and vice president elected on the same ticket by popular vote for four-year terms; election last held 7 December 2004 (next to be held December 2008) election results: John Agyekum KUFUOR reelected president in election; percent of vote - John KUFUOR 53.4%, John Atta MILLS 43.7%
Exports	NA	NA (2001)
Exports - commodities	-	gold, cocoa, timber, tuna, bauxite, aluminum, manganese ore, diamonds
Exports - partners	-	Netherlands 11.2%, UK 10.7%, France 7.7%, Germany 6.2%, Japan 5.2%, Italy 4.6%, Turkey 4.4%, US 4.3% (2003)
Fiscal year	-	calendar year
Flag description	the flag of Norway is used	three equal horizontal bands of red (top), yellow, and green with a large black five-pointed star centered in the yellow band; uses the popular pan-African colors of Ethiopia; similar to the flag of Bolivia, which has a coat of arms centered in the yellow band
GDP	purchasing power parity - NA	purchasing power parity - $44.44 billion (2003 est.)
GDP - composition by sector	-	agriculture: 35.4% industry: 25.4% services: 39.2% (2003 est.)
GDP - per capita	purchasing power parity - NA	purchasing power parity - $2,200 (2003 est.)
GDP - real growth rate	NA	4.7% (2003 est.)
Geographic coordinates	78 00 N, 20 00 E	8 00 N, 2 00 W
Geography - note	northernmost part of the Kingdom of Norway; consists of nine main islands; glaciers and snowfields cover 60% of the total area	Lake Volta is the world's largest artificial lake
Highways	total: NA km paved: NA km unpaved: NA km	total: 39,409 km paved: 11,665 km unpaved: 27,744 km (1999 est.)
Household income or consumption by percentage share	lowest 10%: NA highest 10%: NA	lowest 10%: 2.2% highest 10%: 30.1% (1999)
Illicit drugs	-	illicit producer of cannabis for the international drug trade; major transit hub for Southwest and Southeast Asian heroin and, to a lesser extent, South American cocaine destined for Europe and the US; widespread crime and corruption have made money laundering a problem, but the lack of a well-developed financial infrastructure limits the country's utility as a money-laundering center
Imports	NA	NA (2001)
Imports - commodities	-	capital equipment, petroleum, foodstuffs
Imports - partners	-	Nigeria 13.2%, China 9.3%, UK 7.2%, US 6.1%, Germany 4.8%, France 4.5%, South Africa 4% (2003)
Independence	none (territory of Norway)	6 March 1957 (from UK)
Industrial production growth rate	NA	3.8% (2000 est.)
Industries	-	mining, lumbering, light manufacturing, aluminum smelting, food processing
Infant mortality rate	total: NA male: NA female: NA	total: 52.22 deaths/1,000 live births male: 55.1 deaths/1,000 live births female: 49.25 deaths/1,000 live births (2004 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices)	NA	26.7% (2003 est.)
International organization participation	none	ACP, AfDB, AU, C, ECOWAS, FAO, G-24, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), ISO, ITU, MIGA, MINURSO, MONUC, NAM, OAS (observer), ONUB, OPCW, UN, UNAMSIL, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNITAR, UNMEE, UNMIK, UNMIL, UNOCI, UPU, WCL, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO
Irrigated land	NA sq km	110 sq km (1998 est.)
Judicial branch	-	Supreme Court
Labor force	NA	10 million (2003 est.)
Labor force - by occupation	-	agriculture 60%, industry 15%, services 25% (1999 est.)
Land boundaries	0 km	total: 2,094 km border countries: Burkina Faso 549 km, Cote d'Ivoire 668 km, Togo 877 km
Land use	arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (no trees, and the only bushes are crowberry and cloudberry) (2001)	arable land: 16.26% permanent crops: 9.67% other: 74.07% (2001)
Languages	Norwegian, Russian	English (official), African languages (including Akan, Moshi-Dagomba, Ewe, and Ga)
Legal system	NA	based on English common law and customary law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Legislative branch	-	unicameral Parliament (230 seats; note - increased from 200 seats in last election; members are elected by direct, popular vote to serve four-year terms) elections: last held 7 December 2004 (next to be held December 2008) election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - NPP 128, NDC 92, other 10
Life expectancy at birth	total population: NA years male: NA years female: NA years	total population: 56.27 years male: 55.36 years female: 57.22 years (2004 est.)
Literacy	NA	definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 74.8% male: 82.7% female: 67.1% (2003 est.)
Location	Northern Europe, islands between the Arctic Ocean, Barents Sea, Greenland Sea, and Norwegian Sea, north of Norway	Western Africa, bordering the Gulf of Guinea, between Cote d'Ivoire and Togo
Map references	Arctic Region	Africa
Maritime claims	territorial sea: 4 nm exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm unilaterally claimed by Norway but not recognized by Russia	territorial sea: 12 nm contiguous zone: 24 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm continental shelf: 200 nm
Merchant marine	none	total: 8 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 19,086 GRT/26,185 DWT by type: petroleum tanker 3, refrigerated cargo 5 foreign-owned: Brazil 1, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 1, Spain 1 (2004 est.)
Military - note	demilitarized by treaty (9 February 1920)	-
Military branches	-	Army, Navy, Air Force
Military expenditures - dollar figure	-	$44 million (2003)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP	-	0.6% (2003)
Military manpower - availability	-	males age 15-49: 5,391,378 (2004 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service	-	males age 15-49: 2,994,600 (2004 est.)
Military manpower - reaching military age annually	-	males: 244,809 (2004 est.)
National holiday	NA	Independence Day, 6 March (1957)
Nationality	-	noun: Ghanaian(s) adjective: Ghanaian
Natural hazards	ice floes often block the entrance to Bellsund (a transit point for coal export) on the west coast and occasionally make parts of the northeastern coast inaccessible to maritime traffic	dry, dusty, northeastern harmattan winds occur from January to March; droughts
Natural resources	coal, iron ore, copper, zinc, phosphate, wildlife, fish	gold, timber, industrial diamonds, bauxite, manganese, fish, rubber, hydropower
Net migration rate	NA migrant(s)/1,000 population	-0.64 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2004 est.)
People - note	-	there are 9,500 Liberians, 2,000 Sierra Leoneans, and 1,000 Togolese refugees residing in Ghana (2002)
Pipelines	-	refined products 74 km (2004)
Political parties and leaders	-	Convention People's Party or CPP [Nii Noi DOWUONA, general secretary]; Every Ghanaian Living Everywhere or EGLE [Owuraku AMOFA, chairman]; Great Consolidated Popular Party or GCPP [Dan LARTY]; National Convention Party or NCP [Sarpong KUMA-KUMA]; National Democratic Congress or NDC [Dr. Huudu YAHAYA, general secretary]; New Patriotic Party or NPP [Samuel Arthur ODOI-SYKES]; People's Convention Party or PCP [P. K. DONKOH-AYIFI, acting chairman]; People's Heritage Party or PHP [Emmanuel Alexander ERSKINE]; People's National Convention or PNC [Edward MAHAMA]; Reform Party [Kyeretwie OPUKU, general secretary]
Political pressure groups and leaders	-	NA
Population	2,756 (July 2004 est.)	20,757,032 note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2004 est.)
Population below poverty line	NA	31.4% (1992 est.)
Population growth rate	-0.02% (2004 est.)	1.36% (2004 est.)
Ports and harbors	Barentsburg, Longyearbyen, Ny-Alesund, Pyramiden	Takoradi, Tema
Radio broadcast stations	AM 1, FM 1 (plus 2 repeaters), shortwave 0 (1998)	AM 0, FM 49, shortwave 3 (2001)
Railways	-	total: 953 km narrow gauge: 953 km 1.067-m gauge (2003)
Religions	-	Christian 63%, Muslim 16%, indigenous beliefs 21%
Sex ratio	NA	at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.02 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.99 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.89 male(s)/female total population: 1 male(s)/female (2004 est.)
Suffrage	-	18 years of age; universal
Telephone system	general assessment: probably adequate domestic: local telephone service international: country code - 47-790; satellite earth station - 1 of unknown type (for communication with Norwegian mainland only)	general assessment: poor to fair system; Internet accessible; many rural communities not yet connected; expansion of services is underway domestic: primarily microwave radio relay; wireless local loop has been installed international: country code - 233; satellite earth stations - 4 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean); microwave radio relay link to Panaftel system connects Ghana to its neighbors; fiber optic submarine cable (SAT-3/WASC) provides connectivity to Europe and Asia
Telephones - main lines in use	NA	302,300 (2003)
Telephones - mobile cellular	NA	799,900 (2003)
Television broadcast stations	NA	10 (2001)
Terrain	wild, rugged mountains; much of high land ice covered; west coast clear of ice about one-half of the year; fjords along west and north coasts	mostly low plains with dissected plateau in south-central area
Total fertility rate	NA children born/woman	3.17 children born/woman (2004 est.)
Unemployment rate	-	20% (1997 est.)
Waterways	-	1,293 km note: 168 km for launches and lighters on Volta, Ankobra, and Tano rivers; 1,125 km of arterial and feeder waterways on Lake Volta (2003)

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