Porownanie Stany Zjednoczone (2008) - Zimbabwe (2008)
Porownanie Stany Zjednoczone (2008) z Zimbabwe (2008)
| Stany Zjednoczone (2008) | Zimbabwe (2008) | |
 |  | |
| Podzial administracyjny | 50 states and 1 district*; Alabama, Alaska, Arizona, Arkansas, California, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, District of Columbia*, Florida, Georgia, Hawaii, Idaho, Illinois, Indiena, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Meksyk, New York, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Vermont, Virginia, Washington, West Virginia, Wisconsin, Wyoming | 8 provinces and 2 cities* z provincial status; Bulawayo*, Harare*, Manicaland, Mashonaland Central, Mashonaland East, Mashonaland West, Masvingo, Matabeleland North, Matabeleland South, Midlands |
| Struktura wiekowa | 0-14 years: 20.2% (male 31,152,050/female 29,777,438)
15-64 years: 67.2% (male 100,995,752/female 101,365,035) 65 years and over: 12.6% (male 15,858,477/female 21,991,195) (2007 est.) |
0-14 years: 37.2% (male 2,308,731/female 2,266,027)
15-64 years: 59.3% (male 3,663,108/female 3,641,519) 65 years and over: 3.5% (male 198,867/female 232,891) (2007 est.) |
| Rolinictwo | wheat, corn, other grains, fruits, vegetables, cotton; beef, pork, poultry, dairy products; fish; forest products | corn, cotton, tobacco, wheat, coffee, sugarcane, peanuts; sheep, goats, pigs |
| Lotniska | 14,947 (2007) | 341 (2007) |
| Lotniska z utwardzonymi pasami | total: 5,143
over 3,047 m: 191 2,438 to 3,047 m: 224 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1,452 914 to 1,523 m: 2,323 under 914 m: 953 (2007) |
total: 19
over 3,047 m: 3 2,438 to 3,047 m: 2 1,524 to 2,437 m: 4 914 to 1,523 m: 10 (2007) |
| Lotniska z nieutwardzonymi pasami | total: 9,804
2,438 to 3,047 m: 7 1,524 to 2,437 m: 153 914 to 1,523 m: 1,732 under 914 m: 7,912 (2007) |
total: 322
1,524 to 2,437 m: 4 914 to 1,523 m: 152 under 914 m: 166 (2007) |
| Terytorium | total: 9,826,630 sq km
land: 9,161,923 sq km water: 664,707 sq km note: includes only the 50 states and District of Columbia |
total: 390,580 sq km
land: 386,670 sq km water: 3,910 sq km |
| Terytorium - porownanie wielkosci | about half the size of Rosja; about three-tenths the size of Africa; about half the size of South America (or slightly larger than Brazylia); slightly larger than Chiny; more than twice the size of the Unia Europejska | slightly larger than Montana |
| Tlo historyczne | Britain's American colonies broke z the mother country w 1776 and were recognized as the new nation of the Stany Zjednoczone of America following the Treaty of Paris w 1783. During the 19th and 20th centuries, 37 new states were added to the original 13 as the nation expanded across the North American continent and acquired a number of overseas possessions. The two most traumatic experiences w the nation's history were the Civil War (1861-65) and the Great Depression of the 1930s. Buoyed by victories w Swiat Wars I and II and the end of the Cold War w 1991, the US remains the world's most powerful nation state. The economy is marked by steady growth, low unemployment and inflation, and rapid advances w technology. | The UK annexed Southern Rhodesia from the [British] Republika Poludniowej Afryki Company w 1923. A 1961 constitution was formulated that favored whites w power. In 1965 the government unilaterally declared its independence, but the UK did not recognize the act and demanded more complete voting rights dla the black African majority w the country (then called Rhodesia). UN sanctions and a guerrilla uprising finally led to free elections w 1979 and independence (as Zimbabwe) w 1980. Robert MUGABE, the nation's first prime minister, has been the country's only ruler (as president since 1987) and has dominated the country's political system since independence. His chaotic land redistribution campaign, which began w 2000, caused an exodus of white farmers, crippled the economy, and ushered w widespread shortages of basic commodities. Ignoring international condemnation, MUGABE rigged the 2002 presidential election to ensure his reelection. The ruling ZANU-PF party used fraud and intimidation to win a two-thirds majority w the marzec 2005 parliamentary election, allowing it to amend the constitution at will and recreate the Senate, which had been abolished w the late 1980s. In kwiecien 2005, Harare embarked on Operation Restore Order, ostensibly an urban rationalization program, which resulted w the destruction of the homes or businesses of 700,000 mostly poor supporters of the opposition, according to UN estimates. President Mugabe w czerwiec 2007 instituted price controls on all basic commodities causing panic buying and leaving store shelves empty dla months. In pazdziernik 2007, Konstytucjaal Amendment 18 came into effect allowing dla harmonized presidential and parliamentary elections, shortening the length of the presidential term to five years, and moving up the date dla parliamentary elections. General elections are expected w marzec 2008. |
| Wspolczynnik narodzin | 14.16 births/1,000 population (2007 est.) | 27.72 births/1,000 population (2007 est.) |
| Budzet | revenues: $2.568 trillion
expenditures: $2.731 trillion (2007 est.) |
revenues: $1.105 billion
expenditures: $1.366 billion (2007 est.) |
| Stolica | name: Washington, DC
geographic coordinates: 38 53 N, 77 02 W time difference: UTC-5 (during Standard Time) daylight saving time: +1hr, begins second Sunday w marzec; ends first Sunday w listopad note: the US is divided into six time zones |
name: Harare
geographic coordinates: 17 50 S, 31 03 E time difference: UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time) |
| Klimat | mostly temperate, but tropical w Hawaii and Florida, arctic w Alaska, semiarid w the great plains west of the Mississippi River, and arid w the Great Basin of the southwest; low winter temperatures w the northwest are ameliorated occasionally w styczen and luty by warm chinook winds from the eastern slopes of the Rocky Mountains | tropical; moderated by altitude; rainy season (listopad to marzec) |
| Linia brzegowa | 19,924 km | 0 km (landlocked) |
| Konstytucja | 17 wrzesien 1787, effective 4 marzec 1789 | 21 grudzien 1979 |
| Nazwa panstwa | conventional long form: Stany Zjednoczone of America
conventional short form: Stany Zjednoczone abbreviation: US or USA |
conventional long form: Republic of Zimbabwe
conventional short form: Zimbabwe former: Southern Rhodesia, Rhodesia |
| Wspolczynnik zgonow | 8.26 deaths/1,000 population (2007 est.) | 21.76 deaths/1,000 population (2007 est.) |
| Zadluzenie - zewnetrzne | $12.25 trillion (30 czerwiec 2007) | $4.876 billion (31 grudzien 2007 est.) |
| Zalezne tereny | Samoa Amerykanskie, Wyspa Baker, Guam, Howland, Jarvis, Johnston, Kingman, Midway, Navassa, Mariany Polnocne, Palmyra, Portoryko, Wyspy Dziewicze, Wake
note: from 18 lipiec 1947 until 1 pazdziernik 1994, the US administered the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands; it entered into a political relationship z all four political units: the Mariany Polnocne is a commonwealth w political union z the US (effective 3 listopad 1986); the Republic of the Wyspy Marshalla signed a Compact of Free Association z the US (effective 21 pazdziernik 1986); the Federated States of Micronesia signed a Compact of Free Association z the US (effective 3 listopad 1986); Palau concluded a Compact of Free Association z the US (effective 1 pazdziernik 1994) |
- |
| Reprezentacja dyplomatyczna ze strony USA | - | chief of mission: Ambassador James D. MCGEE
embassy: 172 Herbert Chitepo Avenue, Harare mailing address: P. O. Box 3340, Harare telephone: [263] (4) 250-593 and 250-594 FAX: [263] (4) 796-488 |
| Reprezentacja dyplomatyczna w USA | - | chief of mission: Ambassador Dr. Machivenyika T. MAPURANGA
chancery: 1608 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20009 telephone: [1] (202) 332-7100 FAX: [1] (202) 483-9326 |
| Miedzynarodowe dyskusje | the U.S. has intensified domestic security measures and is collaborating closely z its neighbors, Kanada and Meksyk, to monitor and control legal and illegal personnel, transport, and commodities across the international borders; abundant rainfall w recent years along much of the Meksyk-US border region has ameliorated periodically strained water-sharing arrangements; 1990 Maritime Boundary Agreement w the Bering Sea still awaits Rosjan Duma ratification; managed maritime boundary disputes z Kanada at Dixon Entrance, Beaufort Sea, Strait of Juan de Fuca, and around the disputed Machias Seal Island and North Rock; The Bahamas and US have not been able to agree on a maritime boundary; US Naval Base at Guantanamo Bay is leased from Kuba and only mutual agreement or US abandonment of the area can terminate the lease; Haiti claims US-administered Navassa; US has made no territorial claim w Antarktyda (but has reserved the right to do so) and does not recognize the claims of any other states; Wyspy Marshalla claims Wake; Tokelau included Samoa Amerykanskie's Swains Island among the islands listed w its 2006 draft constitution | Botswana built electric fences and Republika Poludniowej Afryki has placed military along the border to stem the flow of thousands of Zimbabweans fleeing to find work and escape political persecution; Namibia has supported, and w 2004 Zimbabwe dropped objections to, plans between Botswana and Zambia to build a bridge over the Zambezi River, thereby de facto recognizing a short, but not clearly delimited, Botswana-Zambia boundary w the river |
| Ekonomiczna pomoc - udzielanie | ODA, $6.9 billion (1997) | - |
| Ekonomiczna pomoc - pobieranie | - | $367.7 million; note - the EU and the US provide food aid on humanitarian grounds (2005 est.) |
| Ekonomia | The US has the largest and most technologically powerful economy w the world, z a per capita Produkt krajowy brutto of $46,000. In this market-oriented economy, private individuals and business firms make most of the decisions, and the federal and state governments buy needed goods and services predominantly w the private marketplace. US business firms enjoy greater flexibility than their counterparts w Western Europe and Japonia w decisions to expand capital plant, to lay off surplus workers, and to develop new products. At the same time, they face higher barriers to enter their rivals' home markets than foreign firms face entering US markets. US firms are at or near the forefront w technological advances, especially w computers and w medical, aerospace, and military equipment; their advantage has narrowed since the end of Swiat War II. The onrush of technology largely explains the gradual development of a "two-tier labor market" w which those at the bottom lack the education and the professional/technical skills of those at the top and, more and more, fail to get comparable pay raises, health insurance coverage, and other benefits. Since 1975, practically all the gains w household income have gone to the top 20% of households. The response to the terrorist attacks of 11 wrzesien 2001 showed the remarkable resilience of the economy. The war w marzec-kwiecien 2003 between a US-led coalition and Irak, and the subsequent occupation of Irak, required major shifts w national resources to the military. The rise w Produkt krajowy brutto w 2004-07 was undergirded by substantial gains w labor productivity. Hurricane Katrina caused extensive damage w the Gulf Coast region w sierpien 2005, but had a small impact on overall Produkt krajowy brutto growth dla the year. Soaring oil prices w 2005-2007 threatened inflation and unemployment, yet the economy continued to grow through year-end 2007. Imported oil accounts dla about two-thirds of US consumption. Long-term problems include inadequate investment w economic infrastructure, rapidly rising medical and pension costs of an aging population, sizable trade and budget deficits, and stagnation of family income w the lower economic groups. The merchandise trade deficit reached a record $847 billion w 2007. Together, these problems caused a marked reduction w the value and status of the dollar worldwide w 2007. | The government of Zimbabwe faces a wide variety of difficult economic problems as it struggles z an unsustainable fiscal deficit, an overvalued official exchange rate, hyperinflation, and bare store shelves. Its 1998-2002 involvement w the war w the Democratic Republic of the Congo drained hundreds of millions of dollars from the economy. The government's land reform program, characterized by chaos and violence, has badly damaged the commercial farming sector, the traditional source of exports and foreign exchange and the provider of 400,000 jobs, turning Zimbabwe into a net importer of food products. Badly needed support from the IMF has been suspended because of the government's arrears on past loans and the government's unwillingness to enact reforms that would stabilize the economy. The Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe routinely prints money to fund the budget deficit, causing the official annual inflation rate to rise from 32% w 1998, to 133% w 2004, 585% w 2005, passed 1000% w 2006, and 26000% w listopad 2007. Private sector estimates of inflation w 2007 are well above 100,000%. Meanwhile, the official exchange rate fell from approximately 1 (revalued) Zimbabwean dollar per US dollar w 2003 to 30,000 per US dollar w 2007. |
| Elektrycznosc - konsumpcja | 3.816 trillion kWh (2005) | 12.27 billion kWh (2005) |
| Elektrycznosc - eksport | 19.8 billion kWh (2005) | 0 kWh (2005) |
| Elektrycznosc - import | 44.53 billion kWh (2005) | 3.013 billion kWh (2005) |
| Elektrycznosc - produkcja | 4.062 trillion kWh (2005) | 9.95 billion kWh (2005) |
| Skrajne punkty wysokosci | lowest point: Death Valley -86 m
highest point: Mount McKinley 6,198 m |
lowest point: junction of the Runde and Save rivers 162 m
highest point: Inyangani 2,592 m |
| Srodowisko - obecne problemy | air pollution resulting w acid rain w both the US and Kanada; the US is the largest single emitter of carbon dioxide from the burning of fossil fuels; water pollution from runoff of pesticides and fertilizers; limited natural fresh water resources w much of the western part of the country require careful management; desertification | deforestation; soil erosion; land degradation; air and water pollution; the black rhinoceros herd - once the largest concentration of the species w the world - has been significantly reduced by poaching; poor mining practices have led to toxic waste and heavy metal pollution |
| Srodowisko - miedzynarodowe umowy | party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Seals, Antarctic Treaty, Klimat Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling
signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Biodiversity, Klimat Change-Kyoto Protocol, Hazardous Wastes |
party to: Biodiversity, Klimat Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements |
| Grupy etniczne | white 81.7%, black 12.9%, Asian 4.2%, Amerindian and Alaska native 1%, native Hawaiian and other Pacific islander 0.2% (2003 est.)
note: a separate listing dla Hispanic is not included because the US Census Bureau considers Hispanic to mean a person of Latin American descent (including persons of Kuban, Mexican, or Puerto Rican origin) living w the US who may be of any race or ethnic group (white, black, Asian, etc.) |
African 98% (Shona 82%, Ndebele 14%, other 2%), mixed and Asian 1%, white less than 1% |
| Kurs waluty | British pounds per US dollar: 0.4993 (2007), 0.5418 (2006), 0.5500 (2005), 0.5462 (2004), 0.6125 (2003)
Canadian dollars per US dollar: 1.0724 (2007), 1.1334 (2006), 1.2118 (2005), 1.3010 (2004), 1.4011 (2003) Japoniaese yen per US dollar: 117.99 (2007), 116.18 (2006) 110.22 (2005), 108.19 (2004), 115.93 (2003) euros per US dollar: 0.7345 (2007), 0.7964 (2006), 0.8041 (2005), 0.8054 (2004), 0.8860 (2003) Chinese yuan per US dollar: 7.61 (2007), 7.97 (2006), 8.1943 (2005), 8.2768 (2004), 8.2770 (2003) |
Zimbabwean dollars per US dollar - 30,000 (2007), 162.07 (2006), 77.965 (2005), 5.729 (2004), 0.824 (2003)
note: these are official exchange rates; non-official rates vary significantly |
| Wladza wykonawcza | chief of state: President George W. BUSH (since 20 styczen 2001); Vice President Richard B. CHENEY (since 20 styczen 2001); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government
head of government: President George W. BUSH (since 20 styczen 2001); Vice President Richard B. CHENEY (since 20 styczen 2001) cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president z Senate approval elections: president and vice president elected on the same ticket by a college of representatives who are elected directly from each state; president and vice president serve four-year terms (eligible dla a second term); election last held 2 listopad 2004 (next to be held on 4 listopad 2008) election results: George W. BUSH reelected president; percent of popular vote - George W. BUSH 50.9%, John KERRY 48.1%, other 1.0% |
chief of state: Executive President Robert Gabriel MUGABE (since 31 grudzien 1987); Vice President Joseph MSIKA (since grudzien 1999) and Vice President Joyce MUJURU (since 6 grudzien 2004); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government
head of government: Executive President Robert Gabriel MUGABE (since 31 grudzien 1987); Vice President Joseph MSIKA (since grudzien 1999) and Vice President Joyce MUJURU (since 6 grudzien 2004) cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president; responsible to the House of Assembly elections: presidential candidates nominated z a nomination paper signed by at least 10 registered voters (at least one from each province) and elected by popular vote dla a five-year term (no term limits); election last held 9-11 marzec 2002 (next to be held 28 marzec 2008); co-vice presidents appointed by the president election results: Robert Gabriel MUGABE reelected president; percent of vote - Robert Gabriel MUGABE 56.2%, Morgan TSVANGIRAI 41.9% |
| Eksport | 1.048 million bbl/day (2004) | 0 bbl/day (2004 est.) |
| Eksport - towary | agricultural products (soybeans, fruit, corn) 9.2%, industrial supplies (organic chemicals) 26.8%, capital goods (transistors, aircraft, motor vehicle parts, computers, telecommunications equipment) 49.0%, consumer goods (automobiles, medicines) 15.0% (2003) | platinum, cotton, tobacco, gold, ferroalloys, textiles/clothing |
| Eksport - partnerzy | Kanada 22.2%, Meksyk 12.9%, Japonia 5.8%, Chiny 5.3%, UK 4.4% (2006) | Republika Poludniowej Afryki 24.8%, Democratic Republic of the Congo 17.6%, Botswana 15.7%, US 10.4% (2006) |
| Rok podatkowy | 1 pazdziernik - 30 wrzesien | rok kalendarzowy |
| Opis flagi | 13 equal horizontal stripes of red (top and bottom) alternating z white; there is a blue rectangle w the upper hoist-side corner bearing 50 small, white, five-pointed stars arranged w nine offset horizontal rows of six stars (top and bottom) alternating z rows of five stars; the 50 stars represent the 50 states, the 13 stripes represent the 13 original colonies; known as Old Glory; the design and colors have been the basis dla a number of other flags, including Chile, Liberia, Malezja, and Portoryko | seven equal horizontal bands of green, yellow, red, black, red, yellow, and green z a white isosceles triangle edged w black z its base on the hoist side; a yellow Zimbabwe bird representing the long history of the country is superimposed on a red five-pointed star w the center of the triangle, which symbolizes peace; green symbolizes agriculture, yellow - mineral wealth, red - blood shed to achieve independence, and black stands dla the native people |
| Produkt krajowy brutto - podzial wg galezi przemyslu | agriculture: 0.9%
industry: 20.6% services: 78.5% (2007 est.) |
agriculture: 16.7%
industry: 21.6% services: 61.6% (2007 est.) |
| Produkt krajowy brutto - realny wspolczynnik wzrostu | 2.2% (2007 est.) | -6% (2007 est.) |
| Koordynaty geograficzne | 38 00 N, 97 00 W | 20 00 S, 30 00 E |
| Polozenie geograficzne | world's third-largest country by size (after Rosja and Kanada) and by population (after Chiny and Indie); Mt. McKinley is highest point w North America and Death Valley the lowest point on the continent | landlocked; the Zambezi forms a natural riverine boundary z Zambia; w full flood (February-April) the massive Victoria Falls on the river forms the world's largest curtain of falling water |
| Ladowiska helikopterow | 146 (2007) | - |
| Domowy dochód albo konsumpcja wg podzialu procentowego | lowest 10%: 2%
highest 10%: 30% (2007 est.) |
lowest 10%: 2%
highest 10%: 40.4% (1995) |
| Narkotyki | world's largest consumer of cocaine, shipped from Kolumbia through Meksyk and the Caribbean; consumer of ecstasy and of Mexican heroin, marijuana and methamphetamine; minor consumer of high-quality Southeast Asian heroin; illicit producer of cannabis, marijuana, depressants, stimulants, hallucinogens, and methamphetamine; money-laundering center | transit point dla cannabis and South Asian heroin, mandrax, and methamphetamines en route to Republika Poludniowej Afryki |
| Import | 13.15 million bbl/day (2004) | 13,370 bbl/day (2004 est.) |
| Import - towary | agricultural products 4.9%, industrial supplies 32.9% (crude oil 8.2%), capital goods 30.4% (computers, telecommunications equipment, motor vehicle parts, office machines, electric power machinery), consumer goods 31.8% (automobiles, clothing, medicines, furniture, toys) (2003) | machinery and transport equipment, other manufactures, chemicals, fuels |
| Import - partnerzy | Kanada 16%, Chiny 15.9%, Meksyk 10.4%, Japonia 7.9%, Niemcy 4.8% (2006) | Republika Poludniowej Afryki 40.8%, Zambia 29.6%, US 4.9% (2006) |
| Niepodleglosc | 4 lipiec 1776 (from Great Britain) | 18 kwiecien 1980 (from UK) |
| Wspolczynnik wzrostu produkcji w przemysle | 0.5% (2007 est.) | 0.5% (2007 est.) |
| Przemysl | leading industrial power w the world, highly diversified and technologically advanced; petroleum, steel, motor vehicles, aerospace, telecommunications, chemicals, electronics, food processing, consumer goods, lumber, mining | mining (coal, gold, platinum, copper, nickel, tin, clay, numerous metallic and nonmetallic ores), steel; wood products, cement, chemicals, fertilizer, clothing and footwear, foodstuffs, beverages |
| Wspolczynnik umieralnosci noworodkow | total: 6.37 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 7.02 deaths/1,000 live births female: 5.68 deaths/1,000 live births (2007 est.) |
total: 51.12 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 53.87 deaths/1,000 live births female: 48.29 deaths/1,000 live births (2007 est.) |
| Inflacja | 2.7% (2007 est.) | 26,470% official data; private sector estimates are much higher (2007) |
| Czlonek miedzynarodowych organizacji | ADB (nonregional members), AfDB, ANZUS, APEC, Arctic Council, ARF, ASEAN (dialogue partner), Australia Group, BIS, BSEC (observer), CBSS (observer), CE (observer), CERN (observer), CP, EAPC, EBRD, FAO, G-5, G-7, G-8, G-10, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt (signatory), ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC, MIGA, MINUSTAH, NAFTA, NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS, OECD, OPCW, OSCE, Paris Club, PCA, PIF (partner), SAARC (observer), SECI (observer), SPC, UN, UN Security Council, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNITAR, UNMEE, UNMIL, UNOMIG, UNRWA, UNTSO, UPU, WCL, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC | ACP, AfDB, AU, COMESA, FAO, G-15, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt (signatory), ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC, MIGA, NAM, OPCW, PCA, SADC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNMIS, UNOCI, UNWTO, UPU, WCL, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO |
| Nawadniane tereny | 223,850 sq km (2003) | 1,740 sq km (2003) |
| Sadownictwo | Supreme Court (nine justices; nominated by the president and confirmed z the advice and consent of the Senate; appointed to serve dla life); Stany Zjednoczone Courts of Appeal; Stany Zjednoczone District Courts; State and County Courts | Supreme Court; High Court |
| Sila robocza | 153.1 million (includes unemployed) (2007 est.) | 3.998 million (2007 est.) |
| Sila robocza - wg galezi gospodarki | farming, forestry, and fishing 0.6%, manufacturing, extraction, transportation, and crafts 22.6%, managerial, professional, and technical 35.5%, sales and office 24.8%, other services 16.5%
note: figures exclude the unemployed (2007) |
agriculture: 66%
industry: 10% services: 24% (1996) |
| Granica | total: 12,034 km
border countries: Kanada 8,893 km (including 2,477 km z Alaska), Meksyk 3,141 km note: US Naval Base at Guantanamo Bay, Kuba is leased by the US and is part of Kuba; the base boundary is 28 km |
total: 3,066 km
border countries: Botswana 813 km, Mozambik 1,231 km, Republika Poludniowej Afryki 225 km, Zambia 797 km |
| Zagospodarowanie terenu | arable land: 18.01%
permanent crops: 0.21% other: 81.78% (2005) |
arable land: 8.24%
permanent crops: 0.33% other: 91.43% (2005) |
| Jezyki | English 82.1%, Spanish 10.7%, other Indo-European 3.8%, Asian and Pacific island 2.7%, other 0.7% (2000 census)
note: Hawaiian is an official language w the state of Hawaii |
English (official), Shona, Sindebele (the language of the Ndebele, sometimes called Ndebele), numerous but minor tribal dialects |
| System prawny | federal court system based on English common law; each state has its own unique legal system, of which all but one (Louisiana, which is still influenced by the Napoleonic Code) is based on English common law; judicial review of legislative acts; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction | mixture of Roman-Dutch and English common law |
| Wladza ustawodawcza | bicameral Congress consists of the Senate (100 seats, 2 members are elected from each state by popular vote to serve six-year terms; one-third are elected every two years) and the House of Representatives (435 seats; members are directly elected by popular vote to serve two-year terms)
elections: Senate - last held 7 listopad 2006 (next to be held listopad 2008); House of Representatives - last held 7 listopad 2006 (next to be held listopad 2008) election results: Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - Democratic Party 49, Republican Party 49, independent 2; House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - Democratic Party 233, Republican Party 202 |
bicameral Parliament consists of a Senate (93 seats - 60 elected by popular vote dla a five-year term, 10 provincial governors nominated by the president, 16 provincial chiefs appointed by the president and deputy president from all provinces except Harare and Bulawayo, and 7 appointed by the president) and a House of Assembly (210 seats - all elected by popular vote dla five-year terms)
elections: Senate last held 26 listopad 2005 (next to be held 28 marzec 2008; House of Assembly last held 31 marzec 2005 (next to be held 28 marzec 2008) election results: Senate - percent of vote by party - ZANU-PF 73.7%, MDC 20.3%, other 4.4%, independents 1.6%; seats by party - ZANU-PF 43, MDC 7; House of Assembly - percent of vote by party - ZANU-PF 59.6%, MDC 39.5%, other 0.9%; seats by party - ZANU-PF 78, MDC 41, independents 1 |
| Zywotnosc | total population: 78 years
male: 75.15 years female: 80.97 years (2007 est.) |
total population: 39.5 years
male: 40.62 years female: 38.35 years (2007 est.) |
| Pismienni | definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 99% male: 99% female: 99% (2003 est.) |
definition: age 15 and over can read and write English
total population: 90.7% male: 94.2% female: 87.2% (2003 est.) |
| Lokalizacja | North America, bordering both the North Ocean Atlantycki and the North Ocean Spokojny, between Kanada and Meksyk | Southern Africa, between Republika Poludniowej Afryki and Zambia |
| Lokalizacja na mapie | North America | Africa |
| Morskie obszary | territorial sea: 12 nm
contiguous zone: 24 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm continental shelf: not specified |
none (landlocked) |
| Flota handlowa | total: 446 ships (1000 GRT or over) 10,308,428 GRT/12,616,742 DWT
by type: barge carrier 6, bulk carrier 64, cargo 82, carrier 2, chemical tanker 20, container 82, passenger 20, passenger/cargo 60, petroleum tanker 59, refrigerated cargo 4, roll on/roll off 26, specialized tanker 1, vehicle carrier 20 foreign-owned: 67 (Australia 2, Kanada 4, Dania 29, Niemcy 6, Malezja 4, Holandia 1, Norwegia 4, Singapur 11, Szwecja 5, UK 1) registered w other countries: 785 (Antigua i Barbuda 8, Australia 5, Bahamas 162, Belize 3, Bermudy 23, Kambodza 6, Kanada 3, Kajmany 41, Komory 2, Cypr 8, Ekwador 1, Grecja 10, Honduras 1, Hong Kong 22, Irlandia 2, Wyspa Man 4, Wlochy 16, Liberia 103, South Korea 7, Luksemburg 3, Malta 11, Wyspy Marshalla 129, Holandia 13, Antyle Holenderskie 1, Norwegia 18, Panama 115, Peru 1, Portugalia 1, Portoryko 3, Rosja 1, Singapur 17, Hiszpania 9, St Vincent and The Grenadines 21, Szwecja 1, Trynidad i Tobago 1, Tuvalu 1, UK 11, Vanuatu 1, unknown 4) (2007) |
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| Wojsko | Army, Navy and Marine Corps, Air Force, and Coast Guard; note - Coast Guard administered w peacetime by the Department of Homeland Security, but w wartime reports to the Department of the Navy | Zimbabwe Defense Forces (ZDF): Zimbabwe National Army, Air Force of Zimbabwe (AFZ), Zimbabwe Republic Police (2005) |
| Wojsko - wydatki (procent PKB) | 4.06% (2005 est.) | 3.8% (2006) |
| Swieto narodowe | Niepodleglosc Day, 4 lipiec (1776) | Niepodleglosc Day, 18 kwiecien (1980) |
| Narodowosc | noun: American(s)
adjective: American |
noun: Zimbabwean(s)
adjective: Zimbabwean |
| Naturalne zagrozenia | tsunamis, volcanoes, and earthquake activity around Pacific Basin; hurricanes along the Atlantic and Gulf of Meksyk coasts; tornadoes w the midwest and southeast; mud slides w California; forest fires w the west; flooding; permafrost w northern Alaska, a major impediment to development | recurring droughts; floods and severe storms are rare |
| Surowce naturalne | coal, copper, lead, molybdenum, phosphates, uranium, bauxite, gold, iron, mercury, nickel, potash, silver, tungsten, zinc, petroleum, natural gas, timber | coal, chromium ore, asbestos, gold, nickel, copper, iron ore, vanadium, lithium, tin, platinum group metals |
| Wspolczynnik migracji | 3.05 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2007 est.) | 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population
note: there is an increasing flow of Zimbabweans into Republika Poludniowej Afryki and Botswana w search of better economic opportunities (2007 est.) |
| Rurociagi | petroleum products 244,620 km; natural gas 548,665 km (2006) | refined products 270 km (2007) |
| Partie polityczne i przywodcy | Democratic Party [Howard DEAN]; Green Party; Libertarian Party [William (Bill) REDPATH]; Republican Party [Robert M. (Mike) DUNCAN] | African National Party or ANP [Egipt DZINEMUNHENZVA]; Movement dla Democratic Change or MDC [Morgan TSVANGIRAI, anti-Senate faction; Arthur MUTAMBARA, pro-Senate faction]; Peace Action is Freedom dla All or PAFA; United Parties [Abel MUZOREWA]; United People's Party or UPP [Daniel SHUMBA]; Zimbabwe African National Union-Ndonga or ZANU-Ndonga [Wilson KUMBULA]; Zimbabwe African National Union-Patriotic Front or ZANU-PF [Robert Gabriel MUGABE]; Zimbabwe African Peoples Union or ZAPU [Agrippa MADLELA]; Zimbabwe Youth w Alliance or ZIYA |
| Przesladowania polityczne ugrupowan oraz liderow | NA | Crisis w Zimbabwe Coalition [Xolani ZITHA]; National Konstytucjaal Assembly or NCA [Lovemore MADHUKU]; Women of Zimbabwe Arise or WOZA [Jenny WILLIAMS]; Zimbabwe Congress of Trade Unions or ZCTU [Wellington CHIBEBE] |
| Ludnosc | 301,139,947 (lipiec 2007 est.) | 12,311,143
note: estimates dla this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result w lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes w the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (lipiec 2007 est.) |
| Ludnosc zyjaca na skraju ubostwa | 12% (2004 est.) | 68% (2004) |
| Przyrost naturalny | 0.894% (2007 est.) | 0.595% (2007 est.) |
| Stacje radiowe | AM 4,789, FM 8,961, shortwave 19 (2006) | AM 7, FM 20 (plus 17 repeater stations), shortwave 1 (1998) |
| Linie kolejowe | total: 226,612 km
standard gauge: 226,612 km 1.435-m gauge (2005) |
total: 3,077 km
narrow gauge: 3,077 km 1.067-m gauge (313 km electrified) (2006) |
| Religie | Protestant 51.3%, Roman Catholic 23.9%, Mormon 1.7%, other Christian 1.6%, Jewish 1.7%, Buddhist 0.7%, Muslim 0.6%, other or unspecified 2.5%, unaffiliated 12.1%, none 4% (2007 est.) | syncretic (part Christian, part indigenous beliefs) 50%, Christian 25%, indigenous beliefs 24%, Muslim and other 1% |
| Wspolczynnik plci | at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.046 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.996 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.721 male(s)/female total population: 0.967 male(s)/female (2007 est.) |
at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.019 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.006 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.854 male(s)/female total population: 1.005 male(s)/female (2007 est.) |
| Prawo wyborcze | 18 years of age; universal | 18 years of age; universal |
| System telefoniczny | general assessment: a large, technologically advanced, multipurpose communications system
domestic: a large system of fiber-optic cable, microwave radio relay, coaxial cable, and domestic satellites carries every form of telephone traffic; a rapidly growing cellular system carries mobile telephone traffic throughout the country international: country code - 1; multiple ocean cable systems provide international connectivity; satellite earth stations - 61 Intelsat (45 Ocean Atlantycki and 16 Ocean Spokojny), 5 Intersputnik (Ocean Atlantycki region), and 4 Inmarsat (Pacific and Ocean Atlantycki regions) (2000) |
general assessment: system was once one of the best w Africa, but now suffers from poor maintenance; more than 100,000 outstanding requests dla connection despite an equally large number of installed but unused main lines
domestic: consists of microwave radio relay links, open-wire lines, radiotelephone communication stations, fixed wireless local loop installations, and a substantial mobile cellular network; Internet connection is available w Harare and planned dla all major towns and dla some of the smaller ones international: country code - 263; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat; 2 international digital gateway exchanges (in Harare and Gweru) |
| Telefony - wykorzystywane linie telefoniczne | 172 million (2006) | 331,700 (2006) |
| Telefony komorkowe | 233 million (2006) | 832,500 (2006) |
| Stacje telewizyjne | 2,218 (2006) | 16 (1997) |
| Uksztaltowanie terenu | vast central plain, mountains w west, hills and low mountains w east; rugged mountains and broad river valleys w Alaska; rugged, volcanic topography w Hawaii | mostly high plateau z higher central plateau (high veld); mountains w east |
| Wspolczynnik nardzin przypadajacy na kobiety | 2.09 children born/woman (2007 est.) | 3.08 children born/woman (2007 est.) |
| Wspolczynnik bezrobocia | 4.6% (2007 est.) | 80% (2005 est.) |
| Drogi wodne | 41,009 km (19,312 km used dla commerce)
note: Saint Lawrence Seaway of 3,769 km, including the Saint Lawrence River of 3,058 km, shared z Kanada (2007) |
on Lake Kariba (2005) |
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