Palmyra Atoll (2008) | Coral Sea Islands (2008) | |
Airports | 1 (2007) | - |
Airports - with unpaved runways | total: 1
1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2007) |
- |
Area | total: 11.9 sq km
land: 11.9 sq km water: 0 sq km |
total: less than 3 sq km
land: less than 3 sq km water: 0 sq km note: includes numerous small islands and reefs scattered over a sea area of about 780,000 sq km, with the Willis Islets the most important |
Area - comparative | about 20 times the size of The Mall in Washington, DC | NA |
Background | The Kingdom of Hawaii claimed the atoll in 1862, and the US included it among the Hawaiian Islands when it annexed the archipelago in 1898. The Hawaii Statehood Act of 1959 did not include Palmyra Atoll, which is now privately owned by the Nature Conservancy. This organization is managing the atoll as a nature preserve. The lagoons and surrounding waters within the 12 nautical mile US territorial seas were transferred to the US Fish and Wildlife Service and were designated a National Wildlife Refuge in January 2001. | Scattered over more than three-quarters of a million square kilometers of ocean, the Coral Sea Islands were declared a territory of Australia in 1969. They are uninhabited except for a small meteorological staff on the Willis Islets. Automated weather stations, beacons, and a lighthouse occupy many other islands and reefs. |
Climate | equatorial, hot, and very rainy | tropical |
Coastline | 14.5 km | 3,095 km |
Country name | conventional long form: none
conventional short form: Palmyra Atoll |
conventional long form: Coral Sea Islands Territory
conventional short form: Coral Sea Islands |
Dependency status | incorporated territory of the US; privately owned, but administered from Washington, DC, by the Fish and Wildlife Service of the US Department of the Interior; the Office of Insular Affairs of the US Department of the Interior continues to administer nine excluded areas comprising certain tidal and submerged lands within the 12 nm territorial sea or within the lagoon | territory of Australia; administered from Canberra by the Australian Attorney-General's Department |
Diplomatic representation from the US | - | none (territory of Australia) |
Diplomatic representation in the US | - | none (territory of Australia) |
Disputes - international | none | none |
Economy - overview | no economic activity | no economic activity |
Elevation extremes | lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m
highest point: unnamed location 2 m |
lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m
highest point: unnamed location on Cato Island 6 m |
Environment - current issues | NA | no permanent fresh water resources |
Executive branch | - | administered from Canberra by the Australian Attorney-General's Department |
Flag description | the flag of the US is used | the flag of Australia is used |
Geographic coordinates | 5 52 N, 162 04 W | 18 00 S, 152 00 E |
Geography - note | about 50 islets covered with dense vegetation, coconut trees, and balsa-like trees up to 30 meters tall | important nesting area for birds and turtles |
Irrigated land | - | 0 sq km |
Land boundaries | 0 km | 0 km |
Land use | arable land: 0%
permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (forests and woodlands) (2005) |
arable land: 0%
permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (mostly grass or scrub cover) (2005) |
Legal system | the laws of the US, where applicable, apply | the laws of Australia, where applicable, apply |
Location | Oceania, atoll in the North Pacific Ocean, about half way between Hawaii and American Samoa | Oceania, islands in the Coral Sea, northeast of Australia |
Map references | Oceania | Oceania |
Maritime claims | territorial sea: 12 nm
exclusive economic zone: 200 nm |
territorial sea: 3 nm
exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm |
Military - note | defense is the responsibility of the US | defense is the responsibility of Australia; visited regularly by the Royal Australian Navy; Australia has control over the activities of visitors |
Natural hazards | NA | occasional tropical cyclones |
Natural resources | terrestrial and aquatic wildlife | NEGL |
Population | no indigenous inhabitants
note: 4 to 20 Nature Conservancy staff, US Fish and Wildlife staff (July 2007 est.) |
no indigenous inhabitants
note: there is a staff of three to four at the meteorological station on Willis Island (July 2007 est.) |
Terrain | very low | sand and coral reefs and islands (or cays) |