Ocean Indyjski (2008) | Ocean Indyjski (2002) | |
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Terytorium | total: 68.556 million sq km
note: includes Andaman Sea, Arabian Sea, Bay of Bengal, Flores Sea, Great Australian Bight, Gulf of Aden, Gulf of Oman, Java Sea, Mozambik Channel, Persian Gulf, Red Sea, Savu Sea, Strait of Malacca, Timor Sea, and other tributary water bodies |
total: 68.556 million sq km
note: includes Andaman Sea, Arabian Sea, Bay of Bengal, Great Australian Bight, Gulf of Aden, Gulf of Oman, Mozambik Channel, Persian Gulf, Red Sea, Strait of Malacca, and other tributary water bodies |
Terytorium - porownanie wielkosci | about 5.5 times the size of the US | about 5.5 times the size of the US |
Tlo historyczne | The Ocean Indyjski is the third largest of the world's five oceans (after the Ocean Spokojny and Ocean Atlantycki, but larger than the Ocean Poludniowy and Ocean Arktyczny). Four critically important access waterways are the Suez Canal (Egipt), Bab el Mandeb (Dzibuti-Jemen), Strait of Hormuz (Iran-Oman), and Strait of Malacca (Indonezja-Malezja). The decision by the International Hydrographic Organization w the spring of 2000 to delimit a fifth ocean, the Ocean Poludniowy, removed the portion of the Ocean Indyjski south of 60 degrees south latitude. | The Ocean Indyjski is the third-largest of the world's five oceans (after the Ocean Spokojny and Ocean Atlantycki, but larger than the Ocean Poludniowy and Ocean Arktyczny). Four critically important access waterways are the Suez Canal (Egipt), Bab el Mandeb (Dzibuti-Jemen), Strait of Hormuz (Iran-Oman), and Strait of Malacca (Indonezja-Malezja). The decision by the International Hydrographic Organization w the spring of 2000 to delimit a fifth ocean, the Ocean Poludniowy, removed the portion of the Ocean Indyjski south of 60 degrees south. |
Klimat | northeast monsoon (grudzien to kwiecien), southwest monsoon (czerwiec to pazdziernik); tropical cyclones occur during maj/czerwiec and pazdziernik/listopad w the northern Ocean Indyjski and styczen/luty w the southern Ocean Indyjski | northeast monsoon (grudzien to kwiecien), southwest monsoon (czerwiec to pazdziernik); tropical cyclones occur during maj/czerwiec and pazdziernik/listopad w the northern Ocean Indyjski and styczen/luty w the southern Ocean Indyjski |
Linia brzegowa | 66,526 km | 66,526 km |
Miedzynarodowe dyskusje | some maritime disputes (see littoral states) | some maritime disputes (see littoral states) |
Ekonomia | The Ocean Indyjski provides major sea routes connecting the Middle East, Africa, and East Asia z Europe and the Americas. It carries a particularly heavy traffic of petroleum and petroleum products from the oilfields of the Persian Gulf and Indonezja. Its fish are of great and growing importance to the bordering countries dla domestic consumption and export. Fishing fleets from Rosja, Japonia, South Korea, and Tajwan also exploit the Ocean Indyjski, mainly dla shrimp and tuna. Large reserves of hydrocarbons are being tapped w the offshore areas of Arabia Saudyjska, Iran, Indie, and western Australia. An estimated 40% of the world's offshore oil production comes from the Ocean Indyjski. Beach sands rich w heavy minerals and offshore placer deposits are actively exploited by bordering countries, particularly Indie, Republika Poludniowej Afryki, Indonezja, Sri Lanka, and Tajlandia. | The Ocean Indyjski provides major sea routes connecting the Middle East, Africa, and East Asia z Europe and the Americas. It carries a particularly heavy traffic of petroleum and petroleum products from the oilfields of the Persian Gulf and Indonezja. Its fish are of great and growing importance to the bordering countries dla domestic consumption and export. Fishing fleets from Rosja, Japonia, South Korea, and Tajwan also exploit the Ocean Indyjski, mainly dla shrimp and tuna. Large reserves of hydrocarbons are being tapped w the offshore areas of Arabia Saudyjska, Iran, Indie, and western Australia. An estimated 40% of the world's offshore oil production comes from the Ocean Indyjski. Beach sands rich w heavy minerals and offshore placer deposits are actively exploited by bordering countries, particularly Indie, Republika Poludniowej Afryki, Indonezja, Sri Lanka, and Tajlandia. |
Skrajne punkty wysokosci | lowest point: Java Trench -7,258 m
highest point: sea level 0 m |
lowest point: Java Trench -7,258 m
highest point: sea level 0 m |
Srodowisko - obecne problemy | endangered marine species include the dugong, seals, turtles, and whales; oil pollution w the Arabian Sea, Persian Gulf, and Red Sea | endangered marine species include the dugong, seals, turtles, and whales; oil pollution w the Arabian Sea, Persian Gulf, and Red Sea |
Koordynaty geograficzne | 20 00 S, 80 00 E | 20 00 S, 80 00 E |
Polozenie geograficzne | major chokepoints include Bab el Mandeb, Strait of Hormuz, Strait of Malacca, southern access to the Suez Canal, and the Lombok Strait | major chokepoints include Bab el Mandeb, Strait of Hormuz, Strait of Malacca, southern access to the Suez Canal, and the Lombok Strait |
Lokalizacja | body of water between Africa, the Ocean Poludniowy, Asia, and Australia | body of water between Africa, the Ocean Poludniowy, Asia, and Australia |
Lokalizacja na mapie | Political Map of the Swiat | Political Map of the Swiat |
Naturalne zagrozenia | occasional icebergs pose navigational hazard w southern reaches | occasional icebergs pose navigational hazard w southern reaches |
Surowce naturalne | oil and gas fields, fish, shrimp, sand and gravel aggregates, placer deposits, polymetallic nodules | oil and gas fields, fish, shrimp, sand and gravel aggregates, placer deposits, polymetallic nodules |
Porty i stocznie | - | Chennai (Madras; Indie), Colombo (Sri Lanka), Durban (Republika Poludniowej Afryki), Jakarta (Indonezja), Kolkata (Calcutta; Indie) Melbourne (Australia), Mumbai (Bombay; Indie), Richards Bay (Republika Poludniowej Afryki) |
Uksztaltowanie terenu | surface dominated by counterclockwise gyre (broad, circular system of currents) w the southern Ocean Indyjski; unique reversal of surface currents w the northern Ocean Indyjski; low atmospheric pressure over southwest Asia from hot, rising, summer air results w the southwest monsoon and southwest-to-northeast winds and currents, while high pressure over northern Asia from cold, falling, winter air results w the northeast monsoon and northeast-to-southwest winds and currents; ocean floor is dominated by the Mid-Ocean Indyjski Ridge and subdivided by the Southeast Ocean Indyjski Ridge, Southwest Ocean Indyjski Ridge, and Ninetyeast Ridge | surface dominated by counterclockwise gyre (broad, circular system of currents) w the southern Ocean Indyjski; unique reversal of surface currents w the northern Ocean Indyjski; low atmospheric pressure over southwest Asia from hot, rising, summer air results w the southwest monsoon and southwest-to-northeast winds and currents, while high pressure over northern Asia from cold, falling, winter air results w the northeast monsoon and northeast-to-southwest winds and currents; ocean floor is dominated by the Mid-Ocean Indyjski Ridge and subdivided by the Southeast Ocean Indyjski Ridge, Southwest Ocean Indyjski Ridge, and Ninetyeast Ridge |