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 Niue (2003)Niue (2003)
 NiueNiue
Administrative divisions none; note - there are no first-order administrative divisions as defined by the US Government, but there are 14 villages at the second order none; note - there are no first-order administrative divisions as defined by the US Government, but there are 14 villages at the second order
Age structure 0-14 years: NA%


15-64 years: NA%


65 years and over: NA% (2003 est.)
0-14 years: NA%


15-64 years: NA%


65 years and over: NA% (2003 est.)
Agriculture - products coconuts, passion fruit, honey, limes, taro, yams, cassava (tapioca), sweet potatoes; pigs, poultry, beef cattle coconuts, passion fruit, honey, limes, taro, yams, cassava (tapioca), sweet potatoes; pigs, poultry, beef cattle
Airports 1 (2002) 1 (2002)
Airports - with paved runways total: 1


1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2002)
total: 1


1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2002)
Area total: 260 sq km


land: 260 sq km


water: 0 sq km
total: 260 sq km


land: 260 sq km


water: 0 sq km
Area - comparative 1.5 times the size of Washington, DC 1.5 times the size of Washington, DC
Background Niue's remoteness, as well as cultural and linguistic differences between its Polynesian inhabitants and those of the rest of the Cook Islands, have caused it to be separately administered. The population of the island continues to drop (from a peak of 5,200 in 1966 to about 2,100 in 2002), with substantial emigration to New Zealand, 2,400 km to the southwest. Niue's remoteness, as well as cultural and linguistic differences between its Polynesian inhabitants and those of the rest of the Cook Islands, have caused it to be separately administered. The population of the island continues to drop (from a peak of 5,200 in 1966 to about 2,100 in 2002), with substantial emigration to New Zealand, 2,400 km to the southwest.
Birth rate NA births/1,000 population (2003 est.) NA births/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Budget revenues: $NA


expenditures: $NA, including capital expenditures of $NA
revenues: $NA


expenditures: $NA, including capital expenditures of $NA
Capital Alofi Alofi
Climate tropical; modified by southeast trade winds tropical; modified by southeast trade winds
Coastline 64 km 64 km
Constitution 19 October 1974 (Niue Constitution Act) 19 October 1974 (Niue Constitution Act)
Country name conventional long form: none


conventional short form: Niue


former: Savage Island
conventional long form: none


conventional short form: Niue


former: Savage Island
Currency New Zealand dollar (NZD) New Zealand dollar (NZD)
Death rate NA deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.) NA deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Debt - external $418,000 (2002 est.) $418,000 (2002 est.)
Dependency status self-governing in free association with New Zealand since 1974; Niue fully responsible for internal affairs; New Zealand retains responsibility for external affairs and defense; however, these responsibilities confer no rights of control and are only exercised at the request of the Government of Niue self-governing in free association with New Zealand since 1974; Niue fully responsible for internal affairs; New Zealand retains responsibility for external affairs and defense; however, these responsibilities confer no rights of control and are only exercised at the request of the Government of Niue
Diplomatic representation from the US none (self-governing territory in free association with New Zealand) none (self-governing territory in free association with New Zealand)
Diplomatic representation in the US none (self-governing territory in free association with New Zealand) none (self-governing territory in free association with New Zealand)
Disputes - international none none
Economic aid - recipient $2.6 million from New Zealand (2002) $2.6 million from New Zealand (2002)
Economy - overview The economy suffers from the typical Pacific island problems of geographic isolation, few resources, and a small population. Government expenditures regularly exceed revenues, and the shortfall is made up by critically needed grants from New Zealand that are used to pay wages to public employees. Niue has cut government expenditures by reducing the public service by almost half. The agricultural sector consists mainly of subsistence gardening, although some cash crops are grown for export. Industry consists primarily of small factories to process passion fruit, lime oil, honey, and coconut cream. The sale of postage stamps to foreign collectors is an important source of revenue. The island in recent years has suffered a serious loss of population because of migration of Niueans to New Zealand. Efforts to increase GDP include the promotion of tourism and a financial services industry, although Premier LAKATANI announced in February 2002 that Niue will shut down the offshore banking industry. Economic aid from New Zealand in 2002 was about $2.6 million. The economy suffers from the typical Pacific island problems of geographic isolation, few resources, and a small population. Government expenditures regularly exceed revenues, and the shortfall is made up by critically needed grants from New Zealand that are used to pay wages to public employees. Niue has cut government expenditures by reducing the public service by almost half. The agricultural sector consists mainly of subsistence gardening, although some cash crops are grown for export. Industry consists primarily of small factories to process passion fruit, lime oil, honey, and coconut cream. The sale of postage stamps to foreign collectors is an important source of revenue. The island in recent years has suffered a serious loss of population because of migration of Niueans to New Zealand. Efforts to increase GDP include the promotion of tourism and a financial services industry, although Premier LAKATANI announced in February 2002 that Niue will shut down the offshore banking industry. Economic aid from New Zealand in 2002 was about $2.6 million.
Electricity - consumption 2.79 million kWh (2001) 2.79 million kWh (2001)
Electricity - exports 0 kWh (2001) 0 kWh (2001)
Electricity - imports 0 kWh (2001) 0 kWh (2001)
Electricity - production 3 million kWh (2001) 3 million kWh (2001)
Electricity - production by source fossil fuel: 100%


hydro: 0%


nuclear: 0%


other: 0% (2001)
fossil fuel: 100%


hydro: 0%


nuclear: 0%


other: 0% (2001)
Elevation extremes lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m


highest point: unnamed location near Mutalau settlement 68 m
lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m


highest point: unnamed location near Mutalau settlement 68 m
Environment - current issues increasing attention to conservationist practices to counter loss of soil fertility from traditional slash and burn agriculture increasing attention to conservationist practices to counter loss of soil fertility from traditional slash and burn agriculture
Environment - international agreements party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification


signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification


signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea
Ethnic groups Polynesian (with some 200 Europeans, Samoans, and Tongans) Polynesian (with some 200 Europeans, Samoans, and Tongans)
Exchange rates New Zealand dollars per US dollar - 2.162 (2002), 2.3776 (2001), 2.1863 (2000), 1.8886 (1999), 1.8629 (1998) New Zealand dollars per US dollar - 2.162 (2002), 2.3776 (2001), 2.1863 (2000), 1.8886 (1999), 1.8629 (1998)
Executive branch chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); the UK and New Zealand are represented by New Zealand High Commissioner John BRYAN (since NA May 2000)


head of government: Premier Young VIVIAN (since 1 May 2002)


cabinet: Cabinet consists of the premier and three ministers


elections: the monarch is hereditary; premier elected by the Legislative Assembly for a three-year term; election last held 1 May 2002 (next to be held NA May 2005)


election results: Young VIVIAN elected premier; percent of Legislative Assembly vote - Young VIVIAN (NPP) 70%, Hunukitama HUNUKI (AI) 30%
chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); the UK and New Zealand are represented by New Zealand High Commissioner John BRYAN (since NA May 2000)


head of government: Premier Young VIVIAN (since 1 May 2002)


cabinet: Cabinet consists of the premier and three ministers


elections: the monarch is hereditary; premier elected by the Legislative Assembly for a three-year term; election last held 1 May 2002 (next to be held NA May 2005)


election results: Young VIVIAN elected premier; percent of Legislative Assembly vote - Young VIVIAN (NPP) 70%, Hunukitama HUNUKI (AI) 30%
Exports NA (2001) NA (2001)
Exports - commodities canned coconut cream, copra, honey, vanilla, passion fruit products, pawpaws, root crops, limes, footballs, stamps, handicrafts canned coconut cream, copra, honey, vanilla, passion fruit products, pawpaws, root crops, limes, footballs, stamps, handicrafts
Exports - partners NZ mainly, Fiji, Cook Islands, Australia (2000) NZ mainly, Fiji, Cook Islands, Australia (2000)
Fiscal year 1 April - 31 March 1 April - 31 March
Flag description yellow with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant; the flag of the UK bears five yellow five-pointed stars - a large one on a blue disk in the center and a smaller one on each arm of the bold red cross yellow with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant; the flag of the UK bears five yellow five-pointed stars - a large one on a blue disk in the center and a smaller one on each arm of the bold red cross
GDP purchasing power parity - $7.6 million (2000 est.) purchasing power parity - $7.6 million (2000 est.)
GDP - composition by sector agriculture: NA%


industry: NA%


services: 55%
agriculture: NA%


industry: NA%


services: 55%
GDP - per capita purchasing power parity - $3,600 (2000 est.) purchasing power parity - $3,600 (2000 est.)
GDP - real growth rate -0.3% (2000 est.) -0.3% (2000 est.)
Geographic coordinates 19 02 S, 169 52 W 19 02 S, 169 52 W
Geography - note one of world's largest coral islands one of world's largest coral islands
Highways total: 234 km


paved: 86 km


unpaved: 148 km (2001)
total: 234 km


paved: 86 km


unpaved: 148 km (2001)
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%: NA%


highest 10%: NA%
lowest 10%: NA%


highest 10%: NA%
Imports NA (2001) NA (2001)
Imports - commodities food, live animals, manufactured goods, machinery, fuels, lubricants, chemicals, drugs food, live animals, manufactured goods, machinery, fuels, lubricants, chemicals, drugs
Imports - partners NZ mainly, Fiji, Japan, Samoa, Australia, US (2000) NZ mainly, Fiji, Japan, Samoa, Australia, US (2000)
Independence on 19 October 1974, Niue became a self-governing parliamentary government in free association with New Zealand on 19 October 1974, Niue became a self-governing parliamentary government in free association with New Zealand
Industrial production growth rate NA% NA%
Industries tourism, handicrafts, food processing tourism, handicrafts, food processing
Infant mortality rate total: NA%


male: NA%


female: NA%
total: NA%


male: NA%


female: NA%
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 1% (1995) 1% (1995)
International organization participation ACP, ESCAP (associate), FAO, Sparteca, SPC, SPF, UNESCO, WHO, WMO ACP, ESCAP (associate), FAO, Sparteca, SPC, SPF, UNESCO, WHO, WMO
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) 1 (2000) 1 (2000)
Irrigated land NA sq km NA sq km
Judicial branch Supreme Court of New Zealand; High Court of Niue Supreme Court of New Zealand; High Court of Niue
Labor force NA NA
Labor force - by occupation most work on family plantations; paid work exists only in government service, small industry, and the Niue Development Board most work on family plantations; paid work exists only in government service, small industry, and the Niue Development Board
Land boundaries 0 km 0 km
Land use arable land: 19.23%


permanent crops: 7.69%


other: 73.08% (1998 est.)
arable land: 19.23%


permanent crops: 7.69%


other: 73.08% (1998 est.)
Languages Niuean, a Polynesian language closely related to Tongan and Samoan; English Niuean, a Polynesian language closely related to Tongan and Samoan; English
Legal system English common law


note: Niue is self-governing, with the power to make its own laws
English common law


note: Niue is self-governing, with the power to make its own laws
Legislative branch unicameral Legislative Assembly (20 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve three-year terms; six elected from a common roll and 14 are village representatives)


elections: last held 21 March 2002 (next to be held in March 2005)


election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - NPP 9, independents 11; note - all 20 seats were reelected
unicameral Legislative Assembly (20 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve three-year terms; six elected from a common roll and 14 are village representatives)


elections: last held 21 March 2002 (next to be held in March 2005)


election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - NPP 9, independents 11; note - all 20 seats were reelected
Life expectancy at birth total population: NA years


male: NA years


female: NA years (2003 est.)
total population: NA years


male: NA years


female: NA years (2003 est.)
Literacy definition: NA


total population: 95%


male: NA%


female: NA%
definition: NA


total population: 95%


male: NA%


female: NA%
Location Oceania, island in the South Pacific Ocean, east of Tonga Oceania, island in the South Pacific Ocean, east of Tonga
Map references Oceania Oceania
Maritime claims exclusive economic zone: 200 NM


territorial sea: 12 NM
exclusive economic zone: 200 NM


territorial sea: 12 NM
Merchant marine none (2002 est.) none (2002 est.)
Military - note defense is the responsibility of New Zealand defense is the responsibility of New Zealand
Military branches no regular indigenous military forces; Police Force no regular indigenous military forces; Police Force
National holiday Waitangi Day (Treaty of Waitangi established British sovereignty over New Zealand), 6 February (1840) Waitangi Day (Treaty of Waitangi established British sovereignty over New Zealand), 6 February (1840)
Nationality noun: Niuean(s)


adjective: Niuean
noun: Niuean(s)


adjective: Niuean
Natural hazards typhoons typhoons
Natural resources fish, arable land fish, arable land
Net migration rate NA migrant(s)/1,000 population (2003 est.) NA migrant(s)/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Political parties and leaders Niue People's Action Party or NPP [Young VIVIAN]; Alliance of Independents or AI [leader NA] Niue People's Action Party or NPP [Young VIVIAN]; Alliance of Independents or AI [leader NA]
Political pressure groups and leaders NA NA
Population 2,145 (July 2003 est.) 2,145 (July 2003 est.)
Population below poverty line NA% NA%
Population growth rate 0.01% (2003 est.) 0.01% (2003 est.)
Ports and harbors none; offshore anchorage only none; offshore anchorage only
Radio broadcast stations AM 1, FM 1, shortwave 0 (1998) AM 1, FM 1, shortwave 0 (1998)
Railways 0 km 0 km
Religions Ekalesia Niue (Niuean Church - a Protestant church closely related to the London Missionary Society) 75%, Latter-Day Saints 10%, other 15% (mostly Roman Catholic, Jehovah's Witnesses, Seventh-Day Adventist) Ekalesia Niue (Niuean Church - a Protestant church closely related to the London Missionary Society) 75%, Latter-Day Saints 10%, other 15% (mostly Roman Catholic, Jehovah's Witnesses, Seventh-Day Adventist)
Sex ratio NA (2003 est.) NA (2003 est.)
Suffrage 18 years of age; universal 18 years of age; universal
Telephone system domestic: single-line telephone system connects all villages on island


international: NA
domestic: single-line telephone system connects all villages on island


international: NA
Telephones - main lines in use 376 (1991) 376 (1991)
Telephones - mobile cellular 0 (1991) 0 (1991)
Television broadcast stations 1 (1997) 1 (1997)
Terrain steep limestone cliffs along coast, central plateau steep limestone cliffs along coast, central plateau
Total fertility rate NA children born/woman (2003 est.) NA children born/woman (2003 est.)
Unemployment rate NA% NA%
Waterways none none
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