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Compare Niue (2003) - Malaysia (2001)

Compare Niue (2003) z Malaysia (2001)

 Niue (2003)Malaysia (2001)
 NiueMalaysia
Administrative divisions none; note - there are no first-order administrative divisions as defined by the US Government, but there are 14 villages at the second order 13 states (negeri-negeri, singular - negeri) and 2 federal territories* (wilayah-wilayah persekutuan, singular - wilayah persekutuan); Johor, Kedah, Kelantan, Labuan*, Melaka, Negeri Sembilan, Pahang, Perak, Perlis, Pulau Pinang, Sabah, Sarawak, Selangor, Terengganu, Wilayah Persekutuan*

note:
the city of Kuala Lumpur is located within the federal territory of Wilayah Persekutuan; the terms therefore are not interchangeable; there may be a new federal territory named Putrajaya
Age structure 0-14 years: NA%


15-64 years: NA%


65 years and over: NA% (2003 est.)
0-14 years:
34.5% (male 3,943,324; female 3,724,634)

15-64 years:
61.35% (male 6,828,670; female 6,808,623)

65 years and over:
4.15% (male 404,042; female 519,747) (2001 est.)
Agriculture - products coconuts, passion fruit, honey, limes, taro, yams, cassava (tapioca), sweet potatoes; pigs, poultry, beef cattle Peninsular Malaysia - rubber, palm oil, cocoa, rice; Sabah - subsistence crops, rubber, timber, coconuts, rice; Sarawak - rubber, pepper; timber
Airports 1 (2002) 115 (2000 est.)
Airports - with paved runways total: 1


1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2002)
total:
33

over 3,047 m:
5

2,438 to 3,047 m:
4

1,524 to 2,437 m:
11

914 to 1,523 m:
6

under 914 m:
7 (2000 est.)
Airports - with unpaved runways - total:
82

1,524 to 2,437 m:
1

914 to 1,523 m:
8

under 914 m:
73 (2000 est.)
Area total: 260 sq km


land: 260 sq km


water: 0 sq km
total:
329,750 sq km

land:
328,550 sq km

water:
1,200 sq km
Area - comparative 1.5 times the size of Washington, DC slightly larger than New Mexico
Background Niue's remoteness, as well as cultural and linguistic differences between its Polynesian inhabitants and those of the rest of the Cook Islands, have caused it to be separately administered. The population of the island continues to drop (from a peak of 5,200 in 1966 to about 2,100 in 2002), with substantial emigration to New Zealand, 2,400 km to the southwest. Malaysia was created in 1963 through the merging of Malaya (independent in 1957) and the former British Singapore, both of which formed West Malaysia, and Sabah and Sarawak in north Borneo, which composed East Malaysia. The first three years of independence were marred by hostilities with Indonesia. Singapore separated from the union in 1965.
Birth rate NA births/1,000 population (2003 est.) 24.75 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Budget revenues: $NA


expenditures: $NA, including capital expenditures of $NA
revenues:
$16.4 billion

expenditures:
$17.8 billion, including capital expenditures of $43 billion (2000 est.)
Capital Alofi Kuala Lumpur
Climate tropical; modified by southeast trade winds tropical; annual southwest (April to October) and northeast (October to February) monsoons
Coastline 64 km 4,675 km (Peninsular Malaysia 2,068 km, East Malaysia 2,607 km)
Constitution 19 October 1974 (Niue Constitution Act) 31 August 1957, amended 16 September 1963
Country name conventional long form: none


conventional short form: Niue


former: Savage Island
conventional long form:
none

conventional short form:
Malaysia

former:
Federation of Malaysia
Currency New Zealand dollar (NZD) ringgit (MYR)
Death rate NA deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.) 5.2 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Debt - external $418,000 (2002 est.) $41.8 billion (2000 est.)
Dependency status self-governing in free association with New Zealand since 1974; Niue fully responsible for internal affairs; New Zealand retains responsibility for external affairs and defense; however, these responsibilities confer no rights of control and are only exercised at the request of the Government of Niue -
Diplomatic representation from the US none (self-governing territory in free association with New Zealand) chief of mission:
Ambassador B. Lynn PASCOE

embassy:
376 Jalan Tun Razak, 50400 Kuala Lumpur

mailing address:
P. O. Box No. 10035, 50700 Kuala Lumpur; American Embassy Kuala Lumpur, APO AP 96535-8152

telephone:
[60] (3) 2168-5000

FAX:
[60] (3) 2168-4961
Diplomatic representation in the US none (self-governing territory in free association with New Zealand) chief of mission:
Ambassador GHAZZALI Sheikh Abdul Khalid

chancery:
2401 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008

telephone:
[1] (202) 328-2700

FAX:
[1] (202) 483-7661

consulate(s) general:
Los Angeles and New York
Disputes - international none involved in a complex dispute over the Spratly Islands with China, Philippines, Taiwan, Vietnam, and possibly Brunei; Philippines have not fully revoked claim to Sabah State; Pulau Batu Putih (Pedra Branca Island) disputed with Singapore; Sipadan and Ligitan Islands in dispute with Indonesia
Economic aid - recipient $2.6 million from New Zealand (2002) -
Economy - overview The economy suffers from the typical Pacific island problems of geographic isolation, few resources, and a small population. Government expenditures regularly exceed revenues, and the shortfall is made up by critically needed grants from New Zealand that are used to pay wages to public employees. Niue has cut government expenditures by reducing the public service by almost half. The agricultural sector consists mainly of subsistence gardening, although some cash crops are grown for export. Industry consists primarily of small factories to process passion fruit, lime oil, honey, and coconut cream. The sale of postage stamps to foreign collectors is an important source of revenue. The island in recent years has suffered a serious loss of population because of migration of Niueans to New Zealand. Efforts to increase GDP include the promotion of tourism and a financial services industry, although Premier LAKATANI announced in February 2002 that Niue will shut down the offshore banking industry. Economic aid from New Zealand in 2002 was about $2.6 million. GDP grew at 8.6% in 2000, mainly on the strength of double-digit export growth and continued government fiscal stimulus. As an oil exporter, Malaysia also benefited from higher petroleum prices. Higher export revenues allowed the country to register a current account surplus, but foreign exchange reserves have been declining - from a peak of $34.5 billion in April 2000 to $29.7 billion by December - as foreign investors pulled money out of the country. Despite this development, Kuala Lumpur is unlikely to abandon its currency peg soon. An economic slowdown in key Western markets, especially the United States, and lower world demand for electronics products will slow GDP growth to 3%-6% in 2001, according to private forecasters. Over the longer term, Malaysia's failure to make substantial progress on key reforms of the corporate and financial sectors clouds prospects for sustained growth and the return of critical foreign investment.
Electricity - consumption 2.79 million kWh (2001) 54.872 billion kWh (1999)
Electricity - exports 0 kWh (2001) 50 million kWh (1999)
Electricity - imports 0 kWh (2001) 11 million kWh (1999)
Electricity - production 3 million kWh (2001) 59.044 billion kWh (1999)
Electricity - production by source fossil fuel: 100%


hydro: 0%


nuclear: 0%


other: 0% (2001)
fossil fuel:
91.61%

hydro:
8.39%

nuclear:
0%

other:
0% (1999)
Elevation extremes lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m


highest point: unnamed location near Mutalau settlement 68 m
lowest point:
Indian Ocean 0 m

highest point:
Gunung Kinabalu 4,100 m
Environment - current issues increasing attention to conservationist practices to counter loss of soil fertility from traditional slash and burn agriculture air pollution from industrial and vehicular emissions; water pollution from raw sewage; deforestation; smoke/haze from Indonesian forest fires
Environment - international agreements party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification


signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea
party to:
Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands

signed, but not ratified:
Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol
Ethnic groups Polynesian (with some 200 Europeans, Samoans, and Tongans) Malay and other indigenous 58%, Chinese 27%, Indian 8%, others 7% (2000)
Exchange rates New Zealand dollars per US dollar - 2.162 (2002), 2.3776 (2001), 2.1863 (2000), 1.8886 (1999), 1.8629 (1998) ringgits per US dollar - 3.8000 (January 2001), 3.8000 (2000), 3.8000 (1999), 3.9244 (1998), 2.8133 (1997), 2.5159 (1996)
Executive branch chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); the UK and New Zealand are represented by New Zealand High Commissioner John BRYAN (since NA May 2000)


head of government: Premier Young VIVIAN (since 1 May 2002)


cabinet: Cabinet consists of the premier and three ministers


elections: the monarch is hereditary; premier elected by the Legislative Assembly for a three-year term; election last held 1 May 2002 (next to be held NA May 2005)


election results: Young VIVIAN elected premier; percent of Legislative Assembly vote - Young VIVIAN (NPP) 70%, Hunukitama HUNUKI (AI) 30%
chief of state:
Paramount Ruler Sultan TUNKU SALAHUDDIN Abdul Aziz Shah ibni Al-Marhum Sultan Hisammuddin Alam Shah (since 26 April 1999); Deputy Paramount Ruler Sultan MIZAN Zainal Abidin ibni A-Marhum Sultan Mahmud Al-Muktafi Billah Shah

head of government:
Prime Minister Dr. MAHATHIR bin Mohamad (since 16 July 1981); Deputy Prime Minister ABDULLAH bin Ahmad Badawi (since 8 January 1999)

cabinet:
Cabinet appointed by the prime minister from among the members of Parliament with consent of the paramount ruler

elections:
paramount ruler and deputy paramount ruler elected by and from the hereditary rulers of nine of the states for five-year terms; election last held 27 February 1999 (next to be held NA 2004); prime minister designated from among the members of the House of Representatives; following legislative elections, the leader of the party that wins a plurality of seats in the House of Representatives becomes prime minister

election results:
Sultan TUNKU SALAHUDDIN Abdul Aziz Shah ibni Al-Marhum Sultan Hisammuddin Alam Shah elected paramount ruler; Sultan MIZAN Zainal Abidin ibni A-Marhum Sultan Mahmud Al-Muktafi Billah Shah elected deputy paramount ruler
Exports NA (2001) $97.9 billion (2000 est.)
Exports - commodities canned coconut cream, copra, honey, vanilla, passion fruit products, pawpaws, root crops, limes, footballs, stamps, handicrafts electronic equipment, petroleum and liquefied natural gas, chemicals, palm oil, wood and wood products, rubber, textiles
Exports - partners NZ mainly, Fiji, Cook Islands, Australia (2000) US 21%, Singapore 18%, Japan 13%, Hong Kong 5%, Netherlands 4%, Taiwan 4%, Thailand 3% (2000 est.)
Fiscal year 1 April - 31 March calendar year
Flag description yellow with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant; the flag of the UK bears five yellow five-pointed stars - a large one on a blue disk in the center and a smaller one on each arm of the bold red cross 14 equal horizontal stripes of red (top) alternating with white (bottom); there is a blue rectangle in the upper hoist-side corner bearing a yellow crescent and a yellow fourteen-pointed star; the crescent and the star are traditional symbols of Islam; the design was based on the flag of the US
GDP purchasing power parity - $7.6 million (2000 est.) purchasing power parity - $223.7 billion (2000 est.)
GDP - composition by sector agriculture: NA%


industry: NA%


services: 55%
agriculture:
14%

industry:
44%

services:
42% (2000)
GDP - per capita purchasing power parity - $3,600 (2000 est.) purchasing power parity - $10,300 (2000 est.)
GDP - real growth rate -0.3% (2000 est.) 8.6% (2000 est.)
Geographic coordinates 19 02 S, 169 52 W 2 30 N, 112 30 E
Geography - note one of world's largest coral islands strategic location along Strait of Malacca and southern South China Sea
Heliports - 1 (2000 est.)
Highways total: 234 km


paved: 86 km


unpaved: 148 km (2001)
total:
64,672 km

paved:
48,707 km (including 1,192 km of expressways)

unpaved:
15,965 km

note:
in addition to these national and main regional roads, Malaysia has thousands of kilometers of local roads that are maintained by local jurisdictions (1999)
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%: NA%


highest 10%: NA%
lowest 10%:
1.4%

highest 10%:
20.4% (1997 est.)
Illicit drugs - transit point for some illicit drugs; drug trafficking prosecuted vigorously and carries severe penalties
Imports NA (2001) $82.6 billion (2000 est.)
Imports - commodities food, live animals, manufactured goods, machinery, fuels, lubricants, chemicals, drugs machinery and transport equipment, chemicals, food, fuel and lubricants
Imports - partners NZ mainly, Fiji, Japan, Samoa, Australia, US (2000) Japan 21%, US 17%, Singapore 14%, Taiwan 6%, South Korea 5%, Thailand 4%, China 4% (2000 est.)
Independence on 19 October 1974, Niue became a self-governing parliamentary government in free association with New Zealand 31 August 1957 (from UK)
Industrial production growth rate NA% 12.1% (2000 est.)
Industries tourism, handicrafts, food processing Peninsular Malaysia - rubber and oil palm processing and manufacturing, light manufacturing industry, electronics, tin mining and smelting, logging and processing timber; Sabah - logging, petroleum production; Sarawak - agriculture processing, petroleum production and refining, logging
Infant mortality rate total: NA%


male: NA%


female: NA%
20.31 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 1% (1995) 1.7% (2000)
International organization participation ACP, ESCAP (associate), FAO, Sparteca, SPC, SPF, UNESCO, WHO, WMO APEC, ARF, AsDB, ASEAN, BIS, C, CCC, CP, ESCAP, FAO, G-15, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Inmarsat, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, ISO, ITU, MINURSO, MONUC, NAM, OIC, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNIKOM, UNMEE, UNMIBH, UNMIK, UNTAET, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) 1 (2000) 7 (2000)
Irrigated land NA sq km 2,941 sq km (1998 est.)
Judicial branch Supreme Court of New Zealand; High Court of Niue Federal Court (judges appointed by the paramount ruler on the advice of the prime minister)
Labor force NA 9.6 million (2000 est.)
Labor force - by occupation most work on family plantations; paid work exists only in government service, small industry, and the Niue Development Board local trade and tourism 28%, manufacturing 27%, agriculture, forestry, and fisheries 16%, services 10%, government 10%, construction 9% (2000 est.)
Land boundaries 0 km total:
2,669 km

border countries:
Brunei 381 km, Indonesia 1,782 km, Thailand 506 km
Land use arable land: 19.23%


permanent crops: 7.69%


other: 73.08% (1998 est.)
arable land:
3%

permanent crops:
12%

permanent pastures:
0%

forests and woodland:
68%

other:
17% (1993 est.)
Languages Niuean, a Polynesian language closely related to Tongan and Samoan; English Bahasa Melayu (official), English, Chinese dialects (Cantonese, Mandarin, Hokkien, Hakka, Hainan, Foochow), Tamil, Telugu, Malayalam, Panjabi, Thai; note - in addition, in East Malaysia several indigenous languages are spoken, the largest of which are Iban and Kadazan
Legal system English common law


note: Niue is self-governing, with the power to make its own laws
based on English common law; judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court at request of supreme head of the federation; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Legislative branch unicameral Legislative Assembly (20 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve three-year terms; six elected from a common roll and 14 are village representatives)


elections: last held 21 March 2002 (next to be held in March 2005)


election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - NPP 9, independents 11; note - all 20 seats were reelected
bicameral Parliament or Parlimen consists of nonelected Senate or Dewan Negara (69 seats; 43 appointed by the paramount ruler, 26 appointed by the state legislatures) and the House of Representatives or Dewan Rakyat (193 seats; members elected by popular vote weighted toward the rural Malay population to serve five-year terms)

elections:
House of Representatives - last held 29 November 1999 (next must be held by 20 December 2004)

election results:
House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - NF 56%, other 44%; seats by party - NF 148, PAS 27, DAP 10, NJP 5, PBS 3
Life expectancy at birth total population: NA years


male: NA years


female: NA years (2003 est.)
total population:
71.11 years

male:
68.48 years

female:
73.92 years (2001 est.)
Literacy definition: NA


total population: 95%


male: NA%


female: NA%
definition:
age 15 and over can read and write

total population:
83.5%

male:
89.1%

female:
78.1% (1995 est.)
Location Oceania, island in the South Pacific Ocean, east of Tonga Southeastern Asia, peninsula and northern one-third of the island of Borneo, bordering Indonesia and the South China Sea, south of Vietnam
Map references Oceania Southeast Asia
Maritime claims exclusive economic zone: 200 NM


territorial sea: 12 NM
continental shelf:
200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation; specified boundary in the South China Sea

exclusive economic zone:
200 NM

territorial sea:
12 NM
Merchant marine none (2002 est.) total:
362 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 5,103,657 GRT/7,574,999 DWT

ships by type:
bulk 62, cargo 110, chemical tanker 35, container 60, liquefied gas 20, livestock carrier 1, passenger 2, petroleum tanker 58, refrigerated cargo 1, roll on/roll off 6, specialized tanker 1, vehicle carrier 6 (2000 est.)
Military - note defense is the responsibility of New Zealand -
Military branches no regular indigenous military forces; Police Force Malaysian Army, Royal Malaysian Navy, Royal Malaysian Air Force, Royal Malaysian Police Force, Marine Police, Sarawak Border Scouts
Military expenditures - dollar figure - $1.69 billion (FY00 est.)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP - 2.03% (FY00)
Military manpower - availability - males age 15-49:
5,800,456 (2001 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service - males age 15-49:
3,514,023 (2001 est.)
Military manpower - military age - 21 years of age
Military manpower - reaching military age annually - males:
196,042 (2001 est.)
National holiday Waitangi Day (Treaty of Waitangi established British sovereignty over New Zealand), 6 February (1840) Independence Day/Malaysia Day, 31 August (1957)
Nationality noun: Niuean(s)


adjective: Niuean
noun:
Malaysian(s)

adjective:
Malaysian
Natural hazards typhoons flooding, landslides
Natural resources fish, arable land tin, petroleum, timber, copper, iron ore, natural gas, bauxite
Net migration rate NA migrant(s)/1,000 population (2003 est.) 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)

note:
does not reflect net flow of an unknown number of illegal immigrants from other countries in the region
Pipelines - crude oil 1,307 km; natural gas 379 km
Political parties and leaders Niue People's Action Party or NPP [Young VIVIAN]; Alliance of Independents or AI [leader NA] Alternative Coalition or Barisan Alternatif-BA (includes the following parties: Party Islam Se-Malaysia or PAS [FADZIL Mohamad Noor], National Justice Party or NJP [WAN AZIZAH Wan Ismail], Democratic Action Party or DAP [LIM Kit Siang], and Malaysian People's Party or PRM [SYED HUSIN]); National Front or NF (ruling coalition dominated by the United Malays National Organization or UMNO [MAHATHIR bin Mohammad], includes the following parties: Malaysian Indian Congress or MIC [S. Samy VELLU], Malaysian Chinese Association or MCA [LING Liong Sik], Gerakan Rakyat Malaysia or Gerakan [LIM Keng Yaik], Parti Pesaka Bumiputra Bersatu or PBB [Patinggi Haji Abdul TAIB Mahmud], Parti Angkatan Keadilan Rakyat Bersatu or Akar [PANDIKAR Amin Mulia], Parti Bangsa Dayak Sarawak or PBDS [Leo MOGGIE], Sarawak United People's Party or SUPP [George CHAN Hong Nam], Liberal Democratic Party or LDP [CHONG Kah Kiat], Sabah Progressive Party or SAPP [YONG Teck Lee], People's Progressive Party or PPP [M. KAYVEAS], Parti Bersatu Rakyat Sabah or PBRS [Joseph KURUP], Sarawak National Party or SNAP [Amar James WONG], Parti Demokratik Sabah or PDS [leader NA], and United Pasok Momogun Kadazan Organization or UPKO (state level only) [Bernard DOMPOK]); Parti Bersatu Sabah or PBS [Joseph PAIRIN Kitingan]; Parti Bersekutu [HARRIS Salleh]; State Reform Party of Sarawak or STAR [PATAU Rubis]
Political pressure groups and leaders NA NA
Population 2,145 (July 2003 est.) 22,229,040 (July 2001 est.)
Population below poverty line NA% 6.8% (1997 est.)
Population growth rate 0.01% (2003 est.) 1.96% (2001 est.)
Ports and harbors none; offshore anchorage only Bintulu, Kota Kinabalu, Kuantan, Kuching, Kudat, Labuan, Lahad Datu, Lumut, Miri, Pasir Gudang, Penang, Port Dickson, Port Kelang, Sandakan, Sibu, Tanjung Berhala, Tanjung Kidurong, Tawau
Radio broadcast stations AM 1, FM 1, shortwave 0 (1998) AM 56, FM 31 (plus 13 repeater stations), shortwave 5 (1999)
Radios - 10.9 million (1999)
Railways 0 km total:
1,801 km

narrow gauge:
1,801 km 1.000-m gauge (148 km electrified) (2000)
Religions Ekalesia Niue (Niuean Church - a Protestant church closely related to the London Missionary Society) 75%, Latter-Day Saints 10%, other 15% (mostly Roman Catholic, Jehovah's Witnesses, Seventh-Day Adventist) Islam, Buddhism, Daoism, Hinduism, Christianity, Sikhism; note - in addition, Shamanism is practiced in East Malaysia
Sex ratio NA (2003 est.) at birth:
1.07 male(s)/female

under 15 years:
1.06 male(s)/female

15-64 years:
1 male(s)/female

65 years and over:
0.78 male(s)/female

total population:
1.01 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
Suffrage 18 years of age; universal 21 years of age; universal
Telephone system domestic: single-line telephone system connects all villages on island


international: NA
general assessment:
modern system; international service excellent

domestic:
good intercity service provided on Peninsular Malaysia mainly by microwave radio relay; adequate intercity microwave radio relay network between Sabah and Sarawak via Brunei; domestic satellite system with 2 earth stations

international:
submarine cables to India, Hong Kong, and Singapore; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Indian Ocean and 1 Pacific Ocean) (2001)
Telephones - main lines in use 376 (1991) 4.5 million (1999)
Telephones - mobile cellular 0 (1991) 2.698 million (1999)
Television broadcast stations 1 (1997) 27 (plus 15 high-power repeaters) (1999)
Terrain steep limestone cliffs along coast, central plateau coastal plains rising to hills and mountains
Total fertility rate NA children born/woman (2003 est.) 3.24 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Unemployment rate NA% 2.8% (2000 est.)
Waterways none 7,296 km

note:
Peninsular Malaysia 3,209 km, Sabah 1,569 km, Sarawak 2,518 km
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