Compare Niue (2003) - Finland (2007)

Compare Niue (2003) z Finland (2007)

	Niue (2003)	Finland (2007)

Administrative divisions	none; note - there are no first-order administrative divisions as defined by the US Government, but there are 14 villages at the second order	6 provinces (laanit, singular - laani); Aland, Etela-Suomen Laani, Ita-Suomen Laani, Lansi-Suomen Laani, Lappi, Oulun Laani
Age structure	0-14 years: NA% 15-64 years: NA% 65 years and over: NA% (2003 est.)	0-14 years: 16.9% (male 449,548/female 433,253) 15-64 years: 66.7% (male 1,768,996/female 1,727,143) 65 years and over: 16.4% (male 344,798/female 514,722) (2007 est.)
Agriculture - products	coconuts, passion fruit, honey, limes, taro, yams, cassava (tapioca), sweet potatoes; pigs, poultry, beef cattle	barley, wheat, sugar beets, potatoes; dairy cattle; fish
Airports	1 (2002)	148 (2007)
Airports - with paved runways	total: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2002)	total: 76 over 3,047 m: 2 2,438 to 3,047 m: 27 1,524 to 2,437 m: 10 914 to 1,523 m: 22 under 914 m: 15 (2007)
Airports - with unpaved runways	-	total: 72 914 to 1,523 m: 4 under 914 m: 68 (2007)
Area	total: 260 sq km land: 260 sq km water: 0 sq km	total: 338,145 sq km land: 304,473 sq km water: 33,672 sq km
Area - comparative	1.5 times the size of Washington, DC	slightly smaller than Montana
Background	Niue's remoteness, as well as cultural and linguistic differences between its Polynesian inhabitants and those of the rest of the Cook Islands, have caused it to be separately administered. The population of the island continues to drop (from a peak of 5,200 in 1966 to about 2,100 in 2002), with substantial emigration to New Zealand, 2,400 km to the southwest.	Finland was a province and then a grand duchy under Sweden from the 12th to the 19th centuries, and an autonomous grand duchy of Russia after 1809. It won its complete independence in 1917. During World War II, it was able to successfully defend its freedom and resist invasions by the Soviet Union - albeit with some loss of territory. In the subsequent half century, the Finns made a remarkable transformation from a farm/forest economy to a diversified modern industrial economy; per capita income is now on par with Western Europe. A member of the European Union since 1995, Finland was the only Nordic state to join the euro system at its initiation in January 1999.
Birth rate	NA births/1,000 population (2003 est.)	10.42 births/1,000 population (2007 est.)
Budget	revenues: $NA expenditures: $NA, including capital expenditures of $NA	revenues: $109.6 billion expenditures: $101.8 billion (2006 est.)
Capital	Alofi	name: Helsinki geographic coordinates: 60 10 N, 24 56 E time difference: UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time) daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October
Climate	tropical; modified by southeast trade winds	cold temperate; potentially subarctic but comparatively mild because of moderating influence of the North Atlantic Current, Baltic Sea, and more than 60,000 lakes
Coastline	64 km	1,250 km
Constitution	19 October 1974 (Niue Constitution Act)	1 March 2000
Country name	conventional long form: none conventional short form: Niue former: Savage Island	conventional long form: Republic of Finland conventional short form: Finland local long form: Suomen tasavalta/Republiken Finland local short form: Suomi/Finland
Currency	New Zealand dollar (NZD)	-
Death rate	NA deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)	9.93 deaths/1,000 population (2007 est.)
Debt - external	$418,000 (2002 est.)	$251.9 billion (30 June 2006)
Dependency status	self-governing in free association with New Zealand since 1974; Niue fully responsible for internal affairs; New Zealand retains responsibility for external affairs and defense; however, these responsibilities confer no rights of control and are only exercised at the request of the Government of Niue	-
Diplomatic representation from the US	none (self-governing territory in free association with New Zealand)	chief of mission: Ambassador Marilyn WARE embassy: Itainen Puistotie 14B, 00140 Helsinki mailing address: APO AE 09723 telephone: [358] (9) 616250 FAX: [358] (9) 6162 5800
Diplomatic representation in the US	none (self-governing territory in free association with New Zealand)	chief of mission: Ambassador Pekka LINTU chancery: 3301 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 298-5800 FAX: [1] (202) 298-6030 consulate(s) general: Los Angeles, New York
Disputes - international	none	various groups in Finland advocate restoration of Karelia and other areas ceded to the Soviet Union, but the Finnish Government asserts no territorial demands
Economic aid - donor	-	ODA, $850.5 million (2005)
Economic aid - recipient	$2.6 million from New Zealand (2002)	-
Economy - overview	The economy suffers from the typical Pacific island problems of geographic isolation, few resources, and a small population. Government expenditures regularly exceed revenues, and the shortfall is made up by critically needed grants from New Zealand that are used to pay wages to public employees. Niue has cut government expenditures by reducing the public service by almost half. The agricultural sector consists mainly of subsistence gardening, although some cash crops are grown for export. Industry consists primarily of small factories to process passion fruit, lime oil, honey, and coconut cream. The sale of postage stamps to foreign collectors is an important source of revenue. The island in recent years has suffered a serious loss of population because of migration of Niueans to New Zealand. Efforts to increase GDP include the promotion of tourism and a financial services industry, although Premier LAKATANI announced in February 2002 that Niue will shut down the offshore banking industry. Economic aid from New Zealand in 2002 was about $2.6 million.	Finland has a highly industrialized, largely free-market economy with per capita output roughly that of the UK, France, Germany, and Italy. Its key economic sector is manufacturing - principally the wood, metals, engineering, telecommunications, and electronics industries. Trade is important; exports equal two-fifths of GDP. Finland excels in high-tech exports, e.g., mobile phones. Except for timber and several minerals, Finland depends on imports of raw materials, energy, and some components for manufactured goods. Because of the climate, agricultural development is limited to maintaining self-sufficiency in basic products. Forestry, an important export earner, provides a secondary occupation for the rural population. High unemployment remains a persistent problem.
Electricity - consumption	2.79 million kWh (2001)	81.11 billion kWh (2005)
Electricity - exports	0 kWh (2001)	933 million kWh (2005)
Electricity - imports	0 kWh (2001)	17.92 billion kWh (2005)
Electricity - production	3 million kWh (2001)	67.09 billion kWh (2005)
Electricity - production by source	fossil fuel: 100% hydro: 0% nuclear: 0% other: 0% (2001)	-
Elevation extremes	lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m highest point: unnamed location near Mutalau settlement 68 m	lowest point: Baltic Sea 0 m highest point: Haltiatunturi 1,328 m
Environment - current issues	increasing attention to conservationist practices to counter loss of soil fertility from traditional slash and burn agriculture	air pollution from manufacturing and power plants contributing to acid rain; water pollution from industrial wastes, agricultural chemicals; habitat loss threatens wildlife populations
Environment - international agreements	party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea	party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulfur 85, Air Pollution-Sulfur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Ethnic groups	Polynesian (with some 200 Europeans, Samoans, and Tongans)	Finn 93.4%, Swede 5.7%, Russian 0.4%, Estonian 0.2%, Roma (Gypsy) 0.2%, Sami 0.1%
Exchange rates	New Zealand dollars per US dollar - 2.162 (2002), 2.3776 (2001), 2.1863 (2000), 1.8886 (1999), 1.8629 (1998)	euros per US dollar - 0.7964 (2006), 0.8041 (2005), 0.8054 (2004), 0.886 (2003), 1.0626 (2002)
Executive branch	chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); the UK and New Zealand are represented by New Zealand High Commissioner John BRYAN (since NA May 2000) head of government: Premier Young VIVIAN (since 1 May 2002) cabinet: Cabinet consists of the premier and three ministers elections: the monarch is hereditary; premier elected by the Legislative Assembly for a three-year term; election last held 1 May 2002 (next to be held NA May 2005) election results: Young VIVIAN elected premier; percent of Legislative Assembly vote - Young VIVIAN (NPP) 70%, Hunukitama HUNUKI (AI) 30%	chief of state: President Tarja HALONEN (since 1 March 2000) head of government: Prime Minister Matti VANHANEN (since 24 June 2003); Deputy Prime Minister Jyrki KATAINEN (since 19 April 2007) cabinet: Council of State or Valtioneuvosto appointed by the president, responsible to parliament elections: president elected by popular vote for a six-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held 15 January 2006 (next to be held in January 2012); the president appoints the prime minister and deputy prime minister from the majority party or the majority coalition after parliamentary elections and the parliament must approve the appointment; Prime Minister VANHANEN reelected 17 April 2007 election results: percent of vote - Tarja HALONEN (SDP) 46.3%, Sauli NIINISTO (Kok) 24.1%, Matti Vanhanen (Kesk) 18.6%, Heidi HAUTALA (VIHR) 3.5%; a runoff election between HALONEN and NIINISTO was held 29 January 2006 - HALONEN 51.8%, NIINISTO 48.2%; Matti VANHANEN relected prime minister; election results 121-71 note: government coalition - Kesk, SDP, and SFP
Exports	NA (2001)	118,300 bbl/day (2004)
Exports - commodities	canned coconut cream, copra, honey, vanilla, passion fruit products, pawpaws, root crops, limes, footballs, stamps, handicrafts	machinery and equipment, chemicals, metals; timber, paper, pulp (1999)
Exports - partners	NZ mainly, Fiji, Cook Islands, Australia (2000)	Germany 11.3%, Sweden 10.5%, Russia 10.1%, UK 6.5%, US 6.5%, Netherlands 5.1% (2006)
Fiscal year	1 April - 31 March	calendar year
Flag description	yellow with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant; the flag of the UK bears five yellow five-pointed stars - a large one on a blue disk in the center and a smaller one on each arm of the bold red cross	white with a blue cross extending to the edges of the flag; the vertical part of the cross is shifted to the hoist side in the style of the Dannebrog (Danish flag)
GDP	purchasing power parity - $7.6 million (2000 est.)	-
GDP - composition by sector	agriculture: NA% industry: NA% services: 55%	agriculture: 2.5% industry: 32.3% services: 65.1% (2006 est.)
GDP - per capita	purchasing power parity - $3,600 (2000 est.)	-
GDP - real growth rate	-0.3% (2000 est.)	4.9% (2006 est.)
Geographic coordinates	19 02 S, 169 52 W	64 00 N, 26 00 E
Geography - note	one of world's largest coral islands	long boundary with Russia; Helsinki is northernmost national capital on European continent; population concentrated on small southwestern coastal plain
Highways	total: 234 km paved: 86 km unpaved: 148 km (2001)	-
Household income or consumption by percentage share	lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%	lowest 10%: 4% highest 10%: 22.6% (2000)
Imports	NA (2001)	333,400 bbl/day (2004)
Imports - commodities	food, live animals, manufactured goods, machinery, fuels, lubricants, chemicals, drugs	foodstuffs, petroleum and petroleum products, chemicals, transport equipment, iron and steel, machinery, textile yarn and fabrics, grains
Imports - partners	NZ mainly, Fiji, Japan, Samoa, Australia, US (2000)	Germany 15.6%, Russia 14%, Sweden 13.7%, Netherlands 6.6%, China 5.4%, UK 4.7%, Denmark 4.5% (2006)
Independence	on 19 October 1974, Niue became a self-governing parliamentary government in free association with New Zealand	6 December 1917 (from Russia)
Industrial production growth rate	NA%	3% (2006 est.)
Industries	tourism, handicrafts, food processing	metals and metal products, electronics, machinery and scientific instruments, shipbuilding, pulp and paper, foodstuffs, chemicals, textiles, clothing
Infant mortality rate	total: NA% male: NA% female: NA%	total: 3.52 deaths/1,000 live births male: 3.84 deaths/1,000 live births female: 3.2 deaths/1,000 live births (2007 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices)	1% (1995)	1.6% (2006 est.)
International organization participation	ACP, ESCAP (associate), FAO, Sparteca, SPC, SPF, UNESCO, WHO, WMO	AfDB, Arctic Council, AsDB, Australia Group, BIS, CBSS, CE, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, EIB, EMU, ESA, EU, FAO, G- 9, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC, MIGA, NAM (guest), NC, NEA, NIB, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OPCW, OSCE, Paris Club, PCA, PFP, Schengen Convention, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNMEE, UNMIL, UNMIS, UNMOGIP, UNTSO, UPU, WCO, WEU (observer), WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC
Internet Service Providers (ISPs)	1 (2000)	-
Irrigated land	NA sq km	640 sq km (2003)
Judicial branch	Supreme Court of New Zealand; High Court of Niue	Supreme Court or Korkein Oikeus (judges appointed by the president)
Labor force	NA	2.65 million (2006 est.)
Labor force - by occupation	most work on family plantations; paid work exists only in government service, small industry, and the Niue Development Board	agriculture and forestry 4.4%, industry 17.5%, construction 6%, commerce 22%, finance, insurance, and business services 12%, transport and communications 8%, public services 30.2% (2000 est.)
Land boundaries	0 km	total: 2,681 km border countries: Norway 727 km, Sweden 614 km, Russia 1,340 km
Land use	arable land: 19.23% permanent crops: 7.69% other: 73.08% (1998 est.)	arable land: 6.54% permanent crops: 0.02% other: 93.44% (2005)
Languages	Niuean, a Polynesian language closely related to Tongan and Samoan; English	Finnish 92% (official), Swedish 5.6% (official), other 2.4% (small Sami- and Russian-speaking minorities) (2003)
Legal system	English common law note: Niue is self-governing, with the power to make its own laws	civil law system based on Swedish law; the president may request the Supreme Court to review laws; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations
Legislative branch	unicameral Legislative Assembly (20 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve three-year terms; six elected from a common roll and 14 are village representatives) elections: last held 21 March 2002 (next to be held in March 2005) election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - NPP 9, independents 11; note - all 20 seats were reelected	unicameral Parliament or Eduskunta (200 seats; members are elected by popular vote on a proportional basis to serve four-year terms) elections: last held 18 March 2007 (next to be held March 2011) election results: percent of vote by party - Kesk 23.1%, Kok 22.3%, SDP 21.4%, VAS 8.8%, VIHR 8.5%, KD 4.9%, SFP 4.5%, True Finns 4.1%, other 3.4%; seats by party - Kesk 51, Kok 50, SDP 45, VAS 17, VIHR 15, SFP 9, KD 7, True Finns 5, other 1
Life expectancy at birth	total population: NA years male: NA years female: NA years (2003 est.)	total population: 78.66 years male: 75.15 years female: 82.31 years (2007 est.)
Literacy	definition: NA total population: 95% male: NA% female: NA%	definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 100% male: 100% female: 100% (2000 est.)
Location	Oceania, island in the South Pacific Ocean, east of Tonga	Northern Europe, bordering the Baltic Sea, Gulf of Bothnia, and Gulf of Finland, between Sweden and Russia
Map references	Oceania	Europe
Maritime claims	exclusive economic zone: 200 NM territorial sea: 12 NM	territorial sea: 12 nm (in the Gulf of Finland - 3 nm) contiguous zone: 24 nm exclusive fishing zone: 12 nm; extends to continental shelf boundary with Sweden continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation
Merchant marine	none (2002 est.)	total: 92 ships (1000 GRT or over) 1,362,014 GRT/1,002,280 DWT by type: bulk carrier 3, cargo 26, chemical tanker 6, container 3, passenger 5, passenger/cargo 20, petroleum tanker 4, roll on/roll off 23, vehicle carrier 2 foreign-owned: 5 (Germany 2, Norway 1, Sweden 2) registered in other countries: 43 (Bahamas 8, Germany 4, Gibraltar 3, Marshall Islands 2, Netherlands 14, Norway 1, Sweden 10, UK 1) (2007)
Military - note	defense is the responsibility of New Zealand	-
Military branches	no regular indigenous military forces; Police Force	Finnish Defense Forces (FDF): Army, Navy (includes coastal defense forces), Air Force (Suomen Ilmavoimat) (2006)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP	-	2% (2005 est.)
National holiday	Waitangi Day (Treaty of Waitangi established British sovereignty over New Zealand), 6 February (1840)	Independence Day, 6 December (1917)
Nationality	noun: Niuean(s) adjective: Niuean	noun: Finn(s) adjective: Finnish
Natural hazards	typhoons	NA
Natural resources	fish, arable land	timber, iron ore, copper, lead, zinc, chromite, nickel, gold, silver, limestone
Net migration rate	NA migrant(s)/1,000 population (2003 est.)	0.78 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2007 est.)
Pipelines	-	gas 694 km (2006)
Political parties and leaders	Niue People's Action Party or NPP [Young VIVIAN]; Alliance of Independents or AI [leader NA]	Center Party or Kesk [Matti VANHANEN]; Christian Democrats or KD [Paivi RASANEN]; Green Party or VIHR [Tarja CRONBERG]; Left Alliance or VAS [Martti KORHONEN] (composed of People's Democratic League and Democratic Alternative); National Coalition (conservative) Party or Kok [Jyrki KATAINEN]; Social Democratic Party or SDP [Eero HEINALUOMA]; Swedish People's Party or SFP [Stefan WALLIN]; True Finns
Political pressure groups and leaders	NA	-
Population	2,145 (July 2003 est.)	5,238,460 (July 2007 est.)
Population below poverty line	NA%	NA%
Population growth rate	0.01% (2003 est.)	0.127% (2007 est.)
Ports and harbors	none; offshore anchorage only	-
Radio broadcast stations	AM 1, FM 1, shortwave 0 (1998)	AM 2, FM 186, shortwave 1 (1998)
Railways	0 km	total: 5,741 km broad gauge: 5,741 km 1.524-m gauge (2,619 km electrified) (2006)
Religions	Ekalesia Niue (Niuean Church - a Protestant church closely related to the London Missionary Society) 75%, Latter-Day Saints 10%, other 15% (mostly Roman Catholic, Jehovah's Witnesses, Seventh-Day Adventist)	Lutheran Church of Finland 84.2%, Orthodox Church 1.1%, other Christian 1.1%, other 0.1%, none 13.5% (2003)
Sex ratio	NA (2003 est.)	at birth: 1.04 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.038 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.024 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.67 male(s)/female total population: 0.958 male(s)/female (2007 est.)
Suffrage	18 years of age; universal	18 years of age; universal
Telephone system	domestic: single-line telephone system connects all villages on island international: NA	general assessment: modern system with excellent service domestic: digital fiber-optic fixed-line network and an extensive cellular network provide domestic needs international: country code - 358; submarine cables provide links to Estonia and Sweden; satellite earth stations - access to Intelsat transmission service via a Swedish satellite earth station, 1 Inmarsat (Atlantic and Indian Ocean regions); note - Finland shares the Inmarsat earth station with the other Nordic countries (Denmark, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden)
Telephones - main lines in use	376 (1991)	1.92 million (2006)
Telephones - mobile cellular	0 (1991)	5.67 million (2006)
Television broadcast stations	1 (1997)	120 (plus 431 repeaters) (1999)
Terrain	steep limestone cliffs along coast, central plateau	mostly low, flat to rolling plains interspersed with lakes and low hills
Total fertility rate	NA children born/woman (2003 est.)	1.73 children born/woman (2007 est.)
Unemployment rate	NA%	7% (2006 est.)
Waterways	none	7,842 km note: includes Saimaa Canal system of 3,577 km; southern part leased from Russia (2006)

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