Compare Nicaragua (2005) - Nicaragua (2004)

Compare Nicaragua (2005) z Nicaragua (2004)

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	Nicaragua (2005)	Nicaragua (2004)

Age structure	0-14 years: 37.2% (male 1,036,487/female 999,226) 15-64 years: 59.7% (male 1,623,065/female 1,638,017) 65 years and over: 3.1% (male 73,935/female 94,370) (2005 est.)	0-14 years: 38.1% (male 1,038,887; female 1,001,518) 15-64 years: 58.9% (male 1,570,494; female 1,586,706) 65 years and over: 3% (male 71,125; female 91,029) (2004 est.)
Airports	176 (2004 est.)	176 (2003 est.)
Birth rate	24.88 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)	25.5 births/1,000 population (2004 est.)
Budget	revenues: $725.5 million expenditures: $1.039 billion, including capital expenditures of NA (2004 est.)	revenues: $672.5 million expenditures: $954.9 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (2003 est.)
Constitution	9 January 1987; reforms in 1995 and 2000	9 January 1987, with reforms in 1995 and 2000
Currency	-	gold cordoba (NIO)
Death rate	4.49 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)	4.54 deaths/1,000 population (2004 est.)
Debt - external	$4.573 billion (2004 est.)	$5.833 billion (2003 est.)
Disputes - international	Nicaragua filed a claim against Honduras in 1999 and against Colombia in 2001 at the ICJ over disputed maritime boundary involving 50,000 sq km in the Caribbean Sea, including the Archipelago de San Andres y Providencia and Quita Sueno Bank; the 1992 ICJ ruling for El Salvador and Honduras advised a tripartite resolution to establish a maritime boundary in the Gulf of Fonseca, which considers Honduran access to the Pacific; legal dispute over navigational rights of San Juan River on border with Costa Rica	territorial disputes with Colombia over the Archipelago de San Andres y Providencia and Quita Sueno Bank region; the 1992 ICJ ruling for El Salvador and Honduras advised a tripartite resolution to establish a maritime boundary in the Gulf of Fonseca, which considers Honduran access to the Pacific; legal dispute over navigational rights of San Juan River on border with Costa Rica
Economic aid - recipient	$541.8 million (2003)	Substantial foreign support (2001)
Economy - overview	Nicaragua, one of the hemisphere's poorest countries, faces low per capita income, massive unemployment, and huge external debt. Distribution of income is one of the most unequal on the globe. While the country has made progress toward macroeconomic stability over the past few years, GDP annual growth has been far too low to meet the country's needs. As a result of successful performance under its International Monetary Fund policy program and other efforts, Nicaragua qualified in early 2004 for some $4 billion in foreign debt reduction under the Heavily Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) initiative. Even after this reduction, however, the government continues to bear a significant foreign and domestic debt burden. If ratified, the US-Central America Free Trade Agreement (CAFTA) will provide an opportunity for Nicaragua to attract investment, create jobs, and deepen economic development. While President BOLANOS enjoys the support of the international financial bodies, his internal political base is meager.	Nicaragua, one of the hemisphere's poorest countries, faces low per capita income, massive unemployment, and huge external debt. Distribution of income is one of the most unequal on the globe. While the country has made progress toward macroeconomic stability over the past few years, GDP annual growth of 1.5% - 2.5% has been far too low to meet the country's need. Nicaragua will continue to be dependent on international aid and debt relief under the Heavily Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) initiative. Nicaragua has undertaken significant economic reforms that are expected to help the country qualify for more than $4 billion in debt relief under HIPC in early 2004. Donors have made aid conditional on the openness of government financial operation, poverty alleviation, and human rights. A three-year poverty reduction and growth plan, agreed to with the IMF in December 2002, guides economic policy.
Electricity - consumption	2.318 billion kWh (2002)	2.388 billion kWh (2001)
Electricity - exports	6.8 million kWh (2002)	0 kWh (2001)
Electricity - imports	15.3 million kWh (2002)	17 million kWh (2001)
Electricity - production	2.553 billion kWh (2002)	2.549 billion kWh (2001)
Exchange rates	gold cordobas per US dollar - 15.937 (2004), 15.105 (2003), 14.251 (2002), 13.372 (2001), 12.684 (2000)	gold cordobas per US dollar - 14.2513 (2003), 14.2513 (2002), 13.3719 (2001), 12.6844 (2000), 11.8092 (1999)
Exports	738 bbl/day (2003)	NA (2001)
Exports - commodities	coffee, beef, shrimp and lobster, tobacco, sugar, gold, peanuts	coffee, shrimp and lobster, cotton, tobacco, bananas, beef, sugar, gold
Exports - partners	US 64.8%, El Salvador 7%, Mexico 3.6% (2004)	US 35.9%, El Salvador 17.2%, Costa Rica 8.1%, Honduras 7.3%, Mexico 4.6%, Guatemala 4.3% (2003)
GDP	-	purchasing power parity - $11.6 billion (2003 est.)
GDP - composition by sector	agriculture: 20.7% industry: 24.7% services: 54.6% (2004 est.)	agriculture: 28.9% industry: 25.4% services: 45.7% (2003 est.)
GDP - per capita	purchasing power parity - $2,300 (2004 est.)	purchasing power parity - $2,300 (2003 est.)
GDP - real growth rate	4% (2004 est.)	2.3% (2003 est.)
Highways	total: 18,712 km paved: 2,126 km unpaved: 16,586 km (2002)	total: 19,032 km paved: 2,094 km unpaved: 16,938 km (2000)
Household income or consumption by percentage share	lowest 10%: 1.2% highest 10%: 45% (2001)	lowest 10%: 0.7% highest 10%: 48.8% (1998)
Imports	27,950 bbl/day (2003)	NA (2001)
Imports - commodities	consumer goods, machinery and equipment, raw materials, petroleum products	machinery and equipment, raw materials, petroleum products, consumer goods
Imports - partners	US 22.6%, Costa Rica 8.5%, Venezuela 8.4%, Guatemala 6.8%, Mexico 5.8%, El Salvador 4.9%, South Korea 4.5% (2004)	US 24.9%, Venezuela 9.7%, Costa Rica 9%, Mexico 8.4%, Guatemala 7.3%, El Salvador 4.9%, Japan 4.3% (2003)
Infant mortality rate	total: 29.11 deaths/1,000 live births male: 32.6 deaths/1,000 live births female: 25.44 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)	total: 30.15 deaths/1,000 live births male: 33.73 deaths/1,000 live births female: 26.38 deaths/1,000 live births (2004 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices)	9.3% (2004 est.)	5.3% (2003 est.)
Labor force	1.93 million (2004 est.)	1.91 million (2003)
Labor force - by occupation	agriculture 30.5%, industry 17.3%, services 52.2% (2003 est.)	agriculture 42%, industry 15%, services 43% (1999 est.)
Languages	Spanish 97.5% (official), Miskito 1.7%, other 0.8% (1995 census) note: English and indigenous languages on Atlantic coast	Spanish (official) note: English and indigenous languages on Atlantic coast
Life expectancy at birth	total population: 70.33 years male: 68.27 years female: 72.49 years (2005 est.)	total population: 70.02 years male: 67.99 years female: 72.16 years (2004 est.)
Merchant marine	-	none
Military branches	Army (includes Navy, Air Force)	Army (includes Navy), Navy
Military expenditures - dollar figure	$32.8 million (2004)	$30.8 million (2003)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP	0.7% (2004)	1.2% (2003)
Military manpower - availability	-	males age 15-49: 1,399,356 (2004 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service	-	males age 15-49: 858,022 (2004 est.)
Military manpower - reaching military age annually	-	males: 61,869 (2004 est.)
Net migration rate	-1.19 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)	-1.22 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2004 est.)
Political parties and leaders	Alliance for the Republic or APRE [Miguel LOPEZ Baldizon, Oscar WENDOLYN Vargas, Karla WHITE]; Central American Unionist Party or PUCA [leader NA]; Christian Alternative Party or AC [Orlando TARDENCILLA Espinoza]; Conservative Party of Nicaragua or PCN [Mario RAPPACCIOLI]; Independent Liberal Party or PLI [Anibal MARTINEZ Nunez, Pedro REYES Vallejos]; Independent Liberal Party for National Unity or PLIUN [leader NA]; Liberal Constitutional Party or PLC [Jorge CASTILLO Quant]; Liberal Salvation Movement or MSL [Eliseo NUNEZ Hernandez]; New Liberal Party or PALI [leader NA]; Nicaraguan Party of the Christian Path or PCCN [Guillermo OSORNO Molina]; Nicaraguan Resistance Party or PRN [Salvador TALAVERA]; Sandinista National Liberation Front or FSLN [Daniel ORTEGA Saavedra]; Sandinista Renovation Movement or MRS [leader NA]; Unity Alliance or AU [leader NA]	Conservative Party of Nicaragua or PCN [Mario RAPPACCIOLI]; Independent Liberal Party or PLI [Anibal MARTINEZ Nunez, Pedro REYES Vallejos]; Nicaraguan Party of the Christian Path or PCCN [Guillermo OSORNO Molina]; Nicaraguan Resistance Party or PRN [Salvador TALAVERA]; Sandinista National Liberation Front or FSLN [Daniel ORTEGA Saavedra]; Sandinista Renovation Movement or MRS [leader NA]; Unity Alliance or AU [leader NA]; Liberal Constitutional Party or PLC [Jorge CASTILLO Quant]; Alliance for the Republic or APRE [Miguel LOPEZ Baldizon, Oscar WENDOLYN Vargas, Karla WHITE]; Liberal Salvation Movement or MSL [Eliseo NUNEZ Hernandez]; Christian Alternative Party or AC [Orlando TARDENCILLA Espinoza]
Population	5,465,100 (July 2005 est.)	5,359,759 (July 2004 est.)
Population growth rate	1.92% (2005 est.)	1.97% (2004 est.)
Ports and harbors	Bluefields, Corinto, El Bluff	Bluefields, Corinto, El Bluff, Puerto Cabezas, Puerto Sandino, Rama, San Juan del Sur
Railways	total: 6 km narrow gauge: 6 km 1.067-m gauge (2004)	total: 6 km narrow gauge: 6 km 1.067-m gauge (2003)
Religions	Roman Catholic 72.9%, Evangelical 15.1%, Moravian 1.5%, Episcopal 0.1%, other 1.9%, none 8.5% (1995 census)	Roman Catholic 85%, Protestant
Sex ratio	at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.99 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.78 male(s)/female total population: 1 male(s)/female (2005 est.)	at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.99 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.78 male(s)/female total population: 1 male(s)/female (2004 est.)
Total fertility rate	2.81 children born/woman (2005 est.)	2.89 children born/woman (2004 est.)
Unemployment rate	7.8% plus underemployment of 46.5% (2003 est.)	22% plus considerable underemployment (2003 est.)

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