Compare Nicaragua (2004) - Nicaragua (2005)

Compare Nicaragua (2004) z Nicaragua (2005)

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	Nicaragua (2004)	Nicaragua (2005)

Age structure	0-14 years: 38.1% (male 1,038,887; female 1,001,518) 15-64 years: 58.9% (male 1,570,494; female 1,586,706) 65 years and over: 3% (male 71,125; female 91,029) (2004 est.)	0-14 years: 37.2% (male 1,036,487/female 999,226) 15-64 years: 59.7% (male 1,623,065/female 1,638,017) 65 years and over: 3.1% (male 73,935/female 94,370) (2005 est.)
Airports	176 (2003 est.)	176 (2004 est.)
Birth rate	25.5 births/1,000 population (2004 est.)	24.88 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Budget	revenues: $672.5 million expenditures: $954.9 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (2003 est.)	revenues: $725.5 million expenditures: $1.039 billion, including capital expenditures of NA (2004 est.)
Constitution	9 January 1987, with reforms in 1995 and 2000	9 January 1987; reforms in 1995 and 2000
Currency	gold cordoba (NIO)	-
Death rate	4.54 deaths/1,000 population (2004 est.)	4.49 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Debt - external	$5.833 billion (2003 est.)	$4.573 billion (2004 est.)
Disputes - international	territorial disputes with Colombia over the Archipelago de San Andres y Providencia and Quita Sueno Bank region; the 1992 ICJ ruling for El Salvador and Honduras advised a tripartite resolution to establish a maritime boundary in the Gulf of Fonseca, which considers Honduran access to the Pacific; legal dispute over navigational rights of San Juan River on border with Costa Rica	Nicaragua filed a claim against Honduras in 1999 and against Colombia in 2001 at the ICJ over disputed maritime boundary involving 50,000 sq km in the Caribbean Sea, including the Archipelago de San Andres y Providencia and Quita Sueno Bank; the 1992 ICJ ruling for El Salvador and Honduras advised a tripartite resolution to establish a maritime boundary in the Gulf of Fonseca, which considers Honduran access to the Pacific; legal dispute over navigational rights of San Juan River on border with Costa Rica
Economic aid - recipient	Substantial foreign support (2001)	$541.8 million (2003)
Economy - overview	Nicaragua, one of the hemisphere's poorest countries, faces low per capita income, massive unemployment, and huge external debt. Distribution of income is one of the most unequal on the globe. While the country has made progress toward macroeconomic stability over the past few years, GDP annual growth of 1.5% - 2.5% has been far too low to meet the country's need. Nicaragua will continue to be dependent on international aid and debt relief under the Heavily Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) initiative. Nicaragua has undertaken significant economic reforms that are expected to help the country qualify for more than $4 billion in debt relief under HIPC in early 2004. Donors have made aid conditional on the openness of government financial operation, poverty alleviation, and human rights. A three-year poverty reduction and growth plan, agreed to with the IMF in December 2002, guides economic policy.	Nicaragua, one of the hemisphere's poorest countries, faces low per capita income, massive unemployment, and huge external debt. Distribution of income is one of the most unequal on the globe. While the country has made progress toward macroeconomic stability over the past few years, GDP annual growth has been far too low to meet the country's needs. As a result of successful performance under its International Monetary Fund policy program and other efforts, Nicaragua qualified in early 2004 for some $4 billion in foreign debt reduction under the Heavily Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) initiative. Even after this reduction, however, the government continues to bear a significant foreign and domestic debt burden. If ratified, the US-Central America Free Trade Agreement (CAFTA) will provide an opportunity for Nicaragua to attract investment, create jobs, and deepen economic development. While President BOLANOS enjoys the support of the international financial bodies, his internal political base is meager.
Electricity - consumption	2.388 billion kWh (2001)	2.318 billion kWh (2002)
Electricity - exports	0 kWh (2001)	6.8 million kWh (2002)
Electricity - imports	17 million kWh (2001)	15.3 million kWh (2002)
Electricity - production	2.549 billion kWh (2001)	2.553 billion kWh (2002)
Exchange rates	gold cordobas per US dollar - 14.2513 (2003), 14.2513 (2002), 13.3719 (2001), 12.6844 (2000), 11.8092 (1999)	gold cordobas per US dollar - 15.937 (2004), 15.105 (2003), 14.251 (2002), 13.372 (2001), 12.684 (2000)
Exports	NA (2001)	738 bbl/day (2003)
Exports - commodities	coffee, shrimp and lobster, cotton, tobacco, bananas, beef, sugar, gold	coffee, beef, shrimp and lobster, tobacco, sugar, gold, peanuts
Exports - partners	US 35.9%, El Salvador 17.2%, Costa Rica 8.1%, Honduras 7.3%, Mexico 4.6%, Guatemala 4.3% (2003)	US 64.8%, El Salvador 7%, Mexico 3.6% (2004)
GDP	purchasing power parity - $11.6 billion (2003 est.)	-
GDP - composition by sector	agriculture: 28.9% industry: 25.4% services: 45.7% (2003 est.)	agriculture: 20.7% industry: 24.7% services: 54.6% (2004 est.)
GDP - per capita	purchasing power parity - $2,300 (2003 est.)	purchasing power parity - $2,300 (2004 est.)
GDP - real growth rate	2.3% (2003 est.)	4% (2004 est.)
Highways	total: 19,032 km paved: 2,094 km unpaved: 16,938 km (2000)	total: 18,712 km paved: 2,126 km unpaved: 16,586 km (2002)
Household income or consumption by percentage share	lowest 10%: 0.7% highest 10%: 48.8% (1998)	lowest 10%: 1.2% highest 10%: 45% (2001)
Imports	NA (2001)	27,950 bbl/day (2003)
Imports - commodities	machinery and equipment, raw materials, petroleum products, consumer goods	consumer goods, machinery and equipment, raw materials, petroleum products
Imports - partners	US 24.9%, Venezuela 9.7%, Costa Rica 9%, Mexico 8.4%, Guatemala 7.3%, El Salvador 4.9%, Japan 4.3% (2003)	US 22.6%, Costa Rica 8.5%, Venezuela 8.4%, Guatemala 6.8%, Mexico 5.8%, El Salvador 4.9%, South Korea 4.5% (2004)
Infant mortality rate	total: 30.15 deaths/1,000 live births male: 33.73 deaths/1,000 live births female: 26.38 deaths/1,000 live births (2004 est.)	total: 29.11 deaths/1,000 live births male: 32.6 deaths/1,000 live births female: 25.44 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices)	5.3% (2003 est.)	9.3% (2004 est.)
Labor force	1.91 million (2003)	1.93 million (2004 est.)
Labor force - by occupation	agriculture 42%, industry 15%, services 43% (1999 est.)	agriculture 30.5%, industry 17.3%, services 52.2% (2003 est.)
Languages	Spanish (official) note: English and indigenous languages on Atlantic coast	Spanish 97.5% (official), Miskito 1.7%, other 0.8% (1995 census) note: English and indigenous languages on Atlantic coast
Life expectancy at birth	total population: 70.02 years male: 67.99 years female: 72.16 years (2004 est.)	total population: 70.33 years male: 68.27 years female: 72.49 years (2005 est.)
Merchant marine	none	-
Military branches	Army (includes Navy), Navy	Army (includes Navy, Air Force)
Military expenditures - dollar figure	$30.8 million (2003)	$32.8 million (2004)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP	1.2% (2003)	0.7% (2004)
Military manpower - availability	males age 15-49: 1,399,356 (2004 est.)	-
Military manpower - fit for military service	males age 15-49: 858,022 (2004 est.)	-
Military manpower - reaching military age annually	males: 61,869 (2004 est.)	-
Net migration rate	-1.22 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2004 est.)	-1.19 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Political parties and leaders	Conservative Party of Nicaragua or PCN [Mario RAPPACCIOLI]; Independent Liberal Party or PLI [Anibal MARTINEZ Nunez, Pedro REYES Vallejos]; Nicaraguan Party of the Christian Path or PCCN [Guillermo OSORNO Molina]; Nicaraguan Resistance Party or PRN [Salvador TALAVERA]; Sandinista National Liberation Front or FSLN [Daniel ORTEGA Saavedra]; Sandinista Renovation Movement or MRS [leader NA]; Unity Alliance or AU [leader NA]; Liberal Constitutional Party or PLC [Jorge CASTILLO Quant]; Alliance for the Republic or APRE [Miguel LOPEZ Baldizon, Oscar WENDOLYN Vargas, Karla WHITE]; Liberal Salvation Movement or MSL [Eliseo NUNEZ Hernandez]; Christian Alternative Party or AC [Orlando TARDENCILLA Espinoza]	Alliance for the Republic or APRE [Miguel LOPEZ Baldizon, Oscar WENDOLYN Vargas, Karla WHITE]; Central American Unionist Party or PUCA [leader NA]; Christian Alternative Party or AC [Orlando TARDENCILLA Espinoza]; Conservative Party of Nicaragua or PCN [Mario RAPPACCIOLI]; Independent Liberal Party or PLI [Anibal MARTINEZ Nunez, Pedro REYES Vallejos]; Independent Liberal Party for National Unity or PLIUN [leader NA]; Liberal Constitutional Party or PLC [Jorge CASTILLO Quant]; Liberal Salvation Movement or MSL [Eliseo NUNEZ Hernandez]; New Liberal Party or PALI [leader NA]; Nicaraguan Party of the Christian Path or PCCN [Guillermo OSORNO Molina]; Nicaraguan Resistance Party or PRN [Salvador TALAVERA]; Sandinista National Liberation Front or FSLN [Daniel ORTEGA Saavedra]; Sandinista Renovation Movement or MRS [leader NA]; Unity Alliance or AU [leader NA]
Population	5,359,759 (July 2004 est.)	5,465,100 (July 2005 est.)
Population growth rate	1.97% (2004 est.)	1.92% (2005 est.)
Ports and harbors	Bluefields, Corinto, El Bluff, Puerto Cabezas, Puerto Sandino, Rama, San Juan del Sur	Bluefields, Corinto, El Bluff
Railways	total: 6 km narrow gauge: 6 km 1.067-m gauge (2003)	total: 6 km narrow gauge: 6 km 1.067-m gauge (2004)
Religions	Roman Catholic 85%, Protestant	Roman Catholic 72.9%, Evangelical 15.1%, Moravian 1.5%, Episcopal 0.1%, other 1.9%, none 8.5% (1995 census)
Sex ratio	at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.99 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.78 male(s)/female total population: 1 male(s)/female (2004 est.)	at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.99 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.78 male(s)/female total population: 1 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
Total fertility rate	2.89 children born/woman (2004 est.)	2.81 children born/woman (2005 est.)
Unemployment rate	22% plus considerable underemployment (2003 est.)	7.8% plus underemployment of 46.5% (2003 est.)

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