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Compare Mozambique (2002) - Qatar (2005)

Compare Mozambique (2002) z Qatar (2005)

 Mozambique (2002)Qatar (2005)
 MozambiqueQatar
Administrative divisions 10 provinces (provincias, singular - provincia), 1 city*; Cabo Delgado, Gaza, Inhambane, Manica, Maputo, Maputo City*, Nampula, Niassa, Sofala, Tete, Zambezia 10 municipalities (baladiyat, singular - baladiyah); Ad Dawhah, Al Ghuwayriyah, Al Jumayliyah, Al Khawr, Al Wakrah, Ar Rayyan, Jarayan al Batinah, Madinat ash Shamal, Umm Sa'id, Umm Salal
Age structure 0-14 years: 42.5% (male 4,162,413; female 4,176,295)


15-64 years: 54.7% (male 5,313,511; female 5,407,052)


65 years and over: 2.8% (male 227,761; female 320,487) (2002 est.)
0-14 years: 23.7% (male 104,453/female 100,295)


15-64 years: 72.9% (male 437,118/female 191,830)


65 years and over: 3.4% (male 21,599/female 7,756) (2005 est.)
Agriculture - products cotton, cashew nuts, sugarcane, tea, cassava (tapioca), corn, coconuts, sisal, citrus and tropical fruits, potatoes, sunflowers; beef, poultry fruits, vegetables; poultry, dairy products, beef; fish
Airports 166 (2001) 4 (2004 est.)
Airports - with paved runways total: 22


over 3,047 m: 1


2,438 to 3,047 m: 3


1,524 to 2,437 m: 10


914 to 1,523 m: 3


under 914 m: 5 (2002)
total: 2


over 3,047 m: 2 (2004 est.)
Airports - with unpaved runways total: 143


2,438 to 3,047 m: 1


1,524 to 2,437 m: 16


914 to 1,523 m: 35


under 914 m: 91 (2002)
total: 2


914 to 1,523 m: 1


under 914 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Area total: 801,590 sq km


land: 784,090 sq km


water: 17,500 sq km
total: 11,437 sq km


land: 11,437 sq km


water: 0 sq km
Area - comparative slightly less than twice the size of California slightly smaller than Connecticut
Background Almost five centuries as a Portuguese colony came to a close with independence in 1975. Large-scale emigration by whites, economic dependence on South Africa, a severe drought, and a prolonged civil war hindered the country's development. The ruling party formally abandoned Marxism in 1989, and a new constitution the following year provided for multiparty elections and a free market economy. A UN-negotiated peace agreement with rebel forces ended the fighting in 1992. Heavy flooding in both 1999 and 2000 severely hurt the economy. Ruled by the Al Thani family since the mid-1800s, Qatar transformed itself from a poor British protectorate noted mainly for pearling into an independent state with significant oil and natural gas revenues. During the late 1980s and early 1990s, the Qatari economy was crippled by a continuous siphoning off of petroleum revenues by the amir, who had ruled the country since 1972. His son, the current Amir HAMAD bin Khalifa Al Thani, overthrew him in a bloodless coup in 1995. In 2001, Qatar resolved its longstanding border disputes with both Bahrain and Saudi Arabia. Oil and natural gas revenues enable Qatar to have one of the highest per capita incomes in the world.
Birth rate 36.41 births/1,000 population (2002 est.) 15.54 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Budget revenues: $393.1 million


expenditures: $1.025 billion, including capital expenditures of $479.4 million (2001 est.)
revenues: $10.17 billion


expenditures: $7.61 billion, including capital expenditures of $2.2 billion (2004 est.)
Capital Maputo Doha
Climate tropical to subtropical arid; mild, pleasant winters; very hot, humid summers
Coastline 2,470 km 563 km
Constitution 30 November 1990 ratified by public referendum on 29 April 2003, endorsed by the Emir on 8 June 2004, effective on 9 June 2005
Country name conventional long form: Republic of Mozambique


conventional short form: Mozambique


local long form: Republica de Mocambique


local short form: Mocambique


former: Portuguese East Africa
conventional long form: State of Qatar


conventional short form: Qatar


local long form: Dawlat Qatar


local short form: Qatar


note: closest approximation of the native pronunciation falls between cutter and gutter, but not like guitar
Currency metical (MZM) -
Death rate 25.13 deaths/1,000 population (2002 est.) 4.61 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Debt - external $1 billion (2001 est.) $18.62 billion (2004 est.)
Diplomatic representation from the US chief of mission: Ambassador Sharon P. WILKINSON


embassy: Avenida Kenneth Kuanda 193, Maputo


mailing address: P. O. Box 783, Maputo


telephone: [258] (1) 492797


FAX: [258] (1) 490448
chief of mission: Ambassador Chase UNTERMEYER


embassy: Al-Luqta District, 22 February Road, Doha


mailing address: P. O. Box 2399, Doha


telephone: [974] 488 4101


FAX: [974] 488 4298
Diplomatic representation in the US chief of mission: Ambassador Armando PANGUENE


chancery: 1990 M Street NW, Suite 570, Washington, DC 20036


telephone: [1] (202) 293-7146


FAX: [1] (202) 835-0245
chief of mission: Ambassador Nasir bin Hamad bin Mubarak al-KHALIFA


chancery: 4200 Wisconsin Avenue NW, Suite 200, Washington, DC 20016


telephone: [1] (202) 274-1600 and 274-1603


FAX: [1] (202) 237-0061


consulate(s) general: Houston
Disputes - international none none
Economic aid - recipient $632.8 million (2001) NA
Economy - overview At independence in 1975, Mozambique was one of the world's poorest countries. Socialist mismanagement and a brutal civil war from 1977-92 exacerbated the situation. In 1988, the government embarked on a series of dramatic macroeconomic reforms designed to stabilize the economy and reduce government participation. These steps combined with the political stability that has prevailed since the 1994 multi-party elections have led to dramatic improvements in the country's growth rate fueled by foreign and domestic investments and donor assistance. Inflation was brought to single digits during the same period, although it has returned to double digits in 2000 and 2001. Foreign exchange rates have remained relatively stable. Fiscal reforms, including the introduction of a value-added tax and reform of the customs service, have improved the government's revenue collection abilities. In spite of these gains, Mozambique remains dependent upon foreign assistance for much of its annual budget, and the majority of the population remains below the poverty line. Subsistence agriculture continues to employ the vast majority of the country's workforce. A substantial trade imbalance persists, although it has diminished with the opening of the MOZAL aluminum smelter, the country's largest foreign investment project. Additional investment projects in titanium extraction/processing and garment manufacturing should further close the import/export gap. Mozambique's once substantial foreign debt has been reduced through forgiveness and rescheduling under the IMF's Heavily Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) and Enhanced HIPC initiatives, and is now at a manageable level. Oil and gas account for more than 55% of GDP, roughly 85% of export earnings, and 70% of government revenues. Oil and gas have given Qatar a per capita GDP about 80% of that of the leading West European industrial countries. Proved oil reserves of 16 billion barrels should ensure continued output at current levels for 23 years. Qatar's proved reserves of natural gas exceed 14 trillion cubic meters, more than 5% of the world total and third largest in the world. Long-term goals feature the development of offshore natural gas reserves to offset the ultimate decline in oil production. In recent years, Qatar has consistently posted trade surpluses largely because of high oil prices and increased natural gas exports, becoming one of the world's fastest growing and highest per-capita income countries.
Electricity - consumption 925.81 million kWh (2000) 9.046 billion kWh (2002)
Electricity - exports 5.7 billion kWh (2000) 0 kWh (2002)
Electricity - imports 100 million kWh (2000) 0 kWh (2002)
Electricity - production 7.017 billion kWh (2000) 9.727 billion kWh (2002)
Electricity - production by source fossil fuel: 4%


hydro: 96%


nuclear: 0%


other: 0% (2000)
-
Elevation extremes lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m


highest point: Monte Binga 2,436 m
lowest point: Persian Gulf 0 m


highest point: Qurayn Abu al Bawl 103 m
Environment - current issues a long civil war and recurrent drought in the hinterlands have resulted in increased migration of the population to urban and coastal areas with adverse environmental consequences; desertification; pollution of surface and coastal waters; elephant poaching for ivory is a problem limited natural fresh water resources are increasing dependence on large-scale desalination facilities
Environment - international agreements party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection


signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection


signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Ethnic groups indigenous tribal groups 99.66% (Shangaan, Chokwe, Manyika, Sena, Makua, and others), Europeans 0.06%, Euro-Africans 0.2%, Indians 0.08% Arab 40%, Pakistani 18%, Indian 18%, Iranian 10%, other 14%
Exchange rates meticais per US dollar - 23,314.2 (January 2002), 20,703.6 (2001), 15,447.1 (2000), 13,028.6 (1999), 12,110.2 (1998), 11,772.6 (1997)


note: effective October 2000, the exchange rate is determined as the weighted average of buying and selling exchange rates of all transactions of commercial banks and stock exchanges with the public; meticais is the plural form of metical
Qatari rials per US dollar - 3.64 (2004), 3.64 (2003), 3.64 (2002), 3.64 (2001), 3.64 (2000)
Executive branch chief of state: President Joaquim Alberto CHISSANO (since 6 November 1986); note - before being popularly elected, CHISSANO was elected president by Frelimo's Central Committee on 4 November 1986 (reelected by the Committee 30 July 1989)


head of government: Prime Minister Pascoal MOCUMBI (since 17 December 1994)


cabinet: Cabinet


elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; election last held 3-5 December 1999 (next to be held NA 2004); prime minister appointed by the president


election results: Joaquim Alberto CHISSANO reelected president; percent of vote - Joaquim Alberto CHISSANO 52.29%, Afonso DHLAKAMA 47.71%
chief of state: Amir HAMAD bin Khalifa al-Thani (since 27 June 1995 when, as crown prince, he ousted his father, Amir KHALIFA bin Hamad al-Thani, in a bloodless coup); Crown Prince TAMIM bin Hamad bin Khalifa al-Thani, third son of the monarch (selected Heir Apparent by the monarch on 5 August 2003); note - Amir HAMAD also holds the positions of Minister of Defense and Commander-in-chief of the Armed Forces


head of government: Prime Minister ABDALLAH bin Khalifa al-Thani, brother of the monarch (since 30 October 1996); Deputy Prime Minister MUHAMMAD bin Khalifa al-Thani, brother of the monarch (since 20 January 1998); First Deputy Prime Minister HAMAD bin JASIM bin JABIR al-Thani (since 16 September 2003; also Foreign Minister since 1992); Second Deputy Prime Minister Abdallah bin Hamad al-ATTIYAH (since 16 September 2003; also Energy Minister since NA 1992)


cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the monarch


elections: none; the monarch is hereditary


note: in April 2003, Qatar held nationwide elections for a 29-member Central Municipal Council (CMC), which has consultative powers aimed at improving the provision of municipal services; the first election for the CMC was held in March 1999
Exports $746 million f.o.b. (2001 est.) NA
Exports - commodities prawns 40%, cashews, cotton, sugar, citrus, timber; bulk electricity (2000) liquefied natural gas (LNG), petroleum products, fertilizers, steel
Exports - partners South Africa 12.7%, Zimbabwe 12.2%, Spain 10.6%, Portugal 10.0% (2000) Japan 41.9%, South Korea 15.8%, Singapore 9.1%, India 5.4% (2004)
Fiscal year calendar year 1 April - 31 March
Flag description three equal horizontal bands of green (top), black, and yellow with a red isosceles triangle based on the hoist side; the black band is edged in white; centered in the triangle is a yellow five-pointed star bearing a crossed rifle and hoe in black superimposed on an open white book maroon with a broad white serrated band (nine white points) on the hoist side
GDP purchasing power parity - $17.5 billion (2001 est.) -
GDP - composition by sector agriculture: 33%


industry: 25%


services: 42% (2000 est.)
agriculture: 0.3%


industry: 58.2%


services: 41.5% (2004 est.)
GDP - per capita purchasing power parity - $900 (2001 est.) purchasing power parity - $23,200 (2004 est.)
GDP - real growth rate 9.2% (2001 est.) 8.7% (2004 est.)
Geographic coordinates 18 15 S, 35 00 E 25 30 N, 51 15 E
Geography - note the Zambezi flows through the north-central and most fertile part of the country strategic location in central Persian Gulf near major petroleum deposits
Heliports - 1 (2004 est.)
Highways total: 30,400 km


paved: 5,685 km


unpaved: 24,715 km (1996)
total: 1,230 km


paved: 1,107 km


unpaved: 123 km (1999 est.)
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%: 3%


highest 10%: 32% (1996-97)
lowest 10%: NA


highest 10%: NA
Illicit drugs Southern African transit point for South Asian hashish, South Asian heroin, and South American cocaine probably destined for the European and South African markets; producer of cannabis (for local consumption) and methaqualone (for export to South Africa); corruption and poor regulatory capability makes the banking system vulnerable to money laundering, but the lack of a well-developed financial infrastructure limits the country's utility as a money-laundering center -
Imports $1.254 billion c.i.f. (2001 est.) NA
Imports - commodities machinery and equipment, mineral products, chemicals, metals, foodstuffs, textiles (2000) machinery and transport equipment, food, chemicals
Imports - partners South Africa 33.5%, Portugal 4.8%, US 4.2%, Australia 3.8% (2000) France 26.6%, US 9.5%, Saudi Arabia 9.4%, UAE 6.3%, Germany 5.2%, Japan 5.2%, UK 5.1% (2004)
Independence 25 June 1975 (from Portugal) 3 September 1971 (from UK)
Industrial production growth rate 3.4% (2000) 10% (2003 est.)
Industries food, beverages, chemicals (fertilizer, soap, paints), petroleum products, textiles, cement, glass, asbestos, tobacco crude oil production and refining, ammonia, fertilizers, petrochemicals, steel reinforcing bars, cement, commercial ship repair
Infant mortality rate 138.55 deaths/1,000 live births (2002 est.) total: 18.61 deaths/1,000 live births


male: 21.95 deaths/1,000 live births


female: 15.11 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 10% (2001 est.) 3% (2004 est.)
International organization participation ACP, AfDB, C, CCC, ECA, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), ISO (correspondent), ITU, MONUC, NAM, OAU, OIC, OPCW, SADC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNTAET, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO ABEDA, AFESD, AMF, FAO, G-77, GCC, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICRM, IDB, IFAD, IFRCS, IHO (pending member), ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, ISO, ITU, LAS, MIGA, NAM, OAPEC, OAS (observer), OIC, OPCW, OPEC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, WToO
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) 11 (2002) -
Irrigated land 1,070 sq km (1998 est.) 130 sq km (1998 est.)
Judicial branch Supreme Court (the court of final appeal; some of its professional judges are appointed by the president and some are elected by the Assembly); other courts include an Administrative Court, customs courts, maritime courts, courts marshal, labor courts


note: although the constitution provides for the creation of a separate Constitutional Court, one has never been established; in its absence the Supreme Court reviews constitutional cases
Court of Appeal


note: under the new judiciary law issued in 2003, the former two court systems, civil and Islamic law, were merged under a higher court, the Court of Cassation, established for appeals
Labor force 7.4 million (1997 est.) 140,000 (2004 est.)
Labor force - by occupation agriculture 81%, industry 6%, services 13% (1997 est.) -
Land boundaries total: 4,571 km


border countries: Malawi 1,569 km, South Africa 491 km, Swaziland 105 km, Tanzania 756 km, Zambia 419 km, Zimbabwe 1,231 km
total: 60 km


border countries: Saudi Arabia 60 km
Land use arable land: 3.98%


permanent crops: 0.29%


other: 95.73% (1998 est.)
arable land: 1.64%


permanent crops: 0.27%


other: 98.09% (2001)
Languages Portuguese (official), indigenous dialects Arabic (official), English commonly used as a second language
Legal system based on Portuguese civil law system and customary law discretionary system of law controlled by the amir, although civil codes are being implemented; Islamic law dominates family and personal matters
Legislative branch unicameral Assembly of the Republic or Assembleia da Republica (250 seats; members are directly elected by popular vote on a secret ballot to serve five-year terms)


elections: last held 3-5 December 1999 (next to be held NA 2004)


election results: percent of vote by party - Frelimo 48.54%, Renamo-UE 38.81%; seats by party - Frelimo 133, Renamo-UE 117


note: Renamo-UE ran as a multiparty coalition; none of the other opposition parties received the 5% required to win parliamentary seats; in September 2000, Renamo-UE member Raul DOMINGOS was expelled from the party, he continues to hold his parliamentary seat as an independent
unicameral Advisory Council or Majlis al-Shura (35 seats; members appointed)


note: no legislative elections have been held since 1970 when there were partial elections to the body; Council members have had their terms extended every four years since; the new constitution, which came into force on 8 June 2004, provides for a 45-member Consultative Council, or Majlis al-Shura; the public would elect two-thirds of the Majlis al-Shura; the amir would appoint the remaining members
Life expectancy at birth total population: 35.46 years


male: 36.25 years


female: 34.65 years (2002 est.)
total population: 73.67 years


male: 71.15 years


female: 76.32 years (2005 est.)
Literacy definition: age 15 and over can read and write


total population: 42.3%


male: 58.4%


female: 27% (1998 est.)
definition: age 15 and over can read and write


total population: 89%


male: 89.1%


female: 88.6% (2004 est.)
Location Southern Africa, bordering the Mozambique Channel, between South Africa and Tanzania Middle East, peninsula bordering the Persian Gulf and Saudi Arabia
Map references Africa Middle East
Maritime claims exclusive economic zone: 200 NM


territorial sea: 12 NM
territorial sea: 12 nm


contiguous zone: 24 nm


exclusive economic zone: as determined by bilateral agreements or the median line
Merchant marine total: 3 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 4,125 GRT/7,024 DWT


ships by type: cargo 3


note: includes some foreign-owned ships registered here as a flag of convenience: Belgium 2 (2002 est.)
total: 22 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 525,051 GRT/772,635 DWT


by type: cargo 3, chemical tanker 5, container 8, liquefied gas 2, petroleum tanker 3, roll on/roll off 1


foreign-owned: 6 (Kuwait 6) (2005)
Military branches Army, Naval Command, Air and Air Defense Forces, Special Forces, Militia Qatari Amiri Land Force (QALF), Qatari Amiri Navy (QAN), Qatari Amiri Air Force (QAAF)
Military expenditures - dollar figure $35.1 million (2000 est.) $723 million (FY00)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP 1% (2000 est.) 10% (FY00)
Military manpower - availability males age 15-49: 4,711,318 (2002 est.) -
Military manpower - fit for military service males age 15-49: 2,720,583 (2002 est.) -
National holiday Independence Day, 25 June (1975) Independence Day, 3 September (1971)
Nationality noun: Mozambican(s)


adjective: Mozambican
noun: Qatari(s)


adjective: Qatari
Natural hazards severe droughts; devastating cyclones and floods occur in central and southern provinces haze, dust storms, sandstorms common
Natural resources coal, titanium, natural gas, hydropower, tantalum, graphite petroleum, natural gas, fish
Net migration rate 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2002 est.) 15.17 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Pipelines crude oil 306 km; petroleum products 289 km


note: not operating
condensate 319 km; condensate/gas 209 km; gas 1,024 km; liquid petroleum gas 87 km; oil 702 km; oil/gas/water 41 km (2004)
Political parties and leaders Front for the Liberation of Mozambique (Frente de Liberatacao de Mocambique) or Frelimo [Joaquim Alberto CHISSANO, president]; Mozambique National Resistance-Electoral Union (Resistencia Nacional Mocambicana-Uniao Eleitoral) or Renamo-UE [Afonso DHLAKAMA, president] none
Political pressure groups and leaders Institute for Peace and Democracy (Instituto para Paz e Democracia) or IPADE [Raul DOMINGOS, president]; Etica [Abdul CARIMO Issa, chairman]; Movement for Peace and Citizenship (Movimento para Paz e Cidadania); Mozambican League of Human Rights (Liga Mocambicana dos Direitos Humanos) or LDH [Alice MABOTE, president]; Human Rights and Development (Direitos Humanos e Desenvolvimento) or DHD [Artemisia FRANCO, secretary general] none
Population 19,607,519


note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected; the 1997 Mozambican census reported a population of 16,099,246 (July 2002 est.)
863,051 (July 2005 est.)
Population below poverty line 70% (2001 est.) NA
Population growth rate 1.13% (2002 est.) 2.61% (2005 est.)
Ports and harbors Beira, Inhambane, Maputo, Nacala, Pemba, Quelimane Doha
Radio broadcast stations AM 13, FM 17, shortwave 11 (2001) AM 6, FM 5, shortwave 1 (1998)
Radios 730,000 (1997) -
Railways total: 3,131 km


narrow gauge: 2,988 km 1.067-m gauge; 143 km 0.762-m gauge (2001)
-
Religions indigenous beliefs 50%, Christian 30%, Muslim 20% Muslim 95%
Sex ratio at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 0.98 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.71 male(s)/female


total population: 0.98 male(s)/female (2002 est.)
at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 2.28 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 2.78 male(s)/female


total population: 1.88 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
Suffrage 18 years of age; universal 18 years of age; universal
Telephone system general assessment: fair system but not available generally (telephone density is only 3.5 telephones for each 1,000 persons)


domestic: the system consists of open-wire lines and trunk connection by microwave radio relay and tropospheric scatter


international: satellite earth stations - 5 Intelsat (2 Atlantic Ocean and 3 Indian Ocean)
general assessment: modern system centered in Doha


domestic: NA


international: country code - 974; tropospheric scatter to Bahrain; microwave radio relay to Saudi Arabia and UAE; submarine cable to Bahrain and UAE; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean) and 1 Arabsat
Telephones - main lines in use 90,000 (December 2001) 184,500 (2003)
Telephones - mobile cellular 100,000 (June 2001 est) 376,500 (2003)
Television broadcast stations 1 (2001) 1 (plus three repeaters) (2001)
Terrain mostly coastal lowlands, uplands in center, high plateaus in northwest, mountains in west mostly flat and barren desert covered with loose sand and gravel
Total fertility rate 4.71 children born/woman (2002 est.) 2.87 children born/woman (2005 est.)
Unemployment rate 21% (1997 est.) 2.7% (2001)
Waterways 3,750 km (navigable routes) -
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