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 Monaco (2008)Monaco (2006)
 MonacoMonaco
Administrative divisions none; there are no first-order administrative divisions as defined by the US Government, but there are four quarters (quartiers, singular - quartier); Fontvieille, La Condamine, Monaco-Ville, Monte-Carlo none; there are no first-order administrative divisions as defined by the US Government, but there are four quarters (quartiers, singular - quartier); Fontvieille, La Condamine, Monaco-Ville, Monte-Carlo
Age structure 0-14 years: 15% (male 2,514/female 2,394)


15-64 years: 62.3% (male 10,047/female 10,312)


65 years and over: 22.7% (male 3,019/female 4,385) (2007 est.)
0-14 years: 15.2% (male 2,539/female 2,417)


15-64 years: 62.1% (male 9,959/female 10,266)


65 years and over: 22.6% (male 3,015/female 4,347) (2006 est.)
Agriculture - products none none
Area total: 1.95 sq km


land: 1.95 sq km


water: 0 sq km
total: 1.95 sq km


land: 1.95 sq km


water: 0 sq km
Area - comparative about three times the size of The Mall in Washington, DC about three times the size of The Mall in Washington, DC
Background The Genoese built a fortress on the site of present-day Monaco in 1215. The current ruling Grimaldi family secured control in the late 13th century, and a principality was established in 1338. Economic development was spurred in the late 19th century with a railroad linkup to France and the opening of a casino. Since then, the principality's mild climate, splendid scenery, and gambling facilities have made Monaco world famous as a tourist and recreation center. The Genoese built a fortress on the site of present-day Monaco in 1215. The current ruling Grimaldi family secured control in the late 13th century, and a principality was established in 1338. Economic development was spurred in the late 19th century with a railroad linkup to France and the opening of a casino. Since then, the principality's mild climate, splendid scenery, and gambling facilities have made Monaco world famous as a tourist and recreation center.
Birth rate 9.12 births/1,000 population (2007 est.) 9.19 births/1,000 population (2006 est.)
Budget revenues: $863 million


expenditures: $920.6 million (2005 est.)
revenues: $719.2 million


expenditures: $864.1 million; including capital expenditures of $283.1 million (2004)
Capital name: Monaco


geographic coordinates: 43 44 N, 7 25 E


time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)


daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October
name: Monaco


geographic coordinates: 43 44 N, 7 25 E


time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)


daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October
Climate Mediterranean with mild, wet winters and hot, dry summers Mediterranean with mild, wet winters and hot, dry summers
Coastline 4.1 km 4.1 km
Constitution 17 December 1962 17 December 1962
Country name conventional long form: Principality of Monaco


conventional short form: Monaco


local long form: Principaute de Monaco


local short form: Monaco
conventional long form: Principality of Monaco


conventional short form: Monaco


local long form: Principaute de Monaco


local short form: Monaco
Death rate 12.92 deaths/1,000 population (2007 est.) 12.91 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)
Debt - external $18 billion (2000 est.) $18 billion (2000 est.)
Diplomatic representation from the US the US does not have an embassy in Monaco; the US Ambassador to France is accredited to Monaco; the US Consul General in Marseille (France), under the authority of the US ambassador to France, handles routine diplomatic and consular matters concerning Monaco the US does not have an embassy in Monaco; the US Consul General in Marseille (France) under the authority of the US ambassador to France is accredited to Monaco
Diplomatic representation in the US chief of mission: Ambassador to the US and UN Gilles NOGHES


chancery: 565 Fifth Avenue, 3rd floor, New York, NY 10017


telephone: (212) 286-0500


FAX: (212) 286-1574
Monaco does not have an embassy in the US


consulate(s) general: New York
Disputes - international none none
Economic aid - recipient $NA $NA
Economy - overview Monaco, bordering France on the Mediterranean coast, is a popular resort, attracting tourists to its casino and pleasant climate. The principality also is a major banking center and has successfully sought to diversify into services and small, high-value-added, nonpolluting industries. The state has no income tax and low business taxes and thrives as a tax haven both for individuals who have established residence and for foreign companies that have set up businesses and offices. The state retains monopolies in a number of sectors, including tobacco, the telephone network, and the postal service. Living standards are high, roughly comparable to those in prosperous French metropolitan areas. Monaco, bordering France on the Mediterranean coast, is a popular resort, attracting tourists to its casino and pleasant climate. In 2001, a major construction project extended the pier used by cruise ships in the main harbor. The principality has successfully sought to diversify into services and small, high-value-added, nonpolluting industries. The state has no income tax and low business taxes and thrives as a tax haven both for individuals who have established residence and for foreign companies that have set up businesses and offices. The state retains monopolies in a number of sectors, including tobacco, the telephone network, and the postal service. Living standards are high, roughly comparable to those in prosperous French metropolitan areas.
Electricity - consumption NA kWh NA kWh
Electricity - imports NA kWh; note - electricity supplied by France NA kWh; note - electricity supplied by France
Elevation extremes lowest point: Mediterranean Sea 0 m


highest point: Mont Agel 140 m
lowest point: Mediterranean Sea 0 m


highest point: Mont Agel 140 m
Environment - current issues NA NA
Environment - international agreements party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Sulfur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling


signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling


signed, but not ratified: Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol
Ethnic groups French 47%, Monegasque 16%, Italian 16%, other 21% French 47%, Monegasque 16%, Italian 16%, other 21%
Exchange rates euros per US dollar - 0.7345 (2007), 0.7964 (2006), 0.8041 (2005), 0.8054 (2004), 0.886 (2003) euros per US dollar - 0.8041 (2005), 0.8054 (2004), 0.886 (2003), 1.0626 (2002), 1.1175 (2001)
Executive branch chief of state: Prince ALBERT II (since 6 April 2005)


head of government: Minister of State Jean-Paul PROUST (since 1 June 2005)


cabinet: Council of Government is under the authority of the monarch


elections: none; the monarchy is hereditary; minister of state appointed by the monarch from a list of three French national candidates presented by the French Government
chief of state: Prince ALBERT II (since 6 April 2005)


head of government: Minister of State Jean-Paul PROUST (since 1 June 2005)


cabinet: Council of Government is under the authority of the monarch


elections: none; the monarchy is hereditary; minister of state appointed by the monarch from a list of three French national candidates presented by the French Government
Exports $716.3 million


note: full customs integration with France, which collects and rebates Monegasque trade duties; also participates in EU market system through customs union with France (2005)
$656.5 million $NA


note: full customs integration with France, which collects and rebates Monegasque trade duties; also participates in EU market system through customs union with France
Fiscal year calendar year calendar year
Flag description two equal horizontal bands of red (top) and white; similar to the flag of Indonesia which is longer and the flag of Poland which is white (top) and red two equal horizontal bands of red (top) and white; similar to the flag of Indonesia which is longer and the flag of Poland which is white (top) and red
GDP - composition by sector agriculture: 0%


industry: 4.9%


services: 95.1% (2005)
agriculture: 17%


industry: NA%


services: NA%
GDP - real growth rate 0.9% (2000 est.) 0.9% (2000 est.)
Geographic coordinates 43 44 N, 7 24 E 43 44 N, 7 24 E
Geography - note second-smallest independent state in the world (after Holy See); almost entirely urban second-smallest independent state in the world (after Holy See); almost entirely urban
Heliports 1 (2007) 1 (2006)
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%: NA%


highest 10%: NA%
lowest 10%: NA%


highest 10%: NA%
Imports $916.1 million


note: full customs integration with France, which collects and rebates Monegasque trade duties; also participates in EU market system through customs union with France (2005)
$636.6 million $NA


note: full customs integration with France, which collects and rebates Monegasque trade duties; also participates in EU market system through customs union with France
Independence 1419 (beginning of rule by the House of Grimaldi) 1419 (beginning of the rule by the House of Grimaldi)
Industrial production growth rate NA% NA%
Industries tourism, construction, small-scale industrial and consumer products tourism, construction, small-scale industrial and consumer products
Infant mortality rate total: 5.27 deaths/1,000 live births


male: 6.09 deaths/1,000 live births


female: 4.4 deaths/1,000 live births (2007 est.)
total: 5.35 deaths/1,000 live births


male: 6.19 deaths/1,000 live births


female: 4.46 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 1.9% (2000) 1.9% (2000)
International organization participation ACCT, CE, FAO, IAEA, ICAO, ICC, ICCt (signatory), ICRM, IFRCS, IHO, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IPU, ITSO, ITU, OIF, OPCW, OSCE, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, Union Latina, UNWTO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO ACCT, CE, FAO, IAEA, ICAO, ICC, ICCt (signatory), ICRM, IFRCS, IHO, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IPU, ITU, OIF, OPCW, OSCE, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNITAR, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO
Irrigated land NA NA
Judicial branch Supreme Court or Tribunal Supreme (judges appointed by the monarch on the basis of nominations by the National Council) Supreme Court or Tribunal Supreme (judges appointed by the monarch on the basis of nominations by the National Council)
Labor force 44,000


note: includes workers from all foreign countries (2005 est.)
41,110


note: includes workers from all foreign countries (2004)
Land boundaries total: 4.4 km


border countries: France 4.4 km
total: 4.4 km


border countries: France 4.4 km
Land use arable land: 0%


permanent crops: 0%


other: 100% (urban area) (2005)
arable land: 0%


permanent crops: 0%


other: 100% (urban area) (2005)
Languages French (official), English, Italian, Monegasque French (official), English, Italian, Monegasque
Legal system based on French law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction based on French law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Legislative branch unicameral National Council or Conseil National (24 seats; 16 members elected by list majority system, 8 by proportional representation; to serve five-year terms)


elections: last held 3 February 2008 (next to be held February 2013)


election results: percent of vote by party - UPM 52.2%, REM 40.5%, Monaco Together 7.3%; seats by party - UPM 21, REM 3
unicameral National Council or Conseil National (24 seats; 16 members elected by list majority system, 8 by proportional representation; to serve five-year terms)


elections: last held 9 February 2003 (next to be held February 2008)


election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - UNAM 21, UND 3
Life expectancy at birth total population: 79.82 years


male: 75.99 years


female: 83.85 years (2007 est.)
total population: 79.69 years


male: 75.85 years


female: 83.74 years (2006 est.)
Literacy definition: age 15 and over can read and write


total population: 99%


male: 99%


female: 99% (2003 est.)
definition: age 15 and over can read and write


total population: 99%


male: 99%


female: 99% (2003 est.)
Location Western Europe, bordering the Mediterranean Sea on the southern coast of France, near the border with Italy Western Europe, bordering the Mediterranean Sea on the southern coast of France, near the border with Italy
Map references Europe Europe
Maritime claims territorial sea: 12 nm


exclusive economic zone: 12 nm
territorial sea: 12 nm
Merchant marine registered in other countries: 64 (Bahamas 11, Barbados 1, Georgia 10, Isle of Man 3, Liberia 8, Malta 1, Marshall Islands 7, Norway 5, Panama 11, St Kitts and Nevis 1, St Vincent and The Grenadines 6, unknown 1) (2007) registered in other countries: 77 (Bahamas 17, Barbados 1, Bermuda 2, France 1, Georgia 13, Isle of Man 3, Liberia 10, Malta 1, Marshall Islands 8, Norway 4, Panama 9, Saint Kitts and Nevis 1, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 4, Switzerland 2, unknown 1) (2006)
Military - note defense is the responsibility of France; the Palace Guard performs ceremonial duties (2003) defense is the responsibility of France; the Palace Guard performs ceremonial duties (2003)
National holiday National Day (Saint Rainier's Day), 19 November (1857) National Day (Prince of Monaco Holiday), 19 November
Nationality noun: Monegasque(s) or Monacan(s)


adjective: Monegasque or Monacan
noun: Monegasque(s) or Monacan(s)


adjective: Monegasque or Monacan
Natural hazards NA NA
Natural resources none none
Net migration rate 7.65 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2007 est.) 7.68 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)
Political parties and leaders Union for Monaco or UPM (including National Union for the Future of Monaco or UNAM); Rally and Issues for Monaco or REM; Monaco Together National and Democratic Union or UND [Guy MAGNAN]; Union for Monaco or UPM (including National Union for the Future of Monaco or UNAM)
Political pressure groups and leaders NA NA
Population 32,671 (July 2007 est.) 32,543 (July 2006 est.)
Population below poverty line NA% NA%
Population growth rate 0.386% (2007 est.) 0.4% (2006 est.)
Radio broadcast stations AM 1, FM NA, shortwave 8 (1998) AM 1, FM NA, shortwave 8 (1998)
Religions Roman Catholic 90%, other 10% Roman Catholic 90%
Sex ratio at birth: 1.06 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 0.974 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.688 male(s)/female


total population: 0.912 male(s)/female (2007 est.)
at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 0.97 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.69 male(s)/female


total population: 0.91 male(s)/female (2006 est.)
Suffrage 18 years of age; universal 18 years of age; universal
Telephone system general assessment: modern automatic telephone system


domestic: NA


international: country code - 377; no satellite earth stations; connected by cable into the French communications system
general assessment: modern automatic telephone system


domestic: NA


international: country code - 377; no satellite earth stations; connected by cable into the French communications system
Telephones - main lines in use 34,000 (2005) 33,700 (2002)
Telephones - mobile cellular 17,200 (2005) 19,300 (2002)
Television broadcast stations 5 (1998) 5 (1998)
Terrain hilly, rugged, rocky hilly, rugged, rocky
Total fertility rate 1.75 children born/woman (2007 est.) 1.76 children born/woman (2006 est.)
Unemployment rate 0% (2005) 22% (1999)
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