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 Monaco (2003)Monaco (2004)
 MonacoMonaco
Administrative divisions none; there are no first-order administrative divisions as defined by the US Government, but there are four quarters (quartiers, singular - quartier); Fontvieille, La Condamine, Monaco-Ville, Monte-Carlo none; there are no first-order administrative divisions as defined by the US Government, but there are four quarters (quartiers, singular - quartier); Fontvieille, La Condamine, Monaco-Ville, Monte-Carlo
Age structure 0-14 years: 15.5% (male 2,551; female 2,445)


15-64 years: 62.1% (male 9,814; female 10,130)


65 years and over: 22.4% (male 2,937; female 4,253) (2003 est.)
0-14 years: 15.5% (male 2,554; female 2,453)


15-64 years: 62.1% (male 9,860; female 10,165)


65 years and over: 22.4% (male 2,959; female 4,279) (2004 est.)
Agriculture - products none none
Airports none; linked to airport in Nice, France, by helicopter service (2002) none; linked to the airport at Nice, France by helicopter service (2003) (2003 est.)
Area total: 1.95 sq km


land: 1.95 sq km


water: 0 sq km
total: 1.95 sq km


land: 1.95 sq km


water: 0 sq km
Area - comparative about three times the size of The Mall in Washington, DC about three times the size of The Mall in Washington, DC
Background Economic development was spurred in the late 19th century with a railroad linkup to France and the opening of a casino. Since then, the principality's mild climate, splendid scenery, and gambling facilities have made Monaco world famous as a tourist and recreation center. Economic development was spurred in the late 19th century with a railroad linkup to France and the opening of a casino. Since then, the principality's mild climate, splendid scenery, and gambling facilities have made Monaco world famous as a tourist and recreation center.
Birth rate 9.46 births/1,000 population (2003 est.) 9.36 births/1,000 population (2004 est.)
Budget revenues: $518 million


expenditures: $531 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (1995)
revenues: $518 million


expenditures: $531 million, including capital expenditures of NA (1995)
Capital Monaco Monaco
Climate Mediterranean with mild, wet winters and hot, dry summers Mediterranean with mild, wet winters and hot, dry summers
Coastline 4.1 km 4.1 km
Constitution 17 December 1962 17 December 1962
Country name conventional long form: Principality of Monaco


conventional short form: Monaco


local long form: Principaute de Monaco


local short form: Monaco
conventional long form: Principality of Monaco


conventional short form: Monaco


local long form: Principaute de Monaco


local short form: Monaco
Currency euro (EUR) euro (EUR)
Death rate 12.82 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.) 12.74 deaths/1,000 population (2004 est.)
Debt - external $NA NA (2000 est.)
Diplomatic representation from the US the US does not have an embassy in Monaco; the US Consul General in Marseille (France) is accredited to Monaco the US does not have an embassy in Monaco; the US Consul General in Marseille (France) is accredited to Monaco
Diplomatic representation in the US Monaco does not have an embassy in the US


consulate(s) general: New York
Monaco does not have an embassy in the US


consulate(s) general: New York
Disputes - international none none
Economic aid - recipient $NA NA
Economy - overview Monaco, situated on the French Mediterranean coast, is a popular resort, attracting tourists to its casino and pleasant climate. In 2001, a major new construction project will extend the pier used by cruise ships in the main harbor. The principality has successfully sought to diversify into services and small, high-value-added, nonpolluting industries. The state has no income tax and low business taxes and thrives as a tax haven both for individuals who have established residence and for foreign companies that have set up businesses and offices. The state retains monopolies in a number of sectors, including tobacco, the telephone network, and the postal service. Living standards are high, roughly comparable to those in prosperous French metropolitan areas. Monaco does not publish national income figures; the estimates below are extremely rough. Monaco, bordering France on the Mediterranean coast, is a popular resort, attracting tourists to its casino and pleasant climate. In 2001, a major construction project extended the pier used by cruise ships in the main harbor. The principality has successfully sought to diversify into services and small, high-value-added, nonpolluting industries. The state has no income tax and low business taxes and thrives as a tax haven both for individuals who have established residence and for foreign companies that have set up businesses and offices. The state retains monopolies in a number of sectors, including tobacco, the telephone network, and the postal service. Living standards are high, roughly comparable to those in prosperous French metropolitan areas. Monaco does not publish national income figures; the estimates below are extremely rough.
Electricity - consumption NA kWh NA kWh
Electricity - imports NA kWh


note: electricity supplied by France
NA kWh


note: electricity supplied by France
Elevation extremes lowest point: Mediterranean Sea 0 m


highest point: Mont Agel 140 m
lowest point: Mediterranean Sea 0 m


highest point: Mont Agel 140 m
Environment - current issues NA NA
Environment - international agreements party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling


signed, but not ratified: Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol
party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling


signed, but not ratified: Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol
Ethnic groups French 47%, Monegasque 16%, Italian 16%, other 21% French 47%, Monegasque 16%, Italian 16%, other 21%
Exchange rates euros per US dollar - 1.06 1.0626 (2002), 1.1175 (2001), 1.0854 (2000), 0.9386 (1999); French francs per US dollar - 5.8995 (1998) euros per US dollar - 0.8860 (2003), 1.0626 (2002), 1.1175 (2001), 1.0854 (2000), 0.9386 (1999)
Executive branch chief of state: Prince RAINIER III (since 9 May 1949); Heir Apparent Prince ALBERT Alexandre Louis Pierre, son of the monarch (born 14 March 1958)


head of government: Minister of State Patrick LECLERCQ (since 5 January 2000)


cabinet: Council of Government is under the authority of the monarch


elections: none; the monarchy is hereditary; minister of state appointed by the monarch from a list of three French national candidates presented by the French Government
chief of state: Prince RAINIER III (since 9 May 1949); Heir Apparent Prince ALBERT Alexandre Louis Pierre, son of the monarch (born 14 March 1958)


head of government: Minister of State Patrick LECLERCQ (since 5 January 2000)


cabinet: Council of Government is under the authority of the monarch


elections: none; the monarchy is hereditary; minister of state appointed by the monarch from a list of three French national candidates presented by the French Government
Exports $NA; full customs integration with France, which collects and rebates Monegasque trade duties; also participates in EU market system through customs union with France $NA; full customs integration with France, which collects and rebates Monegasque trade duties; also participates in EU market system through customs union with France
Fiscal year calendar year calendar year
Flag description two equal horizontal bands of red (top) and white; similar to the flag of Indonesia which is longer and the flag of Poland which is white (top) and red two equal horizontal bands of red (top) and white; similar to the flag of Indonesia which is longer and the flag of Poland which is white (top) and red
GDP purchasing power parity - $870 million (1999 est.) purchasing power parity - $870 million (1999 est.)
GDP - composition by sector agriculture: NA%


industry: NA%


services: NA%
agriculture: NA


industry: NA


services: NA (2001 est.)
GDP - per capita purchasing power parity - $27,000 (1999 est.) purchasing power parity - $27,000 (1999 est.)
GDP - real growth rate NA% NA (2000 est.)
Geographic coordinates 43 44 N, 7 24 E 43 44 N, 7 24 E
Geography - note second-smallest independent state in the world (after Holy See); almost entirely urban second-smallest independent state in the world (after Holy See); almost entirely urban
Heliports 1 (shuttle service between the international airport at Nice, France, and Monaco's heliport at Fontvieille) (2002) 1 (shuttle service between the international airport at Nice, France, and Monaco's heliport at Fontvieille) (2003 est.)
Highways total: 50 km


paved: 50 km


unpaved: 0 km (1999 est.)
total: 50 km


paved: 50 km


unpaved: 0 km (1999 est.)
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%: NA%


highest 10%: NA%
lowest 10%: NA


highest 10%: NA
Imports $NA; full customs integration with France, which collects and rebates Monegasque trade duties; also participates in EU market system through customs union with France $NA; full customs integration with France, which collects and rebates Monegasque trade duties; also participates in EU market system through customs union with France
Independence 1419 (beginning of the rule by the House of Grimaldi) 1419 (beginning of the rule by the House of Grimaldi)
Industrial production growth rate NA% NA
Industries tourism, construction, small-scale industrial and consumer products tourism, construction, small-scale industrial and consumer products
Infant mortality rate total: 5.63 deaths/1,000 live births


male: 6.52 deaths/1,000 live births


female: 4.69 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
total: 5.53 deaths/1,000 live births


male: 6.4 deaths/1,000 live births


female: 4.61 deaths/1,000 live births (2004 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) NA% NA (2000)
International organization participation ACCT, ECE, FAO, IAEA, ICAO, ICC, ICCt (signatory), ICRM, IFRCS, IHO, IMO, Interpol, IOC, ITU, OPCW, OSCE, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNITAR, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO ACCT, CE, FAO, IAEA, ICAO, ICC, ICCt (signatory), ICRM, IFRCS, IHO, IMO, Interpol, IOC, ITU, OPCW, OSCE, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNITAR, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) 2 (2000) -
Irrigated land NA sq km NA sq km
Judicial branch Supreme Court or Tribunal Supreme (judges appointed by the monarch on the basis of nominations by the National Council) Supreme Court or Tribunal Supreme (judges appointed by the monarch on the basis of nominations by the National Council)
Labor force 30,540 (January 1994) 30,540 (January 1994)
Land boundaries total: 4.4 km


border countries: France 4.4 km
total: 4.4 km


border countries: France 4.4 km
Land use arable land: 0%


permanent crops: 0%


other: 100% (urban area) (1998 est.)
arable land: 0%


permanent crops: 0%


other: 100% (urban area) (2001)
Languages French (official), English, Italian, Monegasque French (official), English, Italian, Monegasque
Legal system based on French law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction based on French law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Legislative branch unicameral National Council or Conseil National (24 seats; 16 members elected by list majority system, 8 by proportional representation; to serve five-year terms)


elections: last held 9 February 2003 (next to be held NA February 2008)


election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - UNAM 21, UND 3
unicameral National Council or Conseil National (24 seats; 16 members elected by list majority system, 8 by proportional representation; to serve five-year terms)


elections: last held 9 February 2003 (next to be held NA February 2008)


election results: percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - UNAM 21, UND 3
Life expectancy at birth total population: 79.27 years


male: 75.37 years


female: 83.37 years (2003 est.)
total population: 79.42 years


male: 75.53 years


female: 83.5 years (2004 est.)
Literacy definition: NA


total population: 99%


male: NA%


female: NA%
definition: NA


total population: 99%


male: NA


female: NA
Location Western Europe, bordering the Mediterranean Sea on the southern coast of France, near the border with Italy Western Europe, bordering the Mediterranean Sea on the southern coast of France, near the border with Italy
Map references Europe Europe
Maritime claims territorial sea: 12 NM territorial sea: 12 nm
Merchant marine none (2002 est.) none
Military - note defense is the responsibility of France defense is the responsibility of France
National holiday National Day (Prince of Monaco Holiday), 19 November National Day (Prince of Monaco Holiday), 19 November
Nationality noun: Monegasque(s) or Monacan(s)


adjective: Monegasque or Monacan
noun: Monegasque(s) or Monacan(s)


adjective: Monegasque or Monacan
Natural hazards NA NA
Natural resources none none
Net migration rate 7.78 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2003 est.) 7.75 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2004 est.)
Political parties and leaders National and Democratic Union or UND [Jean-Louis CAMPORA]; Union for Monaco or UPM (including National Union for the Future of Monaco or UNAM [leader NA] National and Democratic Union or UND [Jean-Louis CAMPORA]; Union for Monaco or UPM (including National Union for the Future of Monaco or UNAM [leader NA]
Political pressure groups and leaders NA NA
Population 32,130 (July 2003 est.) 32,270 (July 2004 est.)
Population below poverty line NA% NA
Population growth rate 0.44% (2003 est.) 0.44% (2004 est.)
Ports and harbors Monaco Monaco
Radio broadcast stations AM 1, FM NA, shortwave 8 (1998) AM 1, FM NA, shortwave 8 (1998)
Railways total: 1.7 km


standard gauge: 1.7 km 1.435-m gauge (2002)
-
Religions Roman Catholic 90% Roman Catholic 90%
Sex ratio at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 0.97 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.69 male(s)/female


total population: 0.91 male(s)/female (2003 est.)
at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 0.97 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.69 male(s)/female


total population: 0.91 male(s)/female (2004 est.)
Suffrage 21 years of age; universal 21 years of age; universal
Telephone system general assessment: modern automatic telephone system


domestic: NA


international: no satellite earth stations; connected by cable into the French communications system
general assessment: modern automatic telephone system


domestic: NA


international: country code - 377; no satellite earth stations; connected by cable into the French communications system
Telephones - main lines in use 31,027 (1995) 33,700 (2002)
Telephones - mobile cellular NA 19,300 (2002)
Television broadcast stations 5 (1998) 5 (1998)
Terrain hilly, rugged, rocky hilly, rugged, rocky
Total fertility rate 1.76 children born/woman (2003 est.) 1.76 children born/woman (2004 est.)
Unemployment rate 3.1% (1998) 3.1% (1998)
Waterways none -
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