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Compare Macau (2008) - Macau (2001)

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 Macau (2008)Macau (2001)
 MacauMacau
Administrative divisions none (special administrative region of China) none (special administrative region of China)
Age structure 0-14 years: 15.4% (male 36,413/female 33,981)


15-64 years: 76.6% (male 166,797/female 183,088)


65 years and over: 8% (male 15,541/female 21,169) (2007 est.)
0-14 years:
22.68% (male 53,291; female 49,615)

15-64 years:
70.08% (male 150,538; female 167,431)

65 years and over:
7.24% (male 13,287; female 19,571) (2001 est.)
Agriculture - products only 2% of land area is cultivated, mainly by vegetable growers; fishing, mostly for crustaceans, is important; some of the catch is exported to Hong Kong rice, vegetables
Airports 1 (2007) 1 (2000 est.)
Airports - with paved runways total: 1


over 3,047 m: 1 (2007)
total:
1

over 3,047 m:
1 (2000 est.)
Area total: 28.2 sq km


land: 28.2 sq km


water: 0 sq km
total:
21 sq km

land:
21 sq km

water:
0 sq km
Area - comparative less than one-sixth the size of Washington, DC about 0.1 times the size of Washington, DC
Background Colonized by the Portuguese in the 16th century, Macau was the first European settlement in the Far East. Pursuant to an agreement signed by China and Portugal on 13 April 1987, Macau became the Macau Special Administrative Region (SAR) of China on 20 December 1999. In this agreement, China has promised that, under its "one country, two systems" formula, China's socialist economic system will not be practiced in Macau, and that Macau will enjoy a high degree of autonomy in all matters except foreign and defense affairs for the next 50 years. Colonized by the Portuguese in the 16th century, Macau was the first European settlement in the Far East. Pursuant to an agreement signed by China and Portugal on 13 April 1987, Macau became the Macau Special Administrative Region (SAR) of China on 20 December 1999. China has promised that, under its "one country, two systems" formula, China's socialist economic system will not be practiced in Macau and that Macau will enjoy a high degree of autonomy in all matters except foreign and defense affairs.
Birth rate 8.57 births/1,000 population (2007 est.) 12.36 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Budget revenues: $4.6 billion


expenditures: $3.4 billion (2006)
revenues:
$1.26 billion

expenditures:
$1.22 billion, including capital expenditures of $175 million (1999 est.)
Climate subtropical; marine with cool winters, warm summers subtropical; marine with cool winters, warm summers
Coastline 41 km 40 km
Constitution Basic Law, approved on 31 March 1993 by China's National People's Congress, is Macau's "mini-constitution" Basic Law, approved in March 1993 by China's National People's Congress, is Macau's "mini-constitution"
Country name conventional long form: Macau Special Administrative Region


conventional short form: Macau


local long form: Aomen Tebie Xingzhengqu (Chinese); Regiao Administrativa Especial de Macau (Portuguese)


local short form: Aomen (Chinese); Macau (Portuguese)
conventional long form:
Macau Special Administrative Region

conventional short form:
Macau

local long form:
Aomen Tebie Xingzhengqu (Chinese); Regiao Administrativa Especial de Macau (Portuguese)

local short form:
Aomen (Chinese); Macau (Portuguese)
Currency - pataca (MOP)
Death rate 4.59 deaths/1,000 population (2007 est.) 3.71 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Debt - external $0 (2006) $1.7 billion (1997)
Dependency status special administrative region of China special administrative region of China
Diplomatic representation from the US the US has no offices in Macau; US Consulate General in Hong Kong is accredited to Macau the US has no offices in Macau, and US interests are monitored by the US Consulate General in Hong Kong
Diplomatic representation in the US none (special administrative region of China) none (special administrative region of China)
Disputes - international none none
Economic aid - recipient $13.7 million (2004) $NA
Economy - overview Macau's economy has enjoyed strong growth in recent years on the back of its expanding tourism and gaming sectors. Since opening up its locally-controlled casino industry to foreign competition in 2001, the territory has attracted 10s of billions of dollars in foreign investment that have helped transform it into the world's largest gaming center. In 2006, Macau's gaming revenue surpassed that of the Las Vegas strip, and gaming-related taxes accounted for 75% of total government revenue. The expanding casino sector, and China's decision beginning in 2002 to relax travel restrictions, have reenergized Macau's tourism industry, which saw total visitors grow to 27 million in 2007, up 62% in three years. Macau's strong economic growth has put pressure its labor market prompting businesses to look abroad to meet their staffing needs. The resulting influx of non-resident workers, who totaled one-fifth of the workforce in 2006, has fueled tensions among some segments of the population. Macau's traditional manufacturing industry has been in a slow decline. In 2006, exports of textiles and garments generated only $1.8 billion compared to $6.9 billion in gross gaming receipts. Macau's textile industry will continue to move to the mainland because of the termination in 2005 of the Multi-Fiber Agreement, which provided a near guarantee of export markets, leaving the territory more dependent on gambling and trade-related services to generate growth. However, the Closer Economic Partnership Agreement (CEPA) between Macau and mainland China that came into effect on 1 January 2004 offers many Macau-made products tariff-free access to the mainland. Macau's currency, the Pataca, is closely tied to the Hong Kong dollar, which is also freely accepted in the territory. The economy is based largely on tourism (including gambling) and textile and fireworks manufacturing. Efforts to diversify have spawned other small industries - toys, artificial flowers, and electronics. The tourist sector has accounted for roughly 25% of GDP, and the clothing industry has provided about three-fourths of export earnings; the gambling industry probably represents over 40% of GDP. More than 8 million tourists visited Macau in 2000. Macau depends on China for most of its food, fresh water, and energy imports. Japan and Hong Kong are the main suppliers of raw materials and capital goods. Output dropped 5% in 1998 and 3% in 1999, with a small 2% gain in 2000. Macau reverted to Chinese administration on 20 December 1999. Gang violence, a dark spot in the economy, probably will be reduced in 2000-01 to the advantage of the tourism sector.
Electricity - consumption 2.37 billion kWh (2006) 1.422 billion kWh (1999)
Electricity - exports 0 kWh (2006) 3 million kWh (1999)
Electricity - imports 964.4 million kWh (2006) 165 million kWh (1999)
Electricity - production 1.67 billion kWh (2006) 1.355 billion kWh (1999)
Electricity - production by source - fossil fuel:
100%

hydro:
0%

nuclear:
0%

other:
0% (1999)
Elevation extremes lowest point: South China Sea 0 m


highest point: Coloane Alto 172.4 m
lowest point:
South China Sea 0 m

highest point:
Coloane Alto 174 m
Environment - current issues NA NA
Environment - international agreements party to: Marine Dumping (associate member), Ship Pollution (associate member) -
Ethnic groups Chinese 95.7%, Macanese (mixed Portuguese and Asian ancestry) 1%, other 3.3% (2001 census) Chinese 95%, Macanese (mixed Portuguese and Asian ancestry), Portuguese, other
Exchange rates patacas per US dollar - 8.011 (2007), 8.0015 (2006), 8.011 (2005), 8.022 (2004), 8.021 (2003) patacas per US dollar - 8.033 (January 2001), 8.025 (2000), 7.990 (1999), 7.978 (1998), 7.974 (1997), 7.966 (1996); note - linked to the Hong Kong dollar at the rate of 1.03 patacas per Hong Kong dollar
Executive branch chief of state: President of China HU Jintao (since 15 March 2003)


head of government: Chief Executive Edmund HO Hau-wah (since 20 December 1999)


cabinet: Executive Council consists of one government secretary, three legislators, four businessmen, one pro-Beijing unionist, and one pro-Beijing educator


elections: chief executive chosen by a 300-member Election Committee for a five-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held 29 August 2004 (next to be held in 2009)


election results: Edmund HO Hau-wah reelected received 296 votes; three members submitted blank ballots; one member was absent
chief of state:
President of China JIANG Zemin (since 27 March 1993)

head of government:
Chief Executive Edmund HO Hau-wah (since 20 December 1999)

cabinet:
Executive Council consists of all five government secretaries, three legislators, and two businessmen

elections:
NA
Exports 21 bbl/day (2005) $2.6 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)
Exports - commodities clothing, textiles, footwear, toys, electronics, machinery and parts textiles, clothing, toys, electronics, cement, footwear, machinery
Exports - partners US 44.1%, China 14.8%, Hong Kong 11.3%, Germany 7.3%, UK 4.1% (2006) US 47%, EU 30%, China 9.2%, Hong Kong 6.7% (1999)
Fiscal year calendar year calendar year
Flag description light green with a lotus flower above a stylized bridge and water in white, beneath an arc of five gold, five-pointed stars: one large in center of arc and four smaller light green with a lotus flower above a stylized bridge and water in white, beneath an arc of five gold, five-pointed stars: one large in center of arc and four smaller
GDP - purchasing power parity - $7.82 billion (2000 est.)
GDP - composition by sector agriculture: 0.1%


industry: 3.9%


services: 96% (2006 est.)
agriculture:
1%

industry:
25%

services:
74% (2000 est.)
GDP - per capita - purchasing power parity - $17,500 (2000 est.)
GDP - real growth rate 16.6% (2006) 2% (2000 est.)
Geographic coordinates 22 10 N, 113 33 E 22 10 N, 113 33 E
Geography - note essentially urban; an area of land reclaimed from the sea measuring 5.2 sq km and known as Cotai now connects the islands of Coloane and Taipa; the island area is connected to the mainland peninsula by three bridges essentially urban; one causeway and two bridges connect the two islands of Coloane and Taipa to the peninsula on mainland
Heliports 1 (2007) -
Highways - total:
50 km

paved:
50 km

unpaved:
0 km (2001)
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%: NA%


highest 10%: NA%
lowest 10%:
NA%

highest 10%:
NA%
Illicit drugs transshipment point for drugs going into mainland China; consumer of opiates and amphetamines -
Imports 13,870 bbl/day (2006) $2.4 billion (c.i.f., 2000 est.)
Imports - commodities raw materials and semi-manufactured goods, consumer goods (foodstuffs, beverages, tobacco), capital goods, mineral fuels and oils raw materials, foodstuffs, capital goods, fuels, consumer goods
Imports - partners China 45.2%, Hong Kong 10.2%, Japan 8.4%, US 5.5%, Singapore 4.1%, France 4% (2006) China 36%, Hong Kong 18%, EU 13%, Taiwan 10%, Japan 7% (1999)
Independence none (special administrative region of China) none (special administrative region of China)
Industrial production growth rate 3.8% NA%
Industries tourism, gambling, clothing, textiles, electronics, footwear, toys clothing, textiles, toys, electronics, footwear, tourism, gambling
Infant mortality rate total: 4.33 deaths/1,000 live births


male: 4.51 deaths/1,000 live births


female: 4.13 deaths/1,000 live births (2007 est.)
4.47 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 7.2% (2006) -1.8% (2000 est.)
International organization participation IHO, IMF, IMO (associate), ISO (correspondent), UNESCO (associate), UNWTO (associate), UPU, WCO, WMO, WTO CCC, ESCAP (associate), IMO (associate), Interpol (subbureau), UNESCO (associate), WMO, WToO (associate), WTrO
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) - 1 (2000)
Irrigated land NA NA sq km
Judicial branch Court of Final Appeal in Macau Special Administrative Region The Court of Final Appeal in the Macau Special Administrative Region
Labor force 275,000 (2006) 283,450 (1999)
Labor force - by occupation manufacturing 11.1%, construction 11.7%, transport and communications 6.3%, wholesale and retail trade 13.7%, restaurants and hotels 11.3%, gambling 19.8%, public sector 7.7%, financial services 2.6%, other services and agriculture 15.7% (2006) restaurants and hotels 26%, manufacturing 22%, other services 52% (2000 est.)
Land boundaries total: 0.34 km


regional border: China 0.34 km
total:
0.34 km

border countries:
China 0.34 km
Land use arable land: 0%


permanent crops: 0%


other: 100% (2005)
arable land:
0%

permanent crops:
2%

permanent pastures:
0%

forests and woodland:
0%

other:
98% (1998 est.)
Languages Cantonese 87.9%, Hokkien 4.4%, Mandarin 1.6%, other Chinese dialects 3.1%, other 3% (2001 census) Portuguese, Chinese (Cantonese)
Legal system based on Portuguese civil law system based on Portuguese civil law system
Legislative branch unicameral Legislative Assembly (29 seats; 12 members elected by popular vote, 10 by indirect vote, and 7 appointed by the chief executive; to serve four-year terms)


elections: last held 25 September 2005 (next in September 2009)


election results: percent of vote - New Democratic Macau Association 18.8%, Macau United Citizens' Association 16.6%, Union for Development 13.3%, Union for Promoting Progress 9.6%, Macau Development Alliance 9.3%, others 32.4%; seats by political group - New Democratic Macau Association 2, Macau United Citizens' Association 2, Union for Development 2, Union for Promoting Progress 2, Macau Development Alliance 1, others 3; 10 seats filled by professional and business groups; seven members appointed by chief executive
unicameral Legislative Council or LEGCO (23 seats; 8 elected by popular vote, 8 by indirect vote, and 7 appointed by the chief executive; members serve four-year terms)

elections:
last held 22 September 1996 (next to be held by 15 October 2001)

election results:
percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - APPEM 2, UNIPRO 2, CODEM 1, UDM 1, UPD 1, ANMD 1
Life expectancy at birth total population: 82.27 years


male: 79.44 years


female: 85.25 years (2007 est.)
total population:
81.69 years

male:
78.88 years

female:
84.64 years (2001 est.)
Literacy definition: age 15 and over can read and write


total population: 91.3%


male: 95.3%


female: 87.8% (2001 census)
definition:
age 15 and over can read and write

total population:
90%

male:
93%

female:
86% (1981 est.)
Location Eastern Asia, bordering the South China Sea and China Eastern Asia, bordering the South China Sea and China
Map references Southeast Asia Southeast Asia
Maritime claims not specified not specified
Merchant marine - none (2000 est.)
Military - note defense is the responsibility of China responsibility for defense reverted to China on 20 December 1999
Military branches no regular military forces Macau garrison of China's People's Liberation Army (PLA) includes about 500 troops
Military manpower - availability - males age 15-49:
125,737 (2001 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service - males age 15-49:
69,191 (2001 est.)
National holiday National Day (Anniversary of the Founding of the People's Republic of China), 1 October (1949); note - 20 December 1999 is celebrated as Macau Special Administrative Region Establishment Day National Day (Anniversary of the Founding of the People's Republic of China), 1 October (1949); note - 20 December 1999 is celebrated as Macau Special Administrative Region Establishment Day
Nationality noun: Chinese


adjective: Chinese
noun:
Chinese

adjective:
Chinese
Natural hazards typhoons typhoons
Natural resources NEGL NEGL
Net migration rate 4.42 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2007 est.) 9.25 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Political parties and leaders Civil Service Union [Jose Maria Pereira COUTINHO]; Development Union [KWAN Tsui-hang]; Macau Development Alliance [Angela LEONG On-kei]; Macau United Citizens' Association [CHAN Meng-kam]; New Democratic Macau Association [Antonio NG Kuok-cheong]; United Forces


note: there is no political party ordinance, so there are no registered political parties; politically active groups register as societies or companies
the following is a listing of those associations that participated in the last legislative elections: Associacao de Novo Macau Democratico or ANMD [leader NA]; Associacao Promotora para a Economia de Macau or APPEM [leader NA]; Convergencia para o Desenvolvimento or CODEM [leader NA]; Uniao Geral para o Desenvolvimento de Macau or UDM [leader NA]; Uniao para o Desenvolvimento or UPD [leader NA]; Uniao Promotora para o Progresso or UNIPRO [leader NA]

note:
there are no formal political parties, but civic associations are used instead
Political pressure groups and leaders NA Catholic Church [Domingos LAM, bishop]; Macau Society of Tourism and Entertainment or STDM [Stanley HO, managing director]; Union for Democracy Development [Antonio NG Kuok-cheong, leader]
Population 456,989 (July 2007 est.) 453,733 (July 2001 est.)
Population below poverty line NA% NA%
Population growth rate 0.841% (2007 est.) 1.79% (2001 est.)
Ports and harbors - Macau
Radio broadcast stations AM 0, FM 2, shortwave 0 (1998) AM 0, FM 2, shortwave 0 (1998)
Radios - 160,000 (1997)
Railways - 0 km
Religions Buddhist 50%, Roman Catholic 15%, none and other 35% (1997 est.) Buddhist 50%, Roman Catholic 15%, none and other 35% (1997 est.)
Sex ratio at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.072 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 0.911 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.734 male(s)/female


total population: 0.918 male(s)/female (2007 est.)
at birth:
1.05 male(s)/female

under 15 years:
1.07 male(s)/female

15-64 years:
0.9 male(s)/female

65 years and over:
0.68 male(s)/female

total population:
0.92 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
Suffrage direct election 18 years of age for some non-executive positions, universal for permanent residents living in Macau for the past seven years; indirect election limited to organizations registered as "corporate voters" (257 are currently registered) and a 300-member Election Committee drawn from broad regional groupings, municipal organizations, and central government bodies direct election 18 years of age, universal for permanent residents living in Macau for the past seven years; indirect election limited to organizations registered as "corporate voters" (257 are currently registered) and a 300-member Election Committee drawn from broad regional groupings, municipal organizations, and central government bodies
Telephone system general assessment: fairly modern communication facilities maintained for domestic and international services


domestic: termination of monopoly over mobile-cellular telephone services in 2001 spurred sharp increase in subscriptions with mobile-cellular teledensity approaching 140 per 100 persons in 2006; fixed-line teledensity about 40 per 100 persons


international: country code - 853; landing point for the SEA-ME-WE-3 submarine cable network that provides links to Asia, the Middle East, and Europe; HF radiotelephone communication facility; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Indian Ocean)
general assessment:
fairly modern communication facilities maintained for domestic and international services

domestic:
NA

international:
HF radiotelephone communication facility; access to international communications carriers provided via Hong Kong and China; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Indian Ocean)
Telephones - main lines in use 178,013 (2007) 176,837 (2000)
Telephones - mobile cellular 794,323 (2007) 120,957 (2000)
Television broadcast stations 1 (2006) 0 (receives Hong Kong broadcasts) (1997)
Terrain generally flat generally flat
Total fertility rate 1.03 children born/woman (2007 est.) 1.31 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Unemployment rate 3.1% (2006) 6.6% (2000)
Waterways - none
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