##ciekawa_strona##
Compare Macau (2002) - Bermuda (2001)
Compare Macau (2002) z Bermuda (2001)
| Macau (2002) | Bermuda (2001) | |
 |  | |
| Administrative divisions | none (special administrative region of China) | 9 parishes and 2 municipalities*; Devonshire, Hamilton, Hamilton*, Paget, Pembroke, Saint George*, Saint Georges, Sandys, Smiths, Southampton, Warwick |
| Age structure | 0-14 years: 21.8% (male 52,262; female 48,439)
15-64 years: 70.9% (male 154,942; female 172,647) 65 years and over: 7.3% (male 13,616; female 19,927) (2002 est.) |
0-14 years:
19.4% (male 6,091; female 6,230) 15-64 years: 69.43% (male 21,783; female 22,309) 65 years and over: 11.17% (male 3,073; female 4,017) (2001 est.) |
| Agriculture - products | rice, vegetables | bananas, vegetables, citrus, flowers; dairy products |
| Airports | 1 (2001) | 1 (2000 est.) |
| Airports - with paved runways | total: 1
over 3,047 m: 1 (2002) |
total:
1 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 (2000 est.) |
| Area | total: 25.4 sq km
land: 25.4 sq km water: 0 sq km |
total:
58.8 sq km land: 58.8 sq km water: 0 sq km |
| Area - comparative | about 0.1 times the size of Washington, DC | about 0.3 times the size of Washington, DC |
| Background | Colonized by the Portuguese in the 16th century, Macau was the first European settlement in the Far East. Pursuant to an agreement signed by China and Portugal on 13 April 1987, Macau became the Macau Special Administrative Region (SAR) of China on 20 December 1999. China has promised that, under its "one country, two systems" formula, China's socialist economic system will not be practiced in Macau and that Macau will enjoy a high degree of autonomy in all matters except foreign and defense affairs. | Bermuda was first settled in 1609 by shipwrecked English colonists headed for Virginia. Tourism to the island to escape North American winters first developed in Victorian times. Bermuda has developed into a highly successful offshore financial center. A referendum on independence was soundly defeated in 1995. |
| Birth rate | 12.19 births/1,000 population (2002 est.) | 12.16 births/1,000 population (2001 est.) |
| Budget | revenues: $1.15 billion
expenditures: $1.03 billion, including capital expenditures of $166 million (2000 est.) |
revenues:
$504.6 million expenditures: $537 million, including capital expenditures of $75 million (FY97/98) |
| Capital | - | Hamilton |
| Climate | subtropical; marine with cool winters, warm summers | subtropical; mild, humid; gales, strong winds common in winter |
| Coastline | 41 km | 103 km |
| Constitution | Basic Law, approved in March 1993 by China's National People's Congress, is Macau's "mini-constitution" | 8 June 1968, amended 1989 |
| Country name | conventional long form: Macau Special Administrative Region
conventional short form: Macau local long form: Aomen Tebie Xingzhengqu (Chinese); Regiao Administrativa Especial de Macau (Portuguese) local short form: Aomen (Chinese); Macau (Portuguese) |
conventional long form:
none conventional short form: Bermuda former: Somers Islands |
| Currency | pataca (MOP) | Bermudian dollar (BMD) |
| Death rate | 3.78 deaths/1,000 population (2002 est.) | 7.42 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.) |
| Debt - external | $1.5 billion (1998) | $NA |
| Dependency status | special administrative region of China | overseas territory of the UK |
| Diplomatic representation from the US | the US has no offices in Macau, and US interests are monitored by the US Consulate General in Hong Kong | chief of mission:
Consul General Lawrence D. OWEN consulate(s) general: Crown Hill, 16 Middle Road, Devonshire, Hamilton mailing address: P. O. Box HM325, Hamilton HMBX; American Consulate General Hamilton, Department of State, Washington, DC 20520-5300 telephone: [1] (441) 295-1342 FAX: [1] (441) 295-1592 |
| Diplomatic representation in the US | none (special administrative region of China) | none (overseas territory of the UK) |
| Disputes - international | none | none |
| Economic aid - recipient | $NA | $27.9 million (1995) |
| Economy - overview | Macau's economy two years after reversion to China remains one of the most open in the world, according to the World Trade Organization. The government collects no duty on imports and sets no restrictions on exports beyond those required by international agreements. The territory's net exports of goods and services account for 35% of GDP, with tourism and apparel exports as the mainstays. The territory therefore has been hit hard by the 2001 downturn in its key US and EU export markets. Tourism remained strong, however, driven by a surge in visitors from mainland China. In response to the expected contraction of the economy in 2002, the government has announced a stimulative income tax cut and public works program that will push the budget into deficit. China already has extended support by easing restrictions on travel to Macau and is proposing a China-Hong Kong-Macau free trade area. China's economic weight is increasingly felt, with the mainland now holding more than 50% of assets in the financial, real estate, and construction sectors. Mainlanders, however, have been excluded from bidding on the gambling industry licenses that Macau is offering to break up the territory's four-decade-old gambling monopoly. Gambling taxes account for up to 60% of revenue, and the government with Beijing's backing intends to revitalize the industry. | Bermuda enjoys one of the highest per capita incomes in the world, having successfully exploited its location by providing financial services for international firms and luxury tourist facilities for 360,000 visitors annually. The tourist industry, which accounts for an estimated 28% of GDP, attracts 84% of its business from North America. The industrial sector is small, and agriculture is severely limited by a lack of suitable land. About 80% of food needs are imported. International business contributes over 60% of Bermuda's economic output; a failed independence vote in late 1995 can be partially attributed to Bermudian fears of scaring away foreign firms. Government economic priorities are the further strengthening of the tourist and international financial sectors. |
| Electricity - consumption | 1.476 billion kWh (2000) | 511.5 million kWh (1999) |
| Electricity - exports | 1 million kWh (2000) | 0 kWh (1999) |
| Electricity - imports | 175 million kWh (2000) | 0 kWh (1999) |
| Electricity - production | 1.4 billion kWh (2000) | 550 million kWh (1999) |
| Electricity - production by source | fossil fuel: 100%
hydro: 0% nuclear: 0% other: 0% (2000) |
fossil fuel:
100% hydro: 0% nuclear: 0% other: 0% (1999) |
| Elevation extremes | lowest point: South China Sea 0 m
highest point: Coloane Alto 172.4 m |
lowest point:
Atlantic Ocean 0 m highest point: Town Hill 76 m |
| Environment - current issues | NA | asbestos disposal; water pollution; preservation of open space |
| Ethnic groups | Chinese 95%, Macanese (mixed Portuguese and Asian ancestry), Portuguese, other | black 58%, white 36%, other 6% |
| Exchange rates | patacas per US dollar - 8.033 (January 2002), 8.034 (2001), 8.026 (2000), 7.992 (1999), 7.979 (1998), 7.975 (1997); note - linked to the Hong Kong dollar at the rate of 1.03 patacas per Hong Kong dollar | Bermudian dollar per US dollar - 1.0000 (fixed rate pegged to the US dollar) |
| Executive branch | chief of state: President of China JIANG Zemin (since 27 March 1993)
head of government: Chief Executive Edmund HO Hau-wah (since 20 December 1999) cabinet: Executive Council consists of all five government secretaries, three legislators, and two businessmen elections: chief executive chosen by a 200-member selection committee for up to two five-year terms |
chief of state:
Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by Governor Thorold MASEFIELD (since NA June 1997) head of government: Premier Jennifer SMITH (since 10 November 1998) cabinet: Cabinet nominated by the premier, appointed by the governor elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; governor appointed by the monarch; governor invites leader of largest party in Parliament to form a government as premier |
| Exports | $2.5 billion f.o.b. (2000) | $56 million (2000 est.) |
| Exports - commodities | clothing, textiles, cement, electronics, cameras | reexports of pharmaceuticals |
| Exports - partners | US 48%, EU 28%, China 10%, Hong Kong 7% (2000) | UK 29.5%, US 9.8% (1997) |
| Fiscal year | calendar year | 1 April - 31 March |
| Flag description | light green with a lotus flower above a stylized bridge and water in white, beneath an arc of five gold, five-pointed stars: one large in center of arc and four smaller | red, with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant and the Bermudian coat of arms (white and green shield with a red lion holding a scrolled shield showing the sinking of the ship Sea Venture off Bermuda in 1609) centered on the outer half of the flag |
| GDP | purchasing power parity - $8 billion (2001 est.) | purchasing power parity - $2.1 billion (2000 est.) |
| GDP - composition by sector | agriculture: 1%
industry: 25% services: 74% (2000 est.) |
agriculture:
1% industry: 10% services: 89% (1995 est.) |
| GDP - per capita | purchasing power parity - $17,600 (2001 est.) | purchasing power parity - $33,000 (2000 est.) |
| GDP - real growth rate | 0.5% (2001 est.) | 1.5% (2000 est.) |
| Geographic coordinates | 22 10 N, 113 33 E | 32 20 N, 64 45 W |
| Geography - note | essentially urban; one causeway and two bridges connect the two islands of Coloane and Taipa to the peninsula on mainland | consists of about 360 small coral islands with ample rainfall, but no rivers or freshwater lakes; some land, reclaimed and otherwise, was leased by US Government from 1941 to 1995 |
| Highways | total: 50 km
paved: 50 km unpaved: 0 km (2001) |
total:
225 km paved: 225 km unpaved: 0 km note: in addition, there are 232 km of paved and unpaved roads that are privately owned (1997) |
| Household income or consumption by percentage share | lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA% |
lowest 10%:
NA% highest 10%: NA% |
| Imports | $2.3 billion c.i.f. (2000) | $739 million (2000 est.) |
| Imports - commodities | clothing, textiles, yarn, minerals, electrical machinery, fuel, livestock | machinery and transport equipment, construction materials, chemicals, food and live animals |
| Imports - partners | China 41%, Hong Kong 15%, EU 10%, Taiwan 10%, Japan 6% (2000) | US 34%, UK 9%, Mexico 8% (1997) |
| Independence | none (special administrative region of China) | none (overseas territory of the UK) |
| Industrial production growth rate | NA% | NA% |
| Industries | tourism, gambling, clothing, textiles, electronics, footwear, toys | tourism, finance, insurance, structural concrete products, paints, perfumes, pharmaceuticals, ship repairing |
| Infant mortality rate | 4.44 deaths/1,000 live births (2002 est.) | 9.55 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.) |
| Inflation rate (consumer prices) | -2% (2001 est.) | 2.7% (2000 est.) |
| International organization participation | CCC, ESCAP (associate), IHO, IMO (associate), Interpol (subbureau), ISO (correspondent), UNESCO (associate), WMO, WToO (associate), WTrO | Caricom (observer), CCC, ICFTU, Interpol (subbureau), IOC |
| Internet Service Providers (ISPs) | 1 (2000) | 20 (2000) |
| Irrigated land | NA sq km | NA sq km |
| Judicial branch | The Court of Final Appeal in the Macau Special Administrative Region | Supreme Court; Court of Appeal; Magistrate Courts |
| Labor force | 218,000 (2001) | 35,296 (1997) |
| Labor force - by occupation | restaurants and hotels 26%, manufacturing 20%, other services and agriculture 54% (2000 est.) | clerical 23%, services 22%, laborers 17%, professional and technical 17%, administrative and managerial 12%, sales 7%, agriculture and fishing 2% (1996) |
| Land boundaries | total: 0.34 km
border countries: China 0.34 km |
0 km |
| Land use | arable land: 0%
permanent crops: 0% other: 100% note: "green areas" represent 22.4% (1998 est.) |
arable land:
6% permanent crops: 0% permanent pastures: 0% forests and woodland: 0% other: 94% (55% developed, 39% rural/open space) (1997 est.) |
| Languages | Portuguese, Chinese (Cantonese) | English (official), Portuguese |
| Legal system | based on Portuguese civil law system | English law |
| Legislative branch | unicameral Legislative Council or LEGCO (27 seats; 10 elected by popular vote, 10 by indirect vote, and 7 appointed by the chief executive; members serve four-year terms)
elections: last held 23 September 2001 (next to be held NA 2005) election results: percent of vote - NA%; seats by political bloc - Entertainment Industry 3, pro-democracy 2, pro-Beijing Labor Union 2, pro-Beijing Neighborhood Association 2, pro-business 1 |
bicameral Parliament consists of the Senate (an 11-member body appointed by the governor) and the House of Assembly (40 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)
elections: last held 9 November 1998 (next to be held NA November 2003) election results: percent of vote by party - PLP 54%, UBP 44%, NLP 1%, independents 1%; seats by party - PLP 26, UBP 14 |
| Life expectancy at birth | total population: 81.78 years
male: 78.97 years female: 84.73 years (2002 est.) |
total population:
77.12 years male: 75.04 years female: 79.06 years (2001 est.) |
| Literacy | definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 90% male: 93% female: 86% (1981 est.) |
definition:
age 15 and over can read and write total population: 98% male: 98% female: 99% (1970 est.) |
| Location | Eastern Asia, bordering the South China Sea and China | North America, group of islands in the North Atlantic Ocean, east of North Carolina (US) |
| Map references | Southeast Asia | North America |
| Maritime claims | not specified | exclusive fishing zone:
200 NM territorial sea: 12 NM |
| Merchant marine | none (2002 est.) | total:
105 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 5,836,538 GRT/9,728,045 DWT ships by type: bulk 27, cargo 4, container 15, liquefied gas 7, passenger 2, petroleum tanker 23, refrigerated cargo 16, roll on/roll off 8, short-sea passenger 3 note: includes some foreign-owned ships registered here as a flag of convenience: Canada 10, Hong Kong 10, Japan 1, Nigeria 4, Saudi Arabia 1, Sweden 3, Switzerland 2, UK 10, US 7 (2000 est.) |
| Military - note | responsibility for defense reverted to China on 20 December 1999 | defense is the responsibility of the UK |
| Military branches | no regular indigenous military forces; responsibility for defense reverted to China on 20 December 1999; there is a local police force | Bermuda Regiment, Bermuda Police Force, Bermuda Reserve Constabulary |
| Military expenditures - dollar figure | - | $NA |
| Military expenditures - percent of GDP | - | NA% |
| Military manpower - availability | males age 15-49: 128,005 (2002 est.) | - |
| Military manpower - fit for military service | males age 15-49: 70,508 (2002 est.) | - |
| National holiday | National Day (Anniversary of the Founding of the People's Republic of China), 1 October (1949); note - 20 December 1999 is celebrated as Macau Special Administrative Region Establishment Day | Bermuda Day, 24 May |
| Nationality | noun: Chinese
adjective: Chinese |
noun:
Bermudian(s) adjective: Bermudian |
| Natural hazards | typhoons | hurricanes (June to November) |
| Natural resources | NEGL | limestone, pleasant climate fostering tourism |
| Net migration rate | 9.08 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2002 est.) | 2.66 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.) |
| Political parties and leaders | there are no formal political parties, however, there are civic associations that, for purposes of legislative voting, join together to form political blocs | National Liberal Party or NLP [Dessaline WALDRON]; Progressive Labor Party or PLP [Jennifer SMITH]; United Bermuda Party or UBP [Pamela GORDON] |
| Political pressure groups and leaders | Catholic Church [Domingos LAM, bishop]; Macau Society of Tourism and Entertainment or STDM [Stanley HO, managing director]; Union for Democracy Development [Antonio NG Kuok-cheong, leader] | Bermuda Industrial Union or BIU [Derrick BURGESS]; Bermuda Public Services Association or BPSA [Betty CHRISTOPHER] |
| Population | 461,833 (July 2002 est.) | 63,503 (July 2001 est.) |
| Population below poverty line | NA% | NA% |
| Population growth rate | 1.75% (2002 est.) | 0.74% (2001 est.) |
| Ports and harbors | Macau | Hamilton, Saint George |
| Radio broadcast stations | AM 0, FM 2, shortwave 0 (1998) | AM 5, FM 3, shortwave 0 (1998) |
| Radios | 160,000 (1997) | 82,000 (1997) |
| Railways | 0 km | 0 km |
| Religions | Buddhist 50%, Roman Catholic 15%, none and other 35% (1997 est.) | non-Anglican Protestant 39%, Anglican 27%, Roman Catholic 15%, other 19% |
| Sex ratio | at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.08 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.9 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.68 male(s)/female total population: 0.92 male(s)/female (2002 est.) |
at birth:
0.94 male(s)/female under 15 years: 0.98 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.98 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.76 male(s)/female total population: 0.95 male(s)/female (2001 est.) |
| Suffrage | direct election 18 years of age, universal for permanent residents living in Macau for the past seven years; indirect election limited to organizations registered as "corporate voters" (257 are currently registered) and a 300-member Election Committee drawn from broad regional groupings, municipal organizations, and central government bodies | 18 years of age; universal |
| Telephone system | general assessment: fairly modern communication facilities maintained for domestic and international services
domestic: NA international: HF radiotelephone communication facility; access to international communications carriers provided via Hong Kong and China; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Indian Ocean) |
general assessment:
NA domestic: modern, fully automatic telephone system international: 3 submarine cables; satellite earth stations - 3 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) |
| Telephones - main lines in use | 176,902 (November 2001) | 52,000 (1997) |
| Telephones - mobile cellular | 158,251 (November 2001) | 7,980 (1996) |
| Television broadcast stations | 0 (receives Hong Kong broadcasts) (1997) | 3 (1997) |
| Terrain | generally flat | low hills separated by fertile depressions |
| Total fertility rate | 1.31 children born/woman (2002 est.) | 1.81 children born/woman (2001 est.) |
| Unemployment rate | 6.5% (2001 est.) | NEGL% (1995) |
| Waterways | none | none |
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