Compare Liechtenstein (2008) - Liechtenstein (2006)

Compare Liechtenstein (2008) z Liechtenstein (2006)

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	Liechtenstein (2008)	Liechtenstein (2006)

Administrative divisions	11 communes (Gemeinden, singular - Gemeinde); Balzers, Eschen, Gamprin, Mauren, Planken, Ruggell, Schaan, Schellenberg, Triesen, Triesenberg, Vaduz	11 communes (Gemeinden, singular - Gemeinde); Balzers, Eschen, Gamprin, Mauren, Planken, Ruggell, Schaan, Schellenberg, Triesen, Triesenberg, Vaduz
Age structure	0-14 years: 17.1% (male 2,902/female 2,963) 15-64 years: 70% (male 11,887/female 12,101) 65 years and over: 12.8% (male 1,862/female 2,532) (2007 est.)	0-14 years: 17.4% (male 2,922/female 2,988) 15-64 years: 70.2% (male 11,842/female 12,022) 65 years and over: 12.4% (male 1,773/female 2,440) (2006 est.)
Agriculture - products	wheat, barley, corn, potatoes; livestock, dairy products	wheat, barley, corn, potatoes; livestock, dairy products
Area	total: 160 sq km land: 160 sq km water: 0 sq km	total: 160 sq km land: 160 sq km water: 0 sq km
Area - comparative	about 0.9 times the size of Washington, DC	about 0.9 times the size of Washington, DC
Background	The Principality of Liechtenstein was established within the Holy Roman Empire in 1719; it became a sovereign state in 1806. Until the end of World War I, it was closely tied to Austria, but the economic devastation caused by that conflict forced Liechtenstein to enter into a customs and monetary union with Switzerland. Since World War II (in which Liechtenstein remained neutral), the country's low taxes have spurred outstanding economic growth. Shortcomings in banking regulatory oversight resulted in concerns about the use of financial institutions for money laundering. However, Liechtenstein implemented anti-money-laundering legislation over the past several years and a Mutual Legal Assistance Treaty with the US went into effect in 2003.	The Principality of Liechtenstein was established within the Holy Roman Empire in 1719; it became a sovereign state in 1806. Until the end of World War I, it was closely tied to Austria, but the economic devastation caused by that conflict forced Liechtenstein to enter into a customs and monetary union with Switzerland. Since World War II (in which Liechtenstein remained neutral), the country's low taxes have spurred outstanding economic growth. Shortcomings in banking regulatory oversight have resulted in concerns about the use of the financial institutions for money laundering. Liechtenstein has, however, implemented new anti-money-laundering legislation and recently concluded a Mutual Legal Assistance Treaty with the US.
Birth rate	10.02 births/1,000 population (2007 est.)	10.21 births/1,000 population (2006 est.)
Budget	revenues: $424.2 million expenditures: $414.1 million (1998 est.)	revenues: $424.2 million expenditures: $414.1 million; including capital expenditures of $NA (1998 est.)
Capital	name: Vaduz geographic coordinates: 47 08 N, 9 31 E time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time) daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October	name: Vaduz geographic coordinates: 47 09 N, 9 31 E time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time) daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October
Climate	continental; cold, cloudy winters with frequent snow or rain; cool to moderately warm, cloudy, humid summers	continental; cold, cloudy winters with frequent snow or rain; cool to moderately warm, cloudy, humid summers
Coastline	0 km (doubly landlocked)	0 km (doubly landlocked)
Constitution	5 October 1921	5 October 1921
Country name	conventional long form: Principality of Liechtenstein conventional short form: Liechtenstein local long form: Fuerstentum Liechtenstein local short form: Liechtenstein	conventional long form: Principality of Liechtenstein conventional short form: Liechtenstein local long form: Fuerstentum Liechtenstein local short form: Liechtenstein
Death rate	7.3 deaths/1,000 population (2007 est.)	7.18 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)
Debt - external	$0 (2001)	$0 (2001)
Diplomatic representation from the US	the US does not have an embassy in Liechtenstein; the US Ambassador to Switzerland is accredited to Liechtenstein	the US does not have an embassy in Liechtenstein, but the US Ambassador to Switzerland is also accredited to Liechtenstein
Diplomatic representation in the US	chief of mission: Ambassador Claudia FRITSCHE chancery: 888 17th Street NW, Suite 1250, Washington, DC 20006 telephone: [1] (202) 331-0590 FAX: [1] (202) 331-3221	chief of mission: Ambassador Claudia FRITSCHE chancery: 888 17th Street NW, Suite 1250, Washington, DC 20006 telephone: [1] (202) 331-0590 FAX: [1] (202) 331-3221
Disputes - international	none	in February 2005, the ICJ refused to rule on the restitution of Liechtenstein's land and property assets in the Czech Republic confiscated in 1945 as German property
Economic aid - recipient	-	$0
Economy - overview	Despite its small size and limited natural resources, Liechtenstein has developed into a prosperous, highly industrialized, free-enterprise economy with a vital financial service sector and living standards on a par with its large European neighbors. The Liechtenstein economy is widely diversified with a large number of small businesses. Low business taxes - the maximum tax rate is 20% - and easy incorporation rules have induced many holding or so-called letter box companies to establish nominal offices in Liechtenstein, providing 30% of state revenues. The country participates in a customs union with Switzerland and uses the Swiss franc as its national currency. It imports more than 90% of its energy requirements. Liechtenstein has been a member of the European Economic Area (an organization serving as a bridge between the European Free Trade Association (EFTA) and the EU) since May 1995. The government is working to harmonize its economic policies with those of an integrated Europe.	Despite its small size and limited natural resources, Liechtenstein has developed into a prosperous, highly industrialized, free-enterprise economy with a vital financial service sector and living standards on a par with its large European neighbors. The Liechtenstein economy is widely diversified with a large number of small businesses. Low business taxes - the maximum tax rate is 20% - and easy incorporation rules have induced many holding or so-called letter box companies to establish nominal offices in Liechtenstein, providing 30% of state revenues. The country participates in a customs union with Switzerland and uses the Swiss franc as its national currency. It imports more than 90% of its energy requirements. Liechtenstein has been a member of the European Economic Area (an organization serving as a bridge between the European Free Trade Association (EFTA) and the EU) since May 1995. The government is working to harmonize its economic policies with those of an integrated Europe.
Elevation extremes	lowest point: Ruggeller Riet 430 m highest point: Vorder-Grauspitz 2,599 m	lowest point: Ruggeller Riet 430 m highest point: Vorder-Grauspitz 2,599 m
Environment - current issues	NA	NA
Environment - international agreements	party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulfur 85, Air Pollution-Sulfur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea	party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulfur 85, Air Pollution-Sulfur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea
Ethnic groups	Alemannic 86%, Italian, Turkish, and other 14%	Alemannic 86%, Italian, Turkish, and other 14%
Exchange rates	Swiss francs per US dollar - 1.1973 (2007), 1.2539 (2006), 1.2452 (2005), 1.2435 (2004), 1.3467 (2003)	Swiss francs per US dollar - 1.2452 (2005), 1.2435 (2004), 1.3467 (2003), 1.5586 (2002), 1.6876 (2001)
Executive branch	chief of state: Prince HANS ADAM II (since 13 November 1989, assumed executive powers 26 August 1984); Heir Apparent Prince ALOIS, son of the monarch (born 11 June 1968); note - on 15 August 2004, HANS ADAM transferred the official duties of the ruling prince to ALOIS, but HANS ADAM retains status of chief of state head of government: Head of Government Otmar HASLER (since 5 April 2001); Deputy Head of Government Klaus TSCHUETSCHER (since 21 April 2005) cabinet: Cabinet elected by the Parliament, confirmed by the monarch elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party in the Landtag is usually appointed the head of government by the monarch and the leader of the largest minority party in the Landtag is usually appointed the deputy head of government by the monarch if there is a coalition government	chief of state: Prince HANS ADAM II (since 13 November 1989, assumed executive powers 26 August 1984); Heir Apparent Prince ALOIS, son of the monarch (born 11 June 1968); note - on 15 August 2004, HANS ADAM transferred the official duties of the ruling prince to ALOIS, but HANS ADAM retains status of chief of state head of government: Head of Government Ottmar HASLER (since 5 April 2001) and Deputy Head of Government Rita KIEBER-BECK (since 5 April 2001) cabinet: Cabinet elected by the Parliament, confirmed by the monarch elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party in the Landtag is usually appointed the head of government by the monarch and the leader of the largest minority party in the Landtag is usually appointed the deputy head of government by the monarch
Exports	$2.47 billion (1996)	$2.47 billion (1996)
Exports - commodities	small specialty machinery, connectors for audio and video, parts for motor vehicles, dental products, hardware, prepared foodstuffs, electronic equipment, optical products	small specialty machinery, connectors for audio and video, parts for motor vehicles, dental products, hardware, prepared foodstuffs, electronic equipment, optical products
Exports - partners	EU 62.6% (Germany 24.3%, Austria 9.5%, France 8.9%, Italy 6.6%, UK 4.6%), US 18.9%, Switzerland 15.7% (2006)	EU 62.6% (Germany 24.3%, Austria 9.5%, France 8.9%, Italy 6.6%, UK 4.6%), US 18.9%, Switzerland 15.7% (2004)
Fiscal year	calendar year	calendar year
Flag description	two equal horizontal bands of blue (top) and red with a gold crown on the hoist side of the blue band	two equal horizontal bands of blue (top) and red with a gold crown on the hoist side of the blue band
GDP - composition by sector	agriculture: 6% industry: 39% services: 55% (2001)	agriculture: 6% NA% industry: 39% services: 55% NA% (1999)
GDP - real growth rate	11% (1999 est.)	11% (1999 est.)
Geographic coordinates	47 16 N, 9 32 E	47 16 N, 9 32 E
Geography - note	along with Uzbekistan, one of only two doubly landlocked countries in the world; variety of microclimatic variations based on elevation	along with Uzbekistan, one of only two doubly landlocked countries in the world; variety of microclimatic variations based on elevation
Household income or consumption by percentage share	lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%	lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%
Illicit drugs	has strengthened money laundering controls, but money laundering remains a concern due to Liechtenstein's sophisticated offshore financial services sector	has strengthened money-laundering controls, but money laundering remains a concern due to Liechtenstein's sophisticated offshore financial services sector
Imports	$917.3 million (1996)	$917.3 million (1996)
Imports - commodities	agricultural products, raw materials, energy products, machinery, metal goods, textiles, foodstuffs, motor vehicles	agricultural products, raw materials, machinery, metal goods, textiles, foodstuffs, motor vehicles
Imports - partners	EU, Switzerland (2006)	EU, Switzerland (2004)
Independence	23 January 1719 (Principality of Liechtenstein established); 12 July 1806 (independence from the Holy Roman Empire)	23 January 1719 (Principality of Liechtenstein established); 12 July 1806 (independence from the Holy Roman Empire)
Industrial production growth rate	NA%	NA%
Industries	electronics, metal manufacturing, dental products, ceramics, pharmaceuticals, food products, precision instruments, tourism, optical instruments	electronics, metal manufacturing, dental products, ceramics, pharmaceuticals, food products, precision instruments, tourism, optical instruments
Infant mortality rate	total: 4.58 deaths/1,000 live births male: 6.13 deaths/1,000 live births female: 3.02 deaths/1,000 live births (2007 est.)	total: 4.64 deaths/1,000 live births male: 6.24 deaths/1,000 live births female: 3.04 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices)	1% (2001)	1% (2001)
International organization participation	CE, EBRD, EFTA, IAEA, ICCt, ICRM, IFRCS, Interpol, IOC, IPU, ITSO, ITU, OPCW, OSCE, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UPU, WCL, WIPO, WTO	CE, EBRD, EFTA, IAEA, ICCt, ICRM, IFRCS, Interpol, IOC, IPU, ITU, OPCW, OSCE, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UPU, WCL, WIPO, WTO
Irrigated land	NA	NA
Judicial branch	Supreme Court or Oberster Gerichtshof; Court of Appeal or Obergericht	Supreme Court or Oberster Gerichtshof; Court of Appeal or Obergericht
Labor force	29,500 of whom 13,900 commute from Austria, Switzerland, and Germany to work each day (31 December 2001)	29,500 of whom 13,900 commute from Austria, Switzerland, and Germany to work each day (31 December 2001)
Labor force - by occupation	agriculture: 2% industry: 47% services: 51% (31 December 2001)	agriculture: 2% industry: 47% services: 51% (31 December 2001)
Land boundaries	total: 76 km border countries: Austria 34.9 km, Switzerland 41.1 km	total: 76 km border countries: Austria 34.9 km, Switzerland 41.1 km
Land use	arable land: 25% permanent crops: 0% other: 75% (2005)	arable land: 25% permanent crops: 0% other: 75% (2005)
Languages	German (official), Alemannic dialect	German (official), Alemannic dialect
Legal system	local civil and penal codes based on civil law system; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations	local civil and penal codes; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations
Legislative branch	unicameral Parliament or Landtag (25 seats; members are elected by popular vote under proportional representation to serve four-year terms) elections: last held 11 and 13 March 2005 (next to be held by 2009) election results: percent of vote by party - FBP 48.7%, VU 38.2%, FL 13%; seats by party - FBP 12, VU 10, FL 3	unicameral Parliament or Landtag (25 seats; members are elected by direct, popular vote under proportional representation to serve four-year terms) elections: last held 11 and 13 March 2005 (next to be held by NA 2009) election results: percent of vote by party - FBP 48.7%, VU 38.2%, FL 13%; seats by party - FBP 12, VU 10, FL 3
Life expectancy at birth	total population: 79.81 years male: 76.24 years female: 83.4 years (2007 est.)	total population: 79.68 years male: 76.1 years female: 83.28 years (2006 est.)
Literacy	definition: age 10 and over can read and write total population: 100% male: 100% female: 100%	definition: age 10 and over can read and write total population: 100% male: 100% female: 100%
Location	Central Europe, between Austria and Switzerland	Central Europe, between Austria and Switzerland
Map references	Europe	Europe
Maritime claims	none (landlocked)	none (landlocked)
Military - note	defense is the responsibility of Switzerland	defense is the responsibility of Switzerland
National holiday	Assumption Day, 15 August	Assumption Day, 15 August
Nationality	noun: Liechtensteiner(s) adjective: Liechtenstein	noun: Liechtensteiner(s) adjective: Liechtenstein
Natural hazards	NA	NA
Natural resources	hydroelectric potential, arable land	hydroelectric potential, arable land
Net migration rate	4.73 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2007 est.)	4.77 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)
Pipelines	gas 20 km (2007)	gas 20 km (2006)
Political parties and leaders	Patriotic Union or VU [Adolf HEEB] (was Fatherland Union); Progressive Citizens' Party or FBP [Marcus VOGT]; The Free List or FL [Claudia HEEB-FLECK and Egon MATT]	Patriotic Union (was Fatherland Union) or VU [Adolf HEEB]; Progressive Citizens' Party or FBP [Otmar HASLER]; The Free List or FL
Political pressure groups and leaders	NA	NA
Population	34,247 (July 2007 est.)	33,987 (July 2006 est.)
Population below poverty line	NA%	NA%
Population growth rate	0.745% (2007 est.)	0.78% (2006 est.)
Radio broadcast stations	AM 0, FM 4, shortwave 0 (1998)	AM 0, FM 4, shortwave 0 (1998)
Railways	9 km 1.435-m gauge (electrified) note: belongs to the Austrian Railway System connecting Austria and Switzerland (2006)	9 km 1.435-m gauge (electrified) note: belongs to the Austrian Railway System connecting Austria and Switzerland (2006)
Religions	Roman Catholic 76.2%, Protestant 7%, unknown 10.6%, other 6.2% (June 2002)	Roman Catholic 76.2%, Protestant 7%, unknown 10.6%, other 6.2% (June 2002)
Sex ratio	at birth: 1.01 male(s)/female under 15 years: 0.979 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.982 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.735 male(s)/female total population: 0.946 male(s)/female (2007 est.)	at birth: 1.01 male(s)/female under 15 years: 0.98 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.99 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.73 male(s)/female total population: 0.95 male(s)/female (2006 est.)
Suffrage	18 years of age; universal	18 years of age; universal
Telephone system	general assessment: automatic telephone system domestic: NA international: country code - 423; linked to Swiss networks by cable and microwave radio relay	general assessment: automatic telephone system domestic: NA international: country code - 423; linked to Swiss networks by cable and microwave radio relay
Telephones - main lines in use	20,000 (2005)	19,900 (2002)
Telephones - mobile cellular	27,500 (2005)	11,400 (2002)
Television broadcast stations	NA (linked to Swiss networks) (1997)	NA (linked to Swiss networks) (1997)
Terrain	mostly mountainous (Alps) with Rhine Valley in western third	mostly mountainous (Alps) with Rhine Valley in western third
Total fertility rate	1.51 children born/woman (2007 est.)	1.51 children born/woman (2006 est.)
Unemployment rate	1.3% (September 2002)	1.3% (September 2002)
Waterways	28 km (2006)	28 km (2005)

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