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Compare Kenya (2001) - Cambodia (2005)

Compare Kenya (2001) z Cambodia (2005)

 Kenya (2001)Cambodia (2005)
 KenyaCambodia
Administrative divisions 7 provinces and 1 area*; Central, Coast, Eastern, Nairobi Area*, North Eastern, Nyanza, Rift Valley, Western 20 provinces (khaitt, singular and plural) and 4 municipalities (krong, singular and plural)

provinces: Banteay Mean Chey, Batdambang, Kampong Cham, Kampong Chhnang, Kampong Spoe, Kampong Thum, Kampot, Kandal, Koh Kong, Kracheh, Mondol Kiri, Otdar Mean Chey, Pouthisat, Preah Vihear, Prey Veng, Rotanakir, Siem Reab, Stoeng Treng, Svay Rieng, Takao

municipalities: Keb, Pailin, Phnom Penh, Preah Seihanu
Age structure 0-14 years:
41.95% (male 6,524,776; female 6,381,192)

15-64 years:
55.26% (male 8,529,842; female 8,471,609)

65 years and over:
2.79% (male 376,151; female 482,346) (2001 est.)
0-14 years: 37.3% (male 2,559,734/female 2,510,235)


15-64 years: 59.7% (male 3,887,642/female 4,232,313)


65 years and over: 3.1% (male 150,862/female 266,283) (2005 est.)
Agriculture - products coffee, tea, corn, wheat, sugarcane, fruit, vegetables; dairy products, beef, pork, poultry, eggs rice, rubber, corn, vegetables, cashews, tapioca
Airports 230 (2000 est.) 20 (2004 est.)
Airports - with paved runways total:
22

over 3,047 m:
4

2,438 to 3,047 m:
1

1,524 to 2,437 m:
3

914 to 1,523 m:
13

under 914 m:
1 (2000 est.)
total: 6


2,438 to 3,047 m: 2


1,524 to 2,437 m: 2


914 to 1,523 m: 2 (2004 est.)
Airports - with unpaved runways total:
208

2,438 to 3,047 m:
1

1,524 to 2,437 m:
14

914 to 1,523 m:
109

under 914 m:
84 (2000 est.)
total: 14


1,524 to 2,437 m: 2


914 to 1,523 m: 11


under 914 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Area total:
582,650 sq km

land:
569,250 sq km

water:
13,400 sq km
total: 181,040 sq km


land: 176,520 sq km


water: 4,520 sq km
Area - comparative slightly more than twice the size of Nevada slightly smaller than Oklahoma
Background Revered president and liberation struggle icon Jomo KENYATTA led Kenya from independence until his death in 1978, when current President Daniel Toroitich arap MOI took power in a constitutional succession. The country was a de facto one-party state from 1969 until 1982 when the ruling Kenya African National Union (KANU) made itself the sole legal party in Kenya. MOI acceded to internal and external pressure for political liberalization in late 1991. The ethnically fractured opposition failed to dislodge KANU from power in elections in 1992 and 1997, which were marred by violence and fraud, but are viewed as having generally reflected the will of the Kenyan people. The country faces a period of political uncertainty because MOI is constitutionally required to step down at the next elections that have to be held by early 2003. Most Cambodians consider themselves to be Khmers, whose Angkor Empire extended over much of Southeast Asia and reached its zenith between the 10th and 13th centuries. Subsequently, attacks by the Thai and Cham (from present-day Vietnam) weakened the empire ushering in a long period of decline. In 1863, the king of Cambodia placed the country under French protection; it became part of French Indochina in 1887. Following Japanese occupation in World War II, Cambodia became independent within the French Union in 1949 and fully independent in 1953. After a five-year struggle, Communist Khmer Rouge forces captured Phnom Penh in April 1975 and ordered the evacuation of all cities and towns; at least 1.5 million Cambodians died from execution, enforced hardships, or starvation during the Khmer Rouge regime under POL POT. A December 1978 Vietnamese invasion drove the Khmer Rouge into the countryside, led to a 10-year Vietnamese occupation, and touched off almost 13 years of civil war. The 1991 Paris Peace Accords mandated democratic elections and a ceasefire, which was not fully respected by the Khmer Rouge. UN-sponsored elections in 1993 helped restore some semblance of normalcy and the final elements of the Khmer Rouge surrendered in early 1999. Factional fighting in 1997 ended the first coalition government, but a second round of national elections in 1998 led to the formation of another coalition government and renewed political stability. The July 2003 elections were relatively peaceful, but it took one year of negotiations between contending political parties before a coalition government was formed. Nation-wide local elections are scheduled for 2007 and national elections for 2008.
Birth rate 28.5 births/1,000 population (2001 est.) 27.08 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Budget revenues:
$2.91 billion

expenditures:
$2.97 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (2000 est.)
revenues: $548.2 million


expenditures: $836.7 million, including capital expenditures of $291 million of which 75% was financed by external assistance (2004 est.)
Capital Nairobi Phnom Penh
Climate varies from tropical along coast to arid in interior tropical; rainy, monsoon season (May to November); dry season (December to April); little seasonal temperature variation
Coastline 536 km 443 km
Constitution 12 December 1963, amended as a republic 1964; reissued with amendments 1979, 1983, 1986, 1988, 1991, 1992, and 1997 promulgated 21 September 1993
Country name conventional long form:
Republic of Kenya

conventional short form:
Kenya

former:
British East Africa
conventional long form: Kingdom of Cambodia


conventional short form: Cambodia


local long form: Preahreacheanacha Kampuchea (phonetic pronunciation)


local short form: Kampuchea


former: Kingdom of Cambodia, Khmer Republic, Democratic Kampuchea, People's Republic of Kampuchea, State of Cambodia
Currency Kenyan shilling (KES) -
Death rate 14.35 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.) 8.97 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Debt - external $6.2 billion (2000) $2.4 billion (2002 est.)
Diplomatic representation from the US chief of mission:
Ambassador Johnnie CARSON

embassy:
US Embassy, Mombasa Road, Nairobi

mailing address:
P. O. Box 30137, Box 21A, Unit 64100, APO AE 09831

telephone:
[254] (2) 537-800

FAX:
[254] (2) 537-810
chief of mission: Ambassador Joseph A. MUSSOMELI


embassy: 27 EO Street 240, Phnom Penh


mailing address: Box P, APO AP 96546


telephone: [855] (23) 216-436/438


FAX: [855] (23) 216-437/811
Diplomatic representation in the US chief of mission:
Ambassador Yusuf Abdulraham NZIBO

chancery:
2249 R Street NW, Washington, DC 20008

telephone:
[1] (202) 387-6101

FAX:
[1] (202) 462-3829

consulate(s) general:
offices in Los Angeles and New York are closed; mission to the UN remains open
chief of mission: Ambassador EK SEREYWATH


chancery: 4530 16th Street NW, Washington, DC 20011


telephone: [1] (202) 726-7742


FAX: [1] (202) 726-8381
Disputes - international administrative boundary with Sudan does not coincide with international boundary Southeast Asian states have enhanced border surveillance to check the spread of avian flu; Cambodia and Thailand dispute sections of boundary with missing boundary markers and Thai encroachments into Cambodian territory; maritime boundary with Vietnam is hampered by unresolved dispute over offshore islands; Cambodia accuses Thailand of obstructing access to Preah Vihear temple ruins awarded to Cambodia by ICJ decision in 1962; in 2004 Cambodian-Laotian and Laotian-Vietnamese boundary commissions reerect missing markers completing most of their demarcations
Economic aid - recipient $457 million (1997) $504 million pledged in grants and concessional loans for 2005 by international donors
Economy - overview Kenya is well placed to serve as an engine of growth in East Africa, but its economy has been stagnating because of poor management and uneven commitment to reform. In 1993, the government of Kenya implemented a program of economic liberalization and reform that included the removal of import licensing, price controls, and foreign exchange controls. With the support of the World Bank, IMF, and other donors, the reforms led to a brief turnaround in economic performance following a period of negative growth in the early 1990s. Kenya's real GDP grew 5% in 1995 and 4% in 1996, and inflation remained under control. Growth slowed after 1997, averaging only 1.5% in 1997-2000. In 1997, political violence damaged the tourist industry, and Kenya's Enhanced Structural Adjustment Program lapsed due to the government's failure to maintain reform or address public sector corruption. Severe drought in 1999 and 2000 caused water and energy rationing and reduced agricultural sector productivity. A new economic team was put in place in 1999 to revitalize the reform effort, strengthen the civil service, and curb corruption. The IMF and World Bank renewed their support to Kenya in mid-2000, but a number of setbacks to the economic reform program in late 2000 have renewed donor and private sector concern about the government's commitment to sound governance. Long-term barriers to development include electricity shortages, inefficient government dominance of key sectors, endemic corruption, and high population growth. Cambodia's economy slowed dramatically in 1997 and 1998 due to the regional economic crisis, civil violence, and political infighting, and foreign investment and tourism decreased. In 1999, the first full year of peace in 30 years, the government made progress on economic reforms. Growth resumed and remained about 5% from 2000 to 2004. Economic growth has been largely driven by expansion in the garment sector and tourism, but is expected to fall in 2005 as growth in the garment sector stalls. Clothing exports were fostered by a US-Cambodian Bilateral Textile Agreement signed in 1999 which gave Cambodia a guaranteed quota of US textile imports and established a bonus for improving working conditions and enforcing Cambodian labor laws and international labor standards in the industry. With the January 2005 expiration of a WTO Agreement on Textiles and Clothing, Cambodia-based textile producers are in direct competition with lower priced producing countries such as China and India. Faced with the possibility that over the next five years Cambodia may lose orders and some of the 250,000 well-paid jobs the industry provides, Cambodia has committed itself to a policy of continued support for high labor standards in an attempt to maintain favor with buyers. Tourism growth remains strong, with arrivals up 15% in 2004. The long-term development of the economy after decades of war remains a daunting challenge. The population lacks education and productive skills, particularly in the poverty-ridden countryside, which suffers from an almost total lack of basic infrastructure. Fully 75% of the population remains engaged in subsistence farming. Fear of renewed political instability and a dysfunctional legal system coupled with extensive government corruption discourage foreign investment. The Cambodian government continues to work with bilateral and multilateral donors to address the country's many pressing needs. In December 2004, official donors pledged $504 million in aid for 2005 on the condition that the Cambodian government begins taking steps to address rampant corruption. The next donor pledging session is scheduled for December 2005. The major economic challenge for Cambodia over the next decade will be fashioning an economic environment in which the private sector can create enough jobs to handle Cambodia's demographic imbalance. More than 50% of the population is 20 years or younger.
Electricity - consumption 4.075 billion kWh (1999) 100.6 million kWh (2002)
Electricity - exports 0 kWh (1999) 0 kWh (2002)
Electricity - imports 146 million kWh (1999) 0 kWh (2002)
Electricity - production 4.225 billion kWh (1999) 122 million kWh (2003)
Electricity - production by source fossil fuel:
31%

hydro:
67%

nuclear:
0%

other:
2% (1999 est.)
-
Elevation extremes lowest point:
Indian Ocean 0 m

highest point:
Mount Kenya 5,199 m
lowest point: Gulf of Thailand 0 m


highest point: Phnum Aoral 1,810 m
Environment - current issues water pollution from urban and industrial wastes; degradation of water quality from increased use of pesticides and fertilizers; water hyacinth infestation in Lake Victoria; deforestation; soil erosion; desertification; poaching illegal logging activities throughout the country and strip mining for gems in the western region along the border with Thailand have resulted in habitat loss and declining biodiversity (in particular, destruction of mangrove swamps threatens natural fisheries); soil erosion; in rural areas, most of the population does not have access to potable water; declining fish stocks because of illegal fishing and overfishing
Environment - international agreements party to:
Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling

signed, but not ratified:
none of the selected agreements
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands


signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea
Ethnic groups Kikuyu 22%, Luhya 14%, Luo 13%, Kalenjin 12%, Kamba 11%, Kisii 6%, Meru 6%, other African 15%, non-African (Asian, European, and Arab) 1% Khmer 90%, Vietnamese 5%, Chinese 1%, other 4%
Exchange rates Kenyan shillings per US dollar - 78.733 (December 2000), 76.176 (2000), 70.326 (1999), 60.367 (1998), 58.732 (1997), 57.115 (1996) riels per US dollar - 4,016.25 (2004), 3,973.33 (2003), 3,912.08 (2002), 3,916.33 (2001), 3,840.75 (2000)
Executive branch chief of state:
President Daniel Toroitich arap MOI (since 14 October 1978); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government

head of government:
President Daniel Toroitich arap MOI (since 14 October 1978); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government

cabinet:
Cabinet appointed by the president

elections:
president elected by popular vote from among the members of the National Assembly for a five-year term; in addition to receiving the largest number of votes in absolute terms, the presidential candidate must also win 25% or more of the vote in at least five of Kenya's seven provinces and one area to avoid a runoff; election last held 29 December 1997 (next to be held by early 2003); vice president appointed by the president

election results:
President Daniel Toroitich arap MOI reelected; percent of vote - Daniel T. arap MOI (KANU) 40.6%, Mwai KIBAKI (DP) 31.5%, Raila ODINGA (NDP) 11.1%, Michael WAMALWA (FORD-K) 8.4%, Charity NGILU (SDP) 7.8%
chief of state: King Norodom SIHAMONI (since 29 October 2004)


head of government: Prime Minister HUN SEN (since 14 January 1985) and Deputy Prime Ministers SAR KHENG (since 3 February 1992), Norodom SIRIVUDH, SOK AN, LU LAY SRENG, TEA BANH, HOR NAMHONG, NHEK BUNCHHAY (since 16 July 2004)


cabinet: Council of Ministers in theory appointed by the monarch; in practice named by the prime minister


elections: none; the monarch is chosen by a Royal Throne Council; following legislative elections, a member of the majority party or majority coalition is named prime minister by the Chairman of the National Assembly and appointed by the king
Exports $1.7 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.) NA
Exports - commodities tea, coffee, horticultural products, petroleum products, fish, cement Clothing, timber, rubber, rice, fish, tobacco, footwear
Exports - partners Uganda 18%, UK 15%, Tanzania 12%, Pakistan 8% (1999) US 55.9%, Germany 11.7%, UK 6.9%, Vietnam 4.4%, Canada 4.2% (2004)
Fiscal year 1 July - 30 June calendar year
Flag description three equal horizontal bands of black (top), red, and green; the red band is edged in white; a large warrior's shield covering crossed spears is superimposed at the center three horizontal bands of blue (top), red (double width), and blue with a white three-towered temple representing Angkor Wat outlined in black in the center of the red band; only national flag to incorporate a building in its design
GDP purchasing power parity - $45.6 billion (2000 est.) -
GDP - composition by sector agriculture:
25%

industry:
13%

services:
62% (1999 est.)
agriculture: 35%


industry: 30%


services: 35% (2004 est.)
GDP - per capita purchasing power parity - $1,500 (2000 est.) purchasing power parity - $2,000 (2004 est.)
GDP - real growth rate 0.4% (2000 est.) 5.4% (2004 est.)
Geographic coordinates 1 00 N, 38 00 E 13 00 N, 105 00 E
Geography - note the Kenyan Highlands comprise one of the most successful agricultural production regions in Africa; glaciers on Mt. Kenya; unique physiography supports abundant and varied wildlife of scientific and economic value a land of paddies and forests dominated by the Mekong River and Tonle Sap
Heliports - 2 (2004 est.)
Highways total:
63,800 km

paved:
8,868 km

unpaved:
54,932 km (1996)
total: 12,323 km


paved: 1,996 km


unpaved: 10,327 km (2000 est)
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%:
1.8%

highest 10%:
34.9% (1994)
lowest 10%: 2.9%


highest 10%: 33.8% (1997)
Illicit drugs widespread harvesting of small plots of marijuana; transit country for South Asian heroin destined for Europe and North America; Indian methaqualone also transits on way to South Africa narcotics-related corruption reportedly involving some in the government, military, and police; possible small-scale opium, heroin, and amphetamine production; large producer of cannabis for the international market; vulnerable to money laundering due to its cash-based economy and porous borders
Imports $3 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.) NA
Imports - commodities machinery and transportation equipment, petroleum products, iron and steel petroleum products, cigarettes, gold, construction materials, machinery, motor vehicles, pharmaceutical products
Imports - partners UK 12%, UAE 8%, Japan 8%, US 7% (1999) Thailand 22.5%, Hong Kong 14.1%, China 13.6%, Vietnam 10.9%, Singapore 10.8%, Taiwan 8.4% (2004)
Independence 12 December 1963 (from UK) 9 November 1953 (from France)
Industrial production growth rate 0.5% (2000 est.) 22% (2002 est.)
Industries small-scale consumer goods (plastic, furniture, batteries, textiles, soap, cigarettes, flour), agricultural products processing; oil refining, cement; tourism tourism, garments, rice milling, fishing, wood and wood products, rubber, cement, gem mining, textiles
Infant mortality rate 67.99 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.) total: 71.48 deaths/1,000 live births


male: 80.13 deaths/1,000 live births


female: 62.43 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 7% (2000 est.) 3.1% (2004 est.)
International organization participation ACP, AfDB, C, CCC, EADB, ECA, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IGAD, ILO, IMF, IMO, Inmarsat, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, MINURSO, MONUC, NAM, OAU, OPCW, UN, UNAMSIL, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNIKOM, UNMEE, UNMIBH, UNMIK, UNMOP, UNTAET, UNU, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO ACCT, APT, ARF, AsDB, ASEAN, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO (subscriber), ITU, MIGA, NAM, OPCW (signatory), PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) 5 (2000) -
Irrigated land 660 sq km (1993 est.) 2,700 sq km (1998 est.)
Judicial branch Court of Appeal (chief justice is appointed by the president); High Court Supreme Council of the Magistracy (provided for in the constitution and formed in December 1997); Supreme Court (and lower courts) exercises judicial authority
Labor force 9.2 million (1998 est.) 7 million (2003 est.)
Labor force - by occupation agriculture 75%-80% agriculture 75% (2004 est.)
Land boundaries total:
3,446 km

border countries:
Ethiopia 830 km, Somalia 682 km, Sudan 232 km, Tanzania 769 km, Uganda 933 km
total: 2,572 km


border countries: Laos 541 km, Thailand 803 km, Vietnam 1,228 km
Land use arable land:
7%

permanent crops:
1%

permanent pastures:
37%

forests and woodland:
30%

other:
25% (1993 est.)
arable land: 20.96%


permanent crops: 0.61%


other: 78.43% (2001)
Languages English (official), Kiswahili (official), numerous indigenous languages Khmer (official) 95%, French, English
Legal system based on English common law, tribal law, and Islamic law; judicial review in High Court; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations; constitutional amendment of 1982 making Kenya a de jure one-party state repealed in 1991 primarily a civil law mixture of French-influenced codes from the United Nations Transitional Authority in Cambodia (UNTAC) period, royal decrees, and acts of the legislature, with influences of customary law and remnants of communist legal theory; increasing influence of common law in recent years
Legislative branch unicameral National Assembly or Bunge (222 seats; 210 members elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms, 12 so-called "nominated" members who are appointed by the president, but selected by the parties in proportion to their parliamentary vote totals)

elections:
last held 29 December 1997 (next to be held by early 2003)

election results:
percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - KANU 107, FORD-A 1, FORD-K 17, FORD-People 3, DP 39, NDP 21, SDP 15, SAFINA 5, smaller parties 2; seats appointed by the president - KANU 6, FORD-K 1, DP 2, SDP 1, NDP 1, SAFINA 1
bicameral, consists of the National Assembly (123 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms) and the Senate (61 seats; two members appointed by the monarch, two elected by the National Assembly, and 57 elected by "functional constituencies"; members serve five-year terms)


elections: National Assembly - last held 27 July 2003 (next to be held in July 2008); Senate - last held 2 March 1999 (scheduled to be held in 2004 but delayed)


election results: National Assembly - percent of vote by party - CPP 47%, SRP 22%, FUNCINPEC 21%, other 10%; seats by party - CPP 73, FUNCINPEC 26, SRP 24; Senate - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - CPP 31, FUNCINPEC 21, SRP 7, other 2 (July 2003)
Life expectancy at birth total population:
47.49 years

male:
46.57 years

female:
48.44 years (2001 est.)
total population: 58.92 years


male: 56.98 years


female: 60.95 years (2005 est.)
Literacy definition:
age 15 and over can read and write

total population:
78.1%

male:
86.3%

female:
70% (1995 est.)
definition: age 15 and over can read and write


total population: 73.6%


male: 84.7%


female: 64.1% (2004 est.)
Location Eastern Africa, bordering the Indian Ocean, between Somalia and Tanzania Southeastern Asia, bordering the Gulf of Thailand, between Thailand, Vietnam, and Laos
Map references Africa Southeast Asia
Maritime claims continental shelf:
200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation

exclusive economic zone:
200 NM

territorial sea:
12 NM
territorial sea: 12 nm


contiguous zone: 24 nm


exclusive economic zone: 200 nm


continental shelf: 200 nm
Merchant marine total:
2 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 4,893 GRT/6,255 DWT

ships by type:
petroleum tanker 1, roll on/roll off 1 (2000 est.)
total: 479 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 1,913,910 GRT/2,713,967 DWT


by type: bulk carrier 34, cargo 396, chemical tanker 9, container 6, livestock carrier 3, passenger/cargo 3, petroleum tanker 11, refrigerated cargo 11, roll on/roll off 5, specialized tanker 1


foreign-owned: 193 (Canada 4, China 39, China 2, Cyprus 4, Egypt 5, Estonia 2, France 1, Germany 1, Greece 6, Honduras 1, Hong Kong 3, Indonesia 1, Isle of Man 1, Israel 1, Italy 1, Japan 1, Lebanon 1, Nigeria 2, Norway 1, Russia 58, Singapore 5, South Korea 23, Syria 8, Turkey 7, Ukraine 6, UAE 1, United States 7, Yemen 1) (2005)
Military branches Army, Navy, Air Force, paramilitary General Service Unit of the Police Royal Cambodian Armed Forces: Army, Navy, Air Force
Military expenditures - dollar figure $197 million (FY98/99) $112 million (FY01 est.)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP 1.9% (FY98/99) 3% (FY01 est.)
Military manpower - availability males age 15-49:
7,712,402 (2001 est.)
-
Military manpower - fit for military service males age 15-49:
4,774,889 (2001 est.)
-
National holiday Independence Day, 12 December (1963) Independence Day, 9 November (1953)
Nationality noun:
Kenyan(s)

adjective:
Kenyan
noun: Cambodian(s)


adjective: Cambodian
Natural hazards recurring drought in northern and eastern regions; flooding during rainy seasons monsoonal rains (June to November); flooding; occasional droughts
Natural resources gold, limestone, soda ash, salt barites, rubies, fluorspar, garnets, wildlife, hydropower oil and gas, timber, gemstones, some iron ore, manganese, phosphates, hydropower potential
Net migration rate -1.5 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)

note:
according to UNHCR, by the end of 1999 Kenya was host to 223,700 refugees from neighboring countries, including: Somalia 141,000 and Sudan 64,250
0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Pipelines petroleum products 483 km -
Political parties and leaders Democratic Party of Kenya or DP [Mwai KIBAKI]; Forum for the Restoration of Democracy-Asili or FORD-A [Martin SHIKUKU, secretary general]; Forum for the Restoration of Democracy-Kenya or FORD-K [Michael Kijana WAMALWA]; Forum for the Restoration of Democracy-People or FORD-People [Kimaniwa NYOIKE, chairman]; Kenya African National Union or KANU [President Daniel Toroitich arap MOI] - the governing party; National Development Party or NDP [Raila ODINGA, president]; SAFINA [Farah MAALIM, chairman]; Social Democratic Party or SDP [Dr. Apollo NJONJO, secretary general and Justus NYANG'AYA, chairman] Cambodian Pracheachon Party (Cambodian People's Party) or CPP [CHEA SIM]; National United Front for an Independent, Neutral, Peaceful, and Cooperative Cambodia or FUNCINPEC [Prince NORODOM Ranariddh]; Sam Rangsi Party or SRP [SAM RANGSI]
Political pressure groups and leaders human rights groups; labor unions; Muslim organizations; National Convention Executive Council or NCEC, a proreform coalition of political parties and nongovernment organizations [Kivutha KIBWANA]; Protestant National Council of Churches of Kenya or NCCK [Mutava MUSYIMI]; Roman Catholic and other Christian churches; Supreme Council of Kenya Muslims or SUPKEM [Shaykh Abdul Gafur al-BUSAIDY, chairman] NA
Population 30,765,916

note:
estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2001 est.)
13,607,069


note: estimates for this country take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2005 est.)
Population below poverty line 42% (1992 est.) 40% (2004 est.)
Population growth rate 1.27% (2001 est.) 1.81% (2005 est.)
Ports and harbors Kisumu, Lamu, Mombasa Phnom Penh
Radio broadcast stations AM 24, FM 8, shortwave 6 (1999) AM 2, FM 17, (2003)
Radios 3.07 million (1997) -
Railways total:
2,778 km

narrow gauge:
2,778 km 1.000-m gauge

note:
the line connecting Nairobi with the port of Mombasa is the most important in the country
total: 602 km


narrow gauge: 602 km 1.000-m gauge (2004)
Religions Protestant 38%, Roman Catholic 28%, indigenous beliefs 26%, Muslim 7%, other 1%

note:
a large majority of Kenyans are Christian, but estimates for the percentage of the population that adheres to Islam or indigenous beliefs vary widely
Theravada Buddhist 95%, other 5%
Sex ratio at birth:
1.03 male(s)/female

under 15 years:
1.02 male(s)/female

15-64 years:
1.01 male(s)/female

65 years and over:
0.78 male(s)/female

total population:
1.01 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.02 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 0.92 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.57 male(s)/female


total population: 0.94 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
Suffrage 18 years of age; universal 18 years of age; universal
Telephone system general assessment:
unreliable; little attempt to modernize except for service to business

domestic:
trunks are primarily microwave radio relay; business data commonly transferred by a very small aperture terminal (VSAT) system

international:
satellite earth stations - 4 Intelsat
general assessment: adequate landline and/or cellular service in Phnom Penh and other provincial cities; mobile phone coverage is rapidly expanding in rural areas


domestic: NA


international: country code - 855; adequate but expensive landline and cellular service available to all countries from Phnom Penh and major provincial cities; satellite earth station - 1 Intersputnik (Indian Ocean region)
Telephones - main lines in use 290,000 (1998) 35,400 (2002)
Telephones - mobile cellular 5,345 (1997) 380,000 (2002)
Television broadcast stations 8 (1997) 7 (2003)
Terrain low plains rise to central highlands bisected by Great Rift Valley; fertile plateau in west mostly low, flat plains; mountains in southwest and north
Total fertility rate 3.5 children born/woman (2001 est.) 3.44 children born/woman (2005 est.)
Unemployment rate 50% (1998 est.) 2.5% (2000 est.)
Waterways NA

note:
part of the Lake Victoria system is within the boundaries of Kenya
2,400 km (mainly on Mekong River) (2004)
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