Compare Johnston Atoll (2008) - Johnston Atoll (2003)

Compare Johnston Atoll (2008) z Johnston Atoll (2003)

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	Johnston Atoll (2008)	Johnston Atoll (2003)

Airports	1 (2007)	1 (2002)
Airports - with paved runways	total: 1 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 (2007)	total: 1 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 (2002)
Area	total: 2.63 sq km land: 2.63 sq km water: 0 sq km	total: 2.8 sq km land: 2.8 sq km water: 0 sq km
Area - comparative	about 4.7 times the size of The Mall in Washington, DC	about 4.7 times the size of The Mall in Washington, DC
Background	Both the US and the Kingdom of Hawaii annexed Johnston Atoll in 1858, but it was the US that mined the guano deposits until the late 1880s. Johnston Island and Sand Island were designated wildlife refuges in 1926. The US Navy took over the atoll in 1934, and subsequently the US Air Force assumed control in 1948. The site was used for high-altitude nuclear tests in the 1950s and 1960s, and until late in 2000 the atoll was maintained as a storage and disposal site for chemical weapons. Munitions destruction is now complete. Cleanup and closure of the facility ended in May 2005.	Both the US and the Kingdom of Hawaii annexed Johnston Atoll in 1858, but it was the US that mined the guano deposits until the late 1880s. The US Navy took over the atoll in 1934, and subsequently the US Air Force assumed control in 1948. The site was used for high-altitude nuclear tests in the 1950s and 1960s, and until late in 2000 the atoll was maintained as a storage and disposal site for chemical weapons. Munitions destruction is now complete. Cleanup and closure of the facility is progressing, with completion anticipated in 2004.
Climate	tropical, but generally dry; consistent northeast trade winds with little seasonal temperature variation	tropical, but generally dry; consistent northeast trade winds with little seasonal temperature variation
Coastline	34 km	34 km
Country name	conventional long form: none conventional short form: Johnston Atoll	conventional long form: none conventional short form: Johnston Atoll
Dependency status	unincorporated territory of the US; administered from Honolulu, HI, by Pacific Air Forces, Hickam Air Force Base, and the Fish and Wildlife Service of the US Department of the Interior as part of the National Wildlife Refuge system	unincorporated territory of the US; administered from Honolulu, HI, by Pacific Air Forces, Hickam Air Force Base, and the Fish and Wildlife Service of the US Department of the Interior as part of the National Wildlife Refuge system
Disputes - international	none	none
Economy - overview	no economic activity	Economic activity is limited to providing services to US military personnel and contractors located on the island. All food and manufactured goods must be imported.
Electricity - consumption	-	2.002 million kWh; note - approximate annual consumption
Electricity - production	-	44.2 million kWh; note - approximate annual production; there are six 25,000 kWh generators operated by the base operating support contractor (1999)
Elevation extremes	lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m highest point: Summit Peak 5 m	lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m highest point: Summit Peak 5 m
Environment - current issues	no natural fresh water resources	no natural fresh water resources
Flag description	the flag of the US is used	the flag of the US is used
Geographic coordinates	16 45 N, 169 31 W	16 45 N, 169 31 W
Geography - note	strategic location in the North Pacific Ocean; Johnston Island and Sand Island are natural islands, which have been expanded by coral dredging; North Island (Akau) and East Island (Hikina) are manmade islands formed from coral dredging; the egg-shaped reef is 34 km in circumference; closed to the public; a former US nuclear weapons test site; site of now-closed Johnston Atoll Chemical Agent Disposal System (JACADS); most facilities dismantled and cleanup complete in 2004; some low-growing vegetation	strategic location in the North Pacific Ocean; Johnston Island and Sand Island are natural islands, which have been expanded by coral dredging; North Island (Akau) and East Island (Hikina) are manmade islands formed from coral dredging; the egg-shaped reef is 34 km in circumference; closed to the public; a former US nuclear weapons test site; site of Johnston Atoll Chemical Agent Disposal System (JACADS); some low-growing vegetation
Internet Service Providers (ISPs)	-	1 256 KB circuit to US Department of Defense-run Nonsecure Internet Protocol Router Network (NIPRNET) (2002)
Irrigated land	0 sq km	0 sq km (1998 est.)
Land boundaries	0 km	0 km
Land use	arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (2005)	arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (1998 est.)
Legal system	the laws of the US, where applicable, apply	the laws of the US, where applicable, apply
Location	Oceania, atoll in the North Pacific Ocean 717 nm (1328 km) southwest of Honolulu, Hawaii, about one-third of the way from Hawaii to the Marshall Islands	Oceania, atoll in the North Pacific Ocean 717 NM (1328 km) southwest of Honolulu, Hawaii, about one-third of the way from Hawaii to the Marshall Islands
Map references	Oceania	Oceania
Maritime claims	territorial sea: 12 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm	exclusive economic zone: 200 NM territorial sea: 12 NM
Military - note	defense is the responsibility of the US	defense is the responsibility of the US
Natural hazards	NA	NA
Natural resources	guano deposits worked until depletion about 1890, terrestrial and aquatic wildlife	guano deposits worked until depletion about 1890, terrestrial and aquatic wildlife
Population	uninhabited note: in previous years, there was an average of 1,100 US military and civilian contractor personnel present; as of September 2001, population had decreased significantly when US Army Chemical Activity Pacific (USACAP) departed; as of May 2005 all US government personnel had left the island	no indigenous inhabitants note: in previous years, there was an average of 1,100 US military and civilian contractor personnel present; as of September 2001, population had decreased significantly when US Army Chemical Activity Pacific (USACAP) departed; as of January 2003 the island population was just above 800 personnel, including US Air Force, US Department of Defense civilian, and civilian contractor personnel (January 2003 est.) (July 2003 est.)
Ports and harbors	-	Johnston Island
Radio broadcast stations	-	AM NA, FM 7 (1 island-run morale, welfare, and recreation station and 6 all-music digital radio stations broadcast over FM band), shortwave NA (2002)
Telephone system	-	general assessment: 33 commercial lines, 15 incoming and 18 outgoing; adequate telecommunications domestic: 60-channel submarine cable (broken in January 2002), 24 DSN circuits by satellite, Automated Digital Network (AUTODIN) with standard remote terminal, digital telephone switch, Military Affiliated Radio System (MARS) station (scheduled for decommissioning March 2003), UHF/VHF air-ground radio, a link to the Pacific Consolidated Telecommunications Network (PCTN) satellite international: NA (2002)
Television broadcast stations	-	commercial satellite television system, with 30 channels (2002)
Terrain	mostly flat	mostly flat
Waterways	-	none

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