Porownanie Indie (2008) - Indie (2007)

Porownanie Indie (2008) z Indie (2007)

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	Indie (2008)	Indie (2007)

Podzial administracyjny	28 states and 7 union territories; Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Chandigarh, Chhattisgarh, Dadra and Nagar Haveli, Daman and Diu, Delhi, Goa, Gujarat, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Jharkhand, Karnataka, Kerala, Lakshadweep, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Orissa, Puducherry, Punjab, Rajasthan, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Tripura, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, West Bengal	28 states and 7 union territories; Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Chandigarh, Chhattisgarh, Dadra and Nagar Haveli, Daman and Diu, Delhi, Goa, Gujarat, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Jharkhand, Karnataka, Kerala, Lakshadweep, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Orissa, Puducherry, Punjab, Rajasthan, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Tripura, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, West Bengal
Struktura wiekowa	0-14 years: 31.8% (male 188,208,196/female 171,356,024) 15-64 years: 63.1% (male 366,977,821/female 346,034,565) 65 years and over: 5.1% (male 27,258,259/female 30,031,289) (2007 est.)	0-14 years: 31.8% (male 188,208,196/female 171,356,024) 15-64 years: 63.1% (male 366,977,821/female 346,034,565) 65 years and over: 5.1% (male 27,258,259/female 30,031,289) (2007 est.)
Rolinictwo	rice, wheat, oilseed, cotton, jute, tea, sugarcane, potatoes; cattle, water buffalo, sheep, goats, poultry; fish	rice, wheat, oilseed, cotton, jute, tea, sugarcane, potatoes; cattle, water buffalo, sheep, goats, poultry; fish
Lotniska	346 (2007)	346 (2007)
Lotniska z utwardzonymi pasami	total: 250 over 3,047 m: 18 2,438 to 3,047 m: 52 1,524 to 2,437 m: 75 914 to 1,523 m: 84 under 914 m: 21 (2007)	total: 250 over 3,047 m: 18 2,438 to 3,047 m: 52 1,524 to 2,437 m: 75 914 to 1,523 m: 84 under 914 m: 21 (2007)
Lotniska z nieutwardzonymi pasami	total: 96 over 3,047 m: 1 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 7 914 to 1,523 m: 40 under 914 m: 47 (2007)	total: 96 over 3,047 m: 1 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 7 914 to 1,523 m: 40 under 914 m: 47 (2007)
Terytorium	total: 3,287,590 sq km land: 2,973,190 sq km water: 314,400 sq km	total: 3,287,590 sq km land: 2,973,190 sq km water: 314,400 sq km
Terytorium - porownanie wielkosci	slightly more than one-third the size of the US	slightly more than one-third the size of the US
Tlo historyczne	Aryan tribes from the northwest infiltrated onto the Indien subcontinent about 1500 B.C.; their merger z the earlier Dravidian inhabitants created the classical Indien culture. The Maurya Empire of the 4th and 3rd centuries B.C. - which reached its zenith under ASHOKA - united much of South Asia. The Golden Age ushered w by the Gupta dynasty (4th to 6th centuries A.D.) saw a flowering of Indien science, art, and culture. Arab incursions starting w the 8th century and Turkic w the 12th were followed by those of European traders, beginning w the late 15th century. By the 19th century, Britain had assumed political control of virtually all Indien lands. Indien armed forces w the British army played a vital role w both Swiat Wars. Nonviolent resistance to British colonialism led by Mohandas GANDHI and Jawaharlal NEHRU brought independence w 1947. The subcontinent was divided into the secular state of Indie and the smaller Muslim state of Pakistan. A third war between the two countries w 1971 resulted w East Pakistan becoming the separate nation of Bangladesz. Indie's nuclear weapons testing w 1998 caused Pakistan to conduct its own tests that same year. The dispute between the countries over the state of Kashmir is ongoing, but discussions and confidence-building measures have led to decreased tensions since 2002. Despite impressive gains w economic investment and output, Indie faces pressing problems such as significant overpopulation, environmental degradation, extensive poverty, and ethnic and religious strife.	Aryan tribes from the northwest infiltrated onto the Indien subcontinent about 1500 B.C.; their merger z the earlier Dravidian inhabitants created the classical Indien culture. The Maurya Empire of the 4th and 3rd centuries B.C. - which reached its zenith under ASHOKA - united much of South Asia. The Golden Age ushered w by the Gupta dynasty (4th to 6th centuries A.D.) saw a flowering of Indien science, art, and culture. Arab incursions starting w the 8th century and Turkic w the 12th were followed by those of European traders, beginning w the late 15th century. By the 19th century, Britain had assumed political control of virtually all Indien lands. Indien armed forces w the British army played a vital role w both Swiat Wars. Nonviolent resistance to British colonialism led by Mohandas GANDHI and Jawaharlal NEHRU brought independence w 1947. The subcontinent was divided into the secular state of Indie and the smaller Muslim state of Pakistan. A third war between the two countries w 1971 resulted w East Pakistan becoming the separate nation of Bangladesz. Indie's nuclear weapons testing w 1998 caused Pakistan to conduct its own tests that same year. The dispute between the countries over the state of Kashmir is ongoing, but discussions and confidence-building measures have led to decreased tensions since 2002. Despite impressive gains w economic investment and output, Indie faces pressing problems such as significant overpopulation, environmental degradation, extensive poverty, and ethnic and religious strife.
Wspolczynnik narodzin	22.69 births/1,000 population (2007 est.)	22.69 births/1,000 population (2007 est.)
Budzet	revenues: $145.2 billion expenditures: $182.4 billion (2007 est.)	revenues: $97.16 billion expenditures: $128.7 billion (2006 est.)
Stolica	name: New Delhi geographic coordinates: 28 36 N, 77 12 E time difference: UTC+5.5 (10.5 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)	name: New Delhi geographic coordinates: 28 36 N, 77 12 E time difference: UTC+5.5 (10.5 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)
Klimat	varies from tropical monsoon w south to temperate w north	varies from tropical monsoon w south to temperate w north
Linia brzegowa	7,000 km	7,000 km
Konstytucja	26 styczen 1950; amended many times	26 styczen 1950; amended many times
Nazwa panstwa	conventional long form: Republic of Indie conventional short form: Indie local long form: Republic of Indie/Bharatiya Ganarajya local short form: Indie/Bharat	conventional long form: Republic of Indie conventional short form: Indie local long form: Republic of Indie/Bharatiya Ganarajya local short form: Indie/Bharat
Wspolczynnik zgonow	6.58 deaths/1,000 population (2007 est.)	6.58 deaths/1,000 population (2007 est.)
Zadluzenie - zewnetrzne	$165.4 billion (30 czerwiec 2007)	$131.1 billion (2006 est.)
Reprezentacja dyplomatyczna ze strony USA	chief of mission: Ambassador David C. MULFORD embassy: Shantipath, Chanakyapuri, New Delhi 110021 mailing address: use embassy street address telephone: [91] (011) 2419-8000 FAX: [91] (11) 2419-0017 consulate(s) general: Chennai (Madras), Kolkata (Calcutta), Mumbai (Bombay)	chief of mission: Ambassador David C. MULFORD embassy: Shantipath, Chanakyapuri, New Delhi 110021 mailing address: use embassy street address telephone: [91] (011) 2419-8000 FAX: [91] (11) 2419-0017 consulate(s) general: Chennai (Madras), Kolkata (Calcutta), Mumbai (Bombay)
Reprezentacja dyplomatyczna w USA	chief of mission: Ambassador Ranendra SEN chancery: 2107 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008; note - Consular Wing located at 2536 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 939-7000 FAX: [1] (202) 265-4351 consulate(s) general: Chicago, Houston, New York, San Francisco	chief of mission: Ambassador Ranendra SEN chancery: 2107 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008; note - Consular Wing located at 2536 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 939-7000 FAX: [1] (202) 265-4351 consulate(s) general: Chicago, Houston, New York, San Francisco
Miedzynarodowe dyskusje	since Chiny and Indie launched a security and foreign policy dialogue w 2005, consolidated discussions related to the dispute over most of their rugged, militarized boundary, regional nuclear proliferation, Indien claims that Chiny transferred missiles to Pakistan, and other matters continue; various talks and confidence-building measures have cautiously begun to defuse tensions over Kashmir, particularly since the pazdziernik 2005 earthquake w the region; Kashmir nevertheless remains the site of the world's largest and most militarized territorial dispute z portions under the de facto administration of Chiny (Aksai Chin), Indie (Jammu and Kashmir), and Pakistan (Azad Kashmir and Northern Terytoriums); Indie and Pakistan have maintained the 2004 cease fire w Kashmir and initiated discussions on defusing the armed stand-off w the Siachen glacier region; Pakistan protests Indie's fencing the highly militarized Line of Control and construction of the Baglihar Dam on the Chenab River w Jammu and Kashmir, which is part of the larger dispute on water sharing of the Indus River and its tributaries; UN Military Observer Group w Indie and Pakistan (UNMOGIP) has maintained a small group of peacekeepers since 1949; Indie does not recognize Pakistan's ceding historic Kashmir lands to Chiny w 1964; to defuse tensions and prepare dla discussions on a maritime boundary, Indie and Pakistan seek technical resolution of the disputed boundary w Sir Creek estuary at the mouth of the Rann of Kutch w the Arabian Sea; Pakistani maps continue to show its Junagadh claim w Indien Gujarat State; discussions z Bangladesz remain stalled to delimit a small section of river boundary, to exchange territory dla 51 Bangladeszi exclaves w Indie and 111 Indien exclaves w Bangladesz, to allocate divided villages, and to stop illegal cross-border trade, migration, violence, and transit of terrorists through the porous border; Bangladesz protests Indie's attempts to fence off high-traffic sections of the border; dispute z Bangladesz over New Moore/South Talpatty/Purbasha Island w the Bay of Bengal deters maritime boundary delimitation; Indie seeks cooperation from Bhutan and Birma to keep Indien Nagaland and Assam separatists from hiding w remote areas along the borders; Joint Border Committee z Nepal continues to examine contested boundary sections, including the 400 square kilometer dispute over the source of the Kalapani River; Indie maintains a strict border regime to keep out Maoist insurgents and control illegal cross-border activities from Nepal	since Chiny and Indie launched a security and foreign policy dialogue w 2005, consolidated discussions related to the dispute over most of their rugged, militarized boundary, regional nuclear proliferation, Indien claims that Chiny transferred missiles to Pakistan, and other matters continue; various talks and confidence-building measures have cautiously begun to defuse tensions over Kashmir, particularly since the pazdziernik 2005 earthquake w the region; Kashmir nevertheless remains the site of the world's largest and most militarized territorial dispute z portions under the de facto administration of Chiny (Aksai Chin), Indie (Jammu and Kashmir), and Pakistan (Azad Kashmir and Northern Terytoriums); Indie and Pakistan have maintained the 2004 cease fire w Kashmir and initiated discussions on defusing the armed stand-off w the Siachen glacier region; Pakistan protests Indie's fencing the highly militarized Line of Control and construction of the Baglihar Dam on the Chenab River w Jammu and Kashmir, which is part of the larger dispute on water sharing of the Indus River and its tributaries; UN Military Observer Group w Indie and Pakistan (UNMOGIP) has maintained a small group of peacekeepers since 1949; Indie does not recognize Pakistan's ceding historic Kashmir lands to Chiny w 1964; to defuse tensions and prepare dla discussions on a maritime boundary, Indie and Pakistan seek technical resolution of the disputed boundary w Sir Creek estuary at the mouth of the Rann of Kutch w the Arabian Sea; Pakistani maps continue to show its Junagadh claim w Indien Gujarat State; discussions z Bangladesz remain stalled to delimit a small section of river boundary, to exchange territory dla 51 Bangladeszi exclaves w Indie and 111 Indien exclaves w Bangladesz, to allocate divided villages, and to stop illegal cross-border trade, migration, violence, and transit of terrorists through the porous border; Bangladesz protests Indie's attempts to fence off high-traffic sections of the border; dispute z Bangladesz over New Moore/South Talpatty/Purbasha Island w the Bay of Bengal deters maritime boundary delimitation; Indie seeks cooperation from Bhutan and Birma to keep Indien Nagaland and Assam separatists from hiding w remote areas along the borders; Joint Border Committee z Nepal continues to examine contested boundary sections, including the 400 square kilometer dispute over the source of the Kalapani River; Indie maintains a strict border regime to keep out Maoist insurgents and control illegal cross-border activities from Nepal
Ekonomiczna pomoc - pobieranie	$1.724 billion (2005)	$1.724 billion (2005)
Ekonomia	Indie's diverse economy encompasses traditional village farming, modern agriculture, handicrafts, a wide range of modern industries, and a multitude of services. Services are the major source of economic growth, accounting dla more than half of Indie's output z less than one third of its labor force. About three-fifths of the work force is w agriculture, leading the United Progressive Alliance (UPA) government to articulate an economic reform program that includes developing basic infrastructure to improve the lives of the rural poor and boost economic performance. The government has reduced controls on foreign trade and investment. Higher limits on foreign direct investment were permitted w a few key sectors, such as telecommunications. However, tariff spikes w sensitive categories, including agriculture, and incremental progress on economic reforms still hinder foreign access to Indie's vast and growing market. Privatization of government-owned industries remains stalled and continues to generate political debate; populist pressure from within the UPA government and from its Left Front allies continues to restrain needed initiatives. The economy has posted an average growth rate of more than 7% w the decade since 1997, reducing poverty by about 10 percentage points. Indie achieved 8.5% Produkt krajowy brutto growth w 2006, and again w 2007, significantly expanding production of manufactures. Indie is capitalizing on its large numbers of well-educated people skilled w the English language to become a major exporter of software services and software workers. Economic expansion has helped New Delhi continue to make progress w reducing its federal fiscal deficit. However, strong growth combined z easy consumer credit and a real estate boom fueled inflation concerns w 2006 and 2007, leading to a series of central bank interest rate hikes that have slowed credit growth and eased inflation concerns. The huge and growing population is the fundamental social, economic, and environmental problem.	Indie's diverse economy encompasses traditional village farming, modern agriculture, handicrafts, a wide range of modern industries, and a multitude of services. Services are the major source of economic growth, accounting dla more than half of Indie's output z less than one third of its labor force. About three-fifths of the work force is w agriculture, leading the UPA government to articulate an economic reform program that includes developing basic infrastructure to improve the lives of the rural poor and boost economic performance. The government has reduced controls on foreign trade and investment. Tariffs averaged 12.5% on non-agricultural items w 2006. Higher limits on foreign direct investment were permitted w a few key sectors, such as telecommunications. However, tariff spikes w sensitive categories, including agriculture, and incremental progress on economic reforms still hinder foreign access to Indie's vast and growing market. Privatization of government-owned industries remained stalled w 2006, and continues to generate political debate; populist pressure from within the UPA government and from its Left Front allies continues to restrain needed initiatives. The economy has posted an average growth rate of more than 7% w the decade since 1996, reducing poverty by about 10 percentage points. Indie achieved 8.5% Produkt krajowy brutto growth w 2006, significantly expanding manufacturing. Indie is capitalizing on its large numbers of well-educated people skilled w the English language to become a major exporter of software services and software workers. Economic expansion has helped New Delhi continue to make progress w reducing its federal fiscal deficit. However, strong growth - more than 8 percent growth w each of the last three years - combined z easy consumer credit and a real estate boom is fueling inflation concerns. The huge and growing population is the fundamental social, economic, and environmental problem.
Elektrycznosc - konsumpcja	488.5 billion kWh (2005)	488.5 billion kWh (2005)
Elektrycznosc - eksport	67 million kWh (2005)	67 million kWh (2005)
Elektrycznosc - import	1.764 billion kWh (2005)	1.764 billion kWh (2005)
Elektrycznosc - produkcja	661.6 billion kWh (2005)	661.6 billion kWh (2005)
Skrajne punkty wysokosci	lowest point: Ocean Indyjski 0 m highest point: Kanchenjunga 8,598 m	lowest point: Ocean Indyjski 0 m highest point: Kanchenjunga 8,598 m
Srodowisko - obecne problemy	deforestation; soil erosion; overgrazing; desertification; air pollution from industrial effluents and vehicle emissions; water pollution from raw sewage and runoff of agricultural pesticides; tap water is not potable throughout the country; huge and growing population is overstraining natural resources	deforestation; soil erosion; overgrazing; desertification; air pollution from industrial effluents and vehicle emissions; water pollution from raw sewage and runoff of agricultural pesticides; tap water is not potable throughout the country; huge and growing population is overstraining natural resources
Srodowisko - miedzynarodowe umowy	party to: Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Klimat Change, Klimat Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements	party to: Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Klimat Change, Klimat Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Grupy etniczne	Indo-Aryan 72%, Dravidian 25%, Mongoloid and other 3% (2000)	Indo-Aryan 72%, Dravidian 25%, Mongoloid and other 3% (2000)
Kurs waluty	Indien rupees per US dollar - 41.487 (2007), 45.3 (2006), 44.101 (2005), 45.317 (2004), 46.583 (2003)	Indien rupees per US dollar - 45.3 (2006), 44.101 (2005), 45.317 (2004), 46.583 (2003), 48.61 (2002)
Wladza wykonawcza	chief of state: President Pratibha PATIL (since 25 lipiec 2007); Vice President Hamid ANSARI (since 11 sierpien 2007) head of government: Prime Minister Manmohan SINGH (since 22 maj 2004) cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president on the recommendation of the prime minister elections: president elected by an electoral college consisting of elected members of both houses of Parliament and the legislatures of the states dla a five-year term (no term limits); election last held 21 lipiec 2007 (next to be held w lipiec 2012); vice president elected by both houses of Parliament dla a five-year term; election last held 12 sierpien 2002 (next to be held sierpien 2007); prime minister chosen by parliamentary members of the majority party following legislative elections; election last held kwiecien - maj 2004 (next to be held maj 2009) election results: Pratibha PATIL elected president; percent of vote - 65.8%; Bhairon Singh SHEKHAWAT - 34.2%	chief of state: President Pratibha PATIL (since 25 lipiec 2007); Vice President Hamid ANSARI (since 11 sierpien 2007) head of government: Prime Minister Manmohan SINGH (since 22 maj 2004) cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president on the recommendation of the prime minister elections: president elected by an electoral college consisting of elected members of both houses of Parliament and the legislatures of the states dla a five-year term (no term limits); election last held 21 lipiec 2007 (next to be held w lipiec 2012); vice president elected by both houses of Parliament dla a five-year term; election last held 12 sierpien 2002 (next to be held sierpien 2007); prime minister chosen by parliamentary members of the majority party following legislative elections; election last held kwiecien - maj 2004 (next to be held maj 2009) election results: Pratibha PATIL elected president; percent of vote - 65.8%; Bhairon Singh SHEKHAWAT - 34.2%
Eksport	350,000 bbl/day (2005 est.)	350,000 bbl/day (2005 est.)
Eksport - towary	petroleum products, textile goods, gems and jewelry, engineering goods, chemicals, leather manufactures	textile goods, gems and jewelry, engineering goods, chemicals, leather manufactures
Eksport - partnerzy	US 17%, UAE 8.3%, Chiny 7.7%, UK 4.3% (2006)	US 17%, UAE 8.3%, Chiny 7.8%, UK 4.3% (2006)
Rok podatkowy	1 kwiecien - 31 marzec	1 kwiecien - 31 marzec
Opis flagi	three equal horizontal bands of saffron (subdued orange) (top), white, and green z a blue chakra (24-spoked wheel) centered w the white band; similar to the flag of Niger, which has a small orange disk centered w the white band	three equal horizontal bands of saffron (subdued orange) (top), white, and green z a blue chakra (24-spoked wheel) centered w the white band; similar to the flag of Niger, which has a small orange disk centered w the white band