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Compare Iceland (2004) - Uruguay (2001)

Compare Iceland (2004) z Uruguay (2001)

 Iceland (2004)Uruguay (2001)
 IcelandUruguay
Administrative divisions 8 regions; Austurland, Hofudhborgarsvaedhi, Nordhurland Eystra, Nordhurland Vestra, Sudhurland, Sudhurnes, Vestfirdhir, Vesturland 19 departments (departamentos, singular - departamento); Artigas, Canelones, Cerro Largo, Colonia, Durazno, Flores, Florida, Lavalleja, Maldonado, Montevideo, Paysandu, Rio Negro, Rivera, Rocha, Salto, San Jose, Soriano, Tacuarembo, Treinta y Tres
Age structure 0-14 years: 22.5% (male 33,522; female 32,489)


15-64 years: 65.8% (male 98,091; female 95,450)


65 years and over: 11.7% (male 15,552; female 18,862) (2004 est.)
0-14 years:
24.39% (male 419,932; female 399,605)

15-64 years:
62.61% (male 1,038,785; female 1,064,891)

65 years and over:
13% (male 180,130; female 256,762) (2001 est.)
Agriculture - products potatoes, green vegetables, mutton, dairy products, fish wheat, rice, barley, corn, sorghum; livestock; fish
Airports 100 (2003 est.) 64 (2000 est.)
Airports - with paved runways total: 5


over 3,047 m: 1


1,524 to 2,437 m: 3


914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2004 est.)
total:
15

2,438 to 3,047 m:
1

1,524 to 2,437 m:
5

914 to 1,523 m:
8

under 914 m:
1 (2000 est.)
Airports - with unpaved runways total: 93


1,524 to 2,437 m: 3


914 to 1,523 m: 29


under 914 m: 61 (2004 est.)
total:
49

1,524 to 2,437 m:
2

914 to 1,523 m:
16

under 914 m:
31 (2000 est.)
Area total: 103,000 sq km


land: 100,250 sq km


water: 2,750 sq km
total:
176,220 sq km

land:
173,620 sq km

water:
2,600 sq km
Area - comparative slightly smaller than Kentucky slightly smaller than the state of Washington
Background Settled by Norwegian and Celtic (Scottish and Irish) immigrants during the late 9th and 10th centuries A.D., Iceland boasts the world's oldest functioning legislative assembly, the Althing, established in 930. Independent for over 300 years, Iceland was subsequently ruled by Norway and Denmark. Fallout from the Askja volcano of 1875 devastated the Icelandic economy and caused widespread famine. Over the next quarter century, 20% of the island's population emigrated, mostly to Canada and the US. Limited home rule from Denmark was granted in 1874 and complete independence attained in 1944. Literacy, longevity, income, and social cohesion are first-rate by world standards. A violent Marxist urban guerrilla movement, the Tupamaros, launched in the late 1960s, led Uruguay's president to agree to military control of his administration in 1973. By the end of the year the rebels had been crushed, but the military continued to expand its hold throughout the government. Civilian rule was not restored until 1985. Uruguay's political and labor conditions are among the freest on the continent.
Birth rate 13.83 births/1,000 population (2004 est.) 17.36 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Budget revenues: $4.205 billion


expenditures: $4.405 billion, including capital expenditures of $467 million (2003)
revenues:
$4 billion

expenditures:
$4.6 billion, including capital expenditures of $500 million (2000 est.)
Capital Reykjavik Montevideo
Climate temperate; moderated by North Atlantic Current; mild, windy winters; damp, cool summers warm temperate; freezing temperatures almost unknown
Coastline 4,988 km 660 km
Constitution 16 June 1944, effective 17 June 1944 27 November 1966, effective February 1967, suspended 27 June 1973, new constitution rejected by referendum 30 November 1980; two constitutional reforms approved by plebiscite 26 November 1989 and 7 January 1997
Country name conventional long form: Republic of Iceland


conventional short form: Iceland


local long form: Lydhveldidh Island


local short form: Island
conventional long form:
Oriental Republic of Uruguay

conventional short form:
Uruguay

local long form:
Republica Oriental del Uruguay

local short form:
Uruguay

former:
Banda Oriental, Cisplatine Province
Currency Icelandic krona (ISK) Uruguayan peso (UYU)
Death rate 6.57 deaths/1,000 population (2004 est.) 9.03 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Debt - external $2.6 billion (1999) $8 billion (2000 est.)
Diplomatic representation from the US chief of mission: Ambassador James I. GADSDEN


embassy: Laufasvegur 21, 101 Reykjavik


mailing address: US Embassy, PSC 1003, Box 40, FPO AE 09728-0340


telephone: [354] 562-9100


FAX: [354] 562-9118
chief of mission:
Ambassador Christopher C. ASHBY

embassy:
Lauro Muller 1776, Montevideo 11100

mailing address:
APO AA 34035

telephone:
[598] (2) 408-777, 203-6061

FAX:
[598] (2) 48 86 11
Diplomatic representation in the US chief of mission: Ambassador Helgi AGUSTSSON


chancery: Suite 1200, 1156 15th Street NW, Washington, DC 20005-1704


telephone: [1] (202) 265-6653


FAX: [1] (202) 265-6656


consulate(s) general: New York
chief of mission:
Ambassador Hugo FERNANDEZ Faingold

chancery:
2715 M Street, NW, Washington, DC 20007

telephone:
[1] (202) 331-1313 through 1316

FAX:
[1] (202) 331-8142

consulate(s) general:
Chicago, Los Angeles, Miami, and New York
Disputes - international Rockall continental shelf dispute involving Denmark, Iceland, and the UK (Ireland and the UK have signed a boundary agreement in the Rockall area) remains dormant; dispute with Denmark over the Faroe Islands' fisheries median line boundary within 200 nm; disputes with Denmark, the UK, and Ireland over the Faroe Islands continental shelf boundary outside 200 nm none
Economic aid - donor NA -
Economic aid - recipient - $NA
Economy - overview Iceland's Scandinavian-type economy is basically capitalistic, yet with an extensive welfare system (including generous housing subsidies), low unemployment, and remarkably even distribution of income. In the absence of other natural resources (except for abundant geothermal power), the economy depends heavily on the fishing industry, which provides 70% of export earnings and employs 12% of the work force. The economy remains sensitive to declining fish stocks as well as to fluctuations in world prices for its main exports: fish and fish products, aluminum, and ferrosilicon. Government policies include reducing the budget and current account deficits, limiting foreign borrowing, containing inflation, revising agricultural and fishing policies, diversifying the economy, and privatizing state-owned industries. The government remains opposed to EU membership, primarily because of Icelanders' concern about losing control over their fishing resources. Iceland's economy has been diversifying into manufacturing and service industries in the last decade, and new developments in software production, biotechnology, and financial services are taking place. The tourism sector is also expanding, with the recent trends in ecotourism and whale watching. Growth had been remarkably steady in 1996-2001 at 3%-5%, but could not be sustained in 2002 in an environment of global recession. Growth resumed in 2003, and inflation dropped back from 5% to 2%. Uruguay's economy is characterized by an export-oriented agricultural sector, a well-educated workforce, relatively even income distribution, and high levels of social spending. After averaging growth of 5% annually in 1996-98, in 1999-2000 the economy suffered from lower demand in Argentina and Brazil, which together account for about half of Uruguay's exports. Despite the severity of the trade shocks, Uruguay's financial indicators remained more stable than those of its neighbors, a reflection of its solid reputation among investors and its investment-grade sovereign bond rating - one of only two in Latin America. Challenges for the government of President Jorge BATLLE include expanding Uruguay's trade ties beyond its MERCOSUR trade partners and reducing the costs of public services. GDP fell by 1.1% in 2000 and will grow by perhaps 1.5% in 2001.
Electricity - consumption 7.341 billion kWh (2001) 5.89 billion kWh (1999)
Electricity - exports 0 kWh (2001) 215 million kWh (1999)
Electricity - imports 0 kWh (2001) 800 million kWh (1999)
Electricity - production 7.894 billion kWh (2001) 5.704 billion kWh (1999)
Electricity - production by source - fossil fuel:
3.86%

hydro:
95.44%

nuclear:
0%

other:
0.7% (1999)
Elevation extremes lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m


highest point: Hvannadalshnukur 2,119 m (at Vatnajokull glacier)
lowest point:
Atlantic Ocean 0 m

highest point:
Cerro Catedral 514 m
Environment - current issues water pollution from fertilizer runoff; inadequate wastewater treatment water pollution from meat packing/tannery industry; inadequate solid/hazardous waste disposal
Environment - international agreements party to: Air Pollution, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Kyoto Protocol, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Transboundary Air Pollution, Wetlands


signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Environmental Modification, Marine Life Conservation
party to:
Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands

signed, but not ratified:
Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban
Ethnic groups homogeneous mixture of descendants of Norse and Celts 94%, population of foreign origin 6% white 88%, mestizo 8%, black 4%, Amerindian, practically nonexistent
Exchange rates Icelandic kronur per US dollar - 76.709 (2003), 91.6617 (2002), 97.4246 (2001), 78.6159 (2000), 72.3353 (1999) Uruguayan pesos per US dollar - 12.5610 (January 2001), 12.0996 (2000), 11.3393 (1999), 10.4719 (1998), 9.4418 (1997), 7.9718 (1996)
Executive branch chief of state: President Olafur Ragnar GRIMSSON (since 1 August 1996)


head of government: Prime Minister Halldor ASGRIMSSON (since 15 September 2004); note - Former Prime Minister David ODDSSON switched positions with former Foreign Minister Halldor ASGRIMMSON


cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the prime minister and approved by Parliament


elections: president, which is largely a ceremonial post, elected by popular vote for a four-year term; election last held 26 June 2004 (next to be held June 2008); prime minister appointed by the president


election results: Olafur Ragnar GRIMSSON wins with 85.6% of the vote, Baldur AGUSTSSON 12.5%, Astthor MAGNUSSON 1.9%
chief of state:
President Jorge BATLLE (since 1 March 2000) and Vice President Luis HIERRO (since 1 March 2000); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government

head of government:
President Jorge BATLLE (since 1 March 2000) and Vice President Luis HIERRO (since 1 March 2000); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government

cabinet:
Council of Ministers appointed by the president with parliamentary approval

elections:
president and vice president elected on the same ticket by popular vote for five-year terms; election last held 31 October 1999 with run-off election on 28 November 1999 (next to be held NA 2004)

election results:
Jorge BATLLE elected president; percent of vote - Jorge BATLLE 52% in a runoff against Tabare VAZQUEZ 44%
Exports 0 bbl/day (2001) $2.6 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)
Exports - commodities fish and fish products 70%, animal products, aluminum, diatomite, ferrosilicon meat, rice, leather products, vehicles, dairy products, wool, electricity
Exports - partners Germany 17.4%, UK 17.4%, Netherlands 11.2%, US 9.8%, Spain 6.3%, Denmark 5%, Norway 4.5%, France 4% (2003) MERCOSUR partners 45%, EU 20%, US 7% (1999 est.)
Fiscal year calendar year calendar year
Flag description blue with a red cross outlined in white extending to the edges of the flag; the vertical part of the cross is shifted to the hoist side in the style of the Dannebrog (Danish flag) nine equal horizontal stripes of white (top and bottom) alternating with blue; there is a white square in the upper hoist-side corner with a yellow sun bearing a human face known as the Sun of May and 16 rays alternately triangular and wavy
GDP purchasing power parity - $8.678 billion (2003 est.) purchasing power parity - $31 billion (2000 est.)
GDP - composition by sector agriculture: 9.2% (includes fishing 12%)


industry: 26.7%


services: 64.2% (2003 est.)
agriculture:
10%

industry:
28%

services:
62% (1999)
GDP - per capita purchasing power parity - $30,900 (2003 est.) purchasing power parity - $9,300 (2000 est.)
GDP - real growth rate 2.6% (2003 est.) -1.1% (2000 est.)
Geographic coordinates 65 00 N, 18 00 W 33 00 S, 56 00 W
Geography - note strategic location between Greenland and Europe; westernmost European country; Reykjavik is the northernmost national capital in the world; more land covered by glaciers than in all of continental Europe -
Highways total: 12,955 km


paved/oiled gravel: 3,863 km


unpaved: 9,092 km (2003)
total:
8,983 km

paved:
8,085 km

unpaved:
898 km (1999)
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%: NA


highest 10%: NA
lowest 10%:
NA%

highest 10%:
NA%
Imports 15,470 bbl/day (2001) $3.4 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)
Imports - commodities machinery and equipment, petroleum products; foodstuffs, textiles road vehicles, electrical machinery, metal manufactures, heavy industrial machinery, crude petroleum
Imports - partners Germany 11.8%, Denmark 8%, US 7.5%, UK 7.5%, Norway 7%, Sweden 6.5%, Netherlands 6.2%, Italy 4.7% (2003) MERCOSUR partners 43%, EU 20%, US 11% (1999 est.)
Independence 1 December 1918 (became a sovereign state under the Danish Crown); 17 June 1944 (from Denmark) 25 August 1825 (from Brazil)
Industrial production growth rate 8.1% (2003 est.) -2.1% (2000 est.)
Industries fish processing; aluminum smelting, ferrosilicon production, geothermal power; tourism food processing, electrical machinery, transportation equipment, petroleum products, textiles, chemicals, beverages
Infant mortality rate total: 3.31 deaths/1,000 live births


male: 3.44 deaths/1,000 live births


female: 3.17 deaths/1,000 live births (2004 est.)
14.7 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2.1% (2003 est.) 4.8% (2000 est.)
International organization participation Australia Group, BIS, CBSS, CE, EAPC, EBRD, EFTA, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, ISO, ITU, MIGA, NATO, NC, NEA, NIB, OECD, OPCW, OSCE, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UPU, WCO, WEU (associate), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO CCC, ECLAC, FAO, G-11, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICRM, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, LAES, LAIA, Mercosur, MINURSO, MONUC, NAM (observer), OAS, OPANAL, OPCW, PCA, RG, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNIKOM, UNMEE, UNMOGIP, UNMOT, UNOMIG, UNTAET, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) - 7 (2000)
Irrigated land NA sq km 7,700 sq km (1997 est.)
Judicial branch Supreme Court or Haestirettur (justices are appointed for life by the Minister of Justice); eight district courts (justices are appointed for life by the Minister of Justice) Supreme Court (judges are nominated by the president and elected for 10-year terms by the General Assembly)
Labor force 160,000 (2003) 1.5 million (1999 est.)
Labor force - by occupation agriculture 5.1%, fishing and fish processing 11.8%, manufacturing 12.9%, construction 10.7%, services 59.5% (1999) agriculture NA%, industry NA%, services NA%
Land boundaries 0 km total:
1,564 km

border countries:
Argentina 579 km, Brazil 985 km
Land use arable land: 0.07%


permanent crops: 0%


other: 99.93% (2001)
arable land:
7%

permanent crops:
0%

permanent pastures:
77%

forests and woodland:
6%

other:
10% (1997 est.)
Languages Icelandic, English, Nordic languages, German widely spoken Spanish, Portunol, or Brazilero (Portuguese-Spanish mix on the Brazilian frontier)
Legal system civil law system based on Danish law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction based on Spanish civil law system; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Legislative branch unicameral Parliament or Althing (63 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms)


elections: last held 10 May 2003 (next to be held by May 2007)


election results: percent of vote by party - Independence Party 33.7%, Social Democratic Alliance 31.0%, Progressive Party 17.7%, Left-Green Alliance 8.8%, Liberal Party 7.4%; seats by party - Independence Party 22, Social Democratic Alliance 20, Progressive Party 12, Left-Green Alliance 5, Liberal Party 4
bicameral General Assembly or Asamblea General consists of Chamber of Senators or Camara de Senadores (30 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms) and Chamber of Representatives or Camara de Representantes (99 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)

elections:
Chamber of Senators - last held 31 October 1999 (next to be held NA 2004); Chamber of Representatives - last held 31 October 1999 (next to be held NA 2004)

election results:
Chamber of Senators - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - Encuentro Progresista 12, Colorado Party 10, Blanco 7, New Sector/Space Coalition 1; Chamber of Representatives - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - Encuentro Progresista 40, Colorado Party 33, Blanco 22, New Sector/Space Coalition 4
Life expectancy at birth total population: 80.18 years


male: 78.18 years


female: 82.27 years (2004 est.)
total population:
75.44 years

male:
72.11 years

female:
78.96 years (2001 est.)
Literacy definition: age 15 and over can read and write


total population: 99.9% (1997 est.)


male: NA


female: NA
definition:
age 15 and over can read and write

total population:
97.3%

male:
96.9%

female:
97.7% (1995 est.)
Location Northern Europe, island between the Greenland Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, northwest of the UK Southern South America, bordering the South Atlantic Ocean, between Argentina and Brazil
Map references Arctic Region South America
Maritime claims territorial sea: 12 nm


exclusive economic zone: 200 nm


continental shelf: 200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin
contiguous zone:
24 NM

continental shelf:
200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation

exclusive economic zone:
200 NM

territorial sea:
12 NM
Merchant marine total: 1 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 4,341 GRT/6,019 DWT


by type: petroleum tanker 1


registered in other countries: 26 (2004 est.)
total:
2 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 7,752 GRT/5,228 DWT

ships by type:
petroleum tanker 1, roll on/roll off 1 (2000 est.)
Military - note defense is provided by the US-manned Icelandic Defense Force (IDF) headquartered at Keflavik -
Military branches no regular armed forces; Police, Coast Guard Army, Navy (includes Naval Air Arm, Coast Guard, Marines), Air Force, Police (Coracero Guard, Grenadier Guard)
Military expenditures - dollar figure 0 $172 million (FY98)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP - 0.9% (FY98)
Military manpower - availability males age 15-49: 75,568 (2004 est.) males age 15-49:
817,535 (2001 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service males age 15-49: 66,503 (2004 est.) males age 15-49:
661,777 (2001 est.)
National holiday Independence Day, 17 June (1944) Independence Day, 25 August (1825)
Nationality noun: Icelander(s)


adjective: Icelandic
noun:
Uruguayan(s)

adjective:
Uruguayan
Natural hazards earthquakes and volcanic activity seasonally high winds (the pampero is a chilly and occasional violent wind which blows north from the Argentine pampas), droughts, floods; because of the absence of mountains, which act as weather barriers, all locations are particularly vulnerable to rapid changes in weather fronts
Natural resources fish, hydropower, geothermal power, diatomite arable land, hydropower, minor minerals, fisheries
Net migration rate 2.38 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2004 est.) -0.51 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Political parties and leaders Independence Party or IP [David ODDSSON]; Left-Green Alliance or LGP [Steingrimur SIGFUSSON]; Liberal Party or LP [Gudjon KRISTJANSSON]; Progressive Party or PP [Halldor ASGRIMSSON]; Social Democratic Alliance (includes People's Alliance or PA, Social Democratic Party or SDP, Women's List) or SDA [Ossur SKARPHEDINSSON] Colorado Party [Jorge BATLLE]; National Party or Blanco [Alberto VOLONTE]; New Sector/Space Coalition or Nuevo Espacio [Rafael MICHELINI]; Progressive Encounter in the Broad Front or Encuentro Progresista [Tabare VAZQUEZ]
Political pressure groups and leaders NA NA
Population 293,966 (July 2004 est.) 3,360,105 (July 2001 est.)
Population below poverty line NA NA%
Population growth rate 0.97% (2004 est.) 0.78% (2001 est.)
Ports and harbors Akureyri, Hornafjordhur, Isafjordhur, Keflavik, Raufarhofn, Reykjavik, Seydhisfjordhur, Straumsvik, Vesttmannaeyjar Fray Bentos, Montevideo, Nueva Palmira, Paysandu, Punta del Este, Colonia, Piriapolis
Radio broadcast stations AM 3, FM about 70 (including repeaters), shortwave 1 (1998) AM 94, FM 115, shortwave 14 (seven are inactive) (1998)
Radios - 1.97 million (1997)
Railways - total:
2,073 km

standard gauge:
2,073 km 1.435-m gauge (2000)
Religions Evangelical Lutheran 87.1%, other Protestant 4.1%, Roman Catholic 1.7%, other 7.1% (2002) Roman Catholic 66% (less than one-half of the adult population attends church regularly), Protestant 2%, Jewish 1%, nonprofessing or other 31%
Sex ratio at birth: 1.04 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.03 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 1.03 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.83 male(s)/female


total population: 1 male(s)/female (2004 est.)
at birth:
1.06 male(s)/female

under 15 years:
1.05 male(s)/female

15-64 years:
0.98 male(s)/female

65 years and over:
0.7 male(s)/female

total population:
0.95 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
Suffrage 18 years of age; universal 18 years of age; universal and compulsory
Telephone system general assessment: extensive domestic service


domestic: the trunk network consists of coaxial and fiber-optic cables and microwave radio relay links


international: country code - 354; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean), 1 Inmarsat (Atlantic and Indian Ocean regions); note - Iceland shares the Inmarsat earth station with the other Nordic countries (Denmark, Finland, Norway, and Sweden)
general assessment:
some modern facilities

domestic:
most modern facilities concentrated in Montevideo; new nationwide microwave radio relay network

international:
satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)
Telephones - main lines in use 190,700 (2003) 850,000 (2000)
Telephones - mobile cellular 279,100 (2003) 300,000 (2000)
Television broadcast stations 14 (plus 156 low-power repeaters) (1997) 26 (plus ten low-power repeaters for the Montevideo station) (1997)
Terrain mostly plateau interspersed with mountain peaks, icefields; coast deeply indented by bays and fiords mostly rolling plains and low hills; fertile coastal lowland
Total fertility rate 1.93 children born/woman (2004 est.) 2.36 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Unemployment rate 3.4% (2003 est.) 14% (2000 est.)
Waterways - 1,600 km ( used by coastal and shallow-draft river craft)
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