##ciekawa_strona##
Compare Hungary (2003) - Monaco (2003)
Compare Hungary (2003) z Monaco (2003)
| Hungary (2003) | Monaco (2003) | |
 |  | |
| Administrative divisions | 19 counties (megyek, singular - megye), 20 urban counties* (singular - megyei varos), and 1 capital city** (fovaros); Bacs-Kiskun, Baranya, Bekes, Bekescsaba*, Borsod-Abauj-Zemplen, Budapest**, Csongrad, Debrecen*, Dunaujvaros*, Eger*, Fejer, Gyor*, Gyor-Moson-Sopron, Hajdu-Bihar, Heves, Hodmezovasarhely*, Jasz-Nagykun-Szolnok, Kaposvar*, Kecskemet*, Komarom-Esztergom, Miskolc*, Nagykanizsa*, Nograd, Nyiregyhaza*, Pecs*, Pest, Somogy, Sopron*, Szabolcs-Szatmar-Bereg, Szeged*, Szekesfehervar*, Szolnok*, Szombathely*, Tatabanya*, Tolna, Vas, Veszprem, Veszprem*, Zala, Zalaegerszeg* | none; there are no first-order administrative divisions as defined by the US Government, but there are four quarters (quartiers, singular - quartier); Fontvieille, La Condamine, Monaco-Ville, Monte-Carlo |
| Age structure | 0-14 years: 16.1% (male 832,033; female 787,336)
15-64 years: 69% (male 3,406,046; female 3,523,118) 65 years and over: 14.9% (male 544,099; female 952,775) (2003 est.) |
0-14 years: 15.5% (male 2,551; female 2,445)
15-64 years: 62.1% (male 9,814; female 10,130) 65 years and over: 22.4% (male 2,937; female 4,253) (2003 est.) |
| Agriculture - products | wheat, corn, sunflower seed, potatoes, sugar beets; pigs, cattle, poultry, dairy products | none |
| Airports | 49 (2002) | none; linked to airport in Nice, France, by helicopter service (2002) |
| Airports - with paved runways | total: 17
over 3,047 m: 2 2,438 to 3,047 m: 9 1,524 to 2,437 m: 4 914 to 1,523 m: 1 under 914 m: 1 (2002) |
- |
| Airports - with unpaved runways | total: 32
2,438 to 3,047 m: 3 1,524 to 2,437 m: 5 914 to 1,523 m: 16 under 914 m: 8 (2002) |
- |
| Area | total: 93,030 sq km
land: 92,340 sq km water: 690 sq km |
total: 1.95 sq km
land: 1.95 sq km water: 0 sq km |
| Area - comparative | slightly smaller than Indiana | about three times the size of The Mall in Washington, DC |
| Background | Hungary was part of the polyglot Austro-Hungarian Empire, which collapsed during World War I. The country fell under Communist rule following World War II. In 1956, a revolt and announced withdrawal from the Warsaw Pact were met with a massive military intervention by Moscow. Under the leadership of Janos KADAR in 1968, Hungary began liberalizing its economy, introducing so-called "goulash Communism." Hungary held its first multiparty elections in 1990 and initiated a free market economy. It joined NATO in 1999 and is scheduled to accede to the EU along with nine other states on 1 May 2004. In an April 2003 referendum, 84 percent voted in favor of joining the EU. | Economic development was spurred in the late 19th century with a railroad linkup to France and the opening of a casino. Since then, the principality's mild climate, splendid scenery, and gambling facilities have made Monaco world famous as a tourist and recreation center. |
| Birth rate | 9.32 births/1,000 population (2003 est.) | 9.46 births/1,000 population (2003 est.) |
| Budget | revenues: $13 billion
expenditures: $14.4 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (2000 est.) |
revenues: $518 million
expenditures: $531 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (1995) |
| Capital | Budapest | Monaco |
| Climate | temperate; cold, cloudy, humid winters; warm summers | Mediterranean with mild, wet winters and hot, dry summers |
| Coastline | 0 km (landlocked) | 4.1 km |
| Constitution | 18 August 1949, effective 20 August 1949, revised 19 April 1972; 18 October 1989 revision ensured legal rights for individuals and constitutional checks on the authority of the prime minister and also established the principle of parliamentary oversight; 1997 amendment streamlined the judicial system | 17 December 1962 |
| Country name | conventional long form: Republic of Hungary
conventional short form: Hungary local long form: Magyar Koztarsasag local short form: Magyarorszag |
conventional long form: Principality of Monaco
conventional short form: Monaco local long form: Principaute de Monaco local short form: Monaco |
| Currency | forint (HUF) | euro (EUR) |
| Death rate | 13 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.) | 12.82 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.) |
| Debt - external | $31.5 billion (2002 est.) | $NA |
| Diplomatic representation from the US | chief of mission: Ambassador Nancy Goodman BRINKER
embassy: 1054 Szabadsag ter 12, Budapest mailing address: pouch: American Embassy Budapest, 5270 Budapest Place, Department of State, Washington, DC 20521-5270 telephone: [36] (1) 475-4400 FAX: [36] (1) 475-4764 |
the US does not have an embassy in Monaco; the US Consul General in Marseille (France) is accredited to Monaco |
| Diplomatic representation in the US | chief of mission: Ambassador Andras SIMONYI
chancery: 3910 Shoemaker Street NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 362-6730 FAX: [1] (202) 966-8135 consulate(s) general: Los Angeles and New York |
Monaco does not have an embassy in the US
consulate(s) general: New York |
| Disputes - international | Hungary has yet to amend status law extending special social and cultural benefits to ethnic Hungarians in neighboring states, who protest the law | none |
| Economic aid - recipient | ODA $250 million (2000) | $NA |
| Economy - overview | Hungary has made the transition from a centrally planned to a market economy, with a per capita income one-half that of the Big Four European nations. Hungary continues to demonstrate strong economic growth and to work toward accession to the European Union in May 2004. The private sector accounts for over 80% of GDP. Foreign ownership of and investment in Hungarian firms are widespread, with cumulative foreign direct investment totaling more than $23 billion since 1989. Hungarian sovereign debt was upgraded in 2000 to the second-highest rating among all the Central European transition economies. Inflation has declined substantially, from 14% in 1998 to 4.7% in 2003; unemployment has persisted around the 6% level. Germany is by far Hungary's largest economic partner. Short-term issues include the reduction of the public sector deficit to 3% in 2004 and avoiding unjustified increases in wages. | Monaco, situated on the French Mediterranean coast, is a popular resort, attracting tourists to its casino and pleasant climate. In 2001, a major new construction project will extend the pier used by cruise ships in the main harbor. The principality has successfully sought to diversify into services and small, high-value-added, nonpolluting industries. The state has no income tax and low business taxes and thrives as a tax haven both for individuals who have established residence and for foreign companies that have set up businesses and offices. The state retains monopolies in a number of sectors, including tobacco, the telephone network, and the postal service. Living standards are high, roughly comparable to those in prosperous French metropolitan areas. Monaco does not publish national income figures; the estimates below are extremely rough. |
| Electricity - consumption | 35.15 billion kWh (2001) | NA kWh |
| Electricity - exports | 7.261 billion kWh (2001) | - |
| Electricity - imports | 10.43 billion kWh (2001) | NA kWh
note: electricity supplied by France |
| Electricity - production | 34.39 billion kWh (2001) | - |
| Electricity - production by source | fossil fuel: 60.1%
hydro: 0.5% nuclear: 39% other: 0.3% (2001) |
- |
| Elevation extremes | lowest point: Tisza River 78 m
highest point: Kekes 1,014 m |
lowest point: Mediterranean Sea 0 m
highest point: Mont Agel 140 m |
| Environment - current issues | the approximation of Hungary's standards in waste management, energy efficiency, and air, soil, and water pollution with environmental requirements for EU accession will require large investments | NA |
| Environment - international agreements | party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Sulphur 85, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Law of the Sea |
party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling
signed, but not ratified: Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol |
| Ethnic groups | Hungarian 89.9%, Roma 4%, German 2.6%, Serb 2%, Slovak 0.8%, Romanian 0.7% | French 47%, Monegasque 16%, Italian 16%, other 21% |
| Exchange rates | forints per US dollar - 257.89 (2002), 286.49 (2001), 282.18 (2000), 237.15 (1999), 214.4 (1998) | euros per US dollar - 1.06 1.0626 (2002), 1.1175 (2001), 1.0854 (2000), 0.9386 (1999); French francs per US dollar - 5.8995 (1998) |
| Executive branch | chief of state: Ferenc MADL (since 4 August 2000)
head of government: Prime Minister Peter MEDGYESSY (since 27 May 2002) cabinet: Council of Ministers elected by the National Assembly on the recommendation of the president elections: president elected by the National Assembly for a five-year term; election last held 6 June 2000 (next to be held by June 2005); prime minister elected by the National Assembly on the recommendation of the president election results: Ferenc MADL elected president; percent of legislative vote - NA% (but by a simple majority in the third round of voting); Peter MEDGYESSY elected prime minister; percent of legislative vote - NA% note: to be elected, the president must win two-thirds of legislative vote in the first two rounds or a simple majority in the third round |
chief of state: Prince RAINIER III (since 9 May 1949); Heir Apparent Prince ALBERT Alexandre Louis Pierre, son of the monarch (born 14 March 1958)
head of government: Minister of State Patrick LECLERCQ (since 5 January 2000) cabinet: Council of Government is under the authority of the monarch elections: none; the monarchy is hereditary; minister of state appointed by the monarch from a list of three French national candidates presented by the French Government |
| Exports | 47,180 bbl/day (2001) | $NA; full customs integration with France, which collects and rebates Monegasque trade duties; also participates in EU market system through customs union with France |
| Exports - commodities | machinery and equipment 57.6%, other manufactures 31.0%, food products 7.5%, raw materials 1.9%, fuels and electricity 1.9% (2001) | - |
| Exports - partners | Germany 34.3%, Austria 8.5%, Italy 5.5%, France 5.4%, US 4.9%, UK 4.5% (2002) | - |
| Fiscal year | calendar year | calendar year |
| Flag description | three equal horizontal bands of red (top), white, and green | two equal horizontal bands of red (top) and white; similar to the flag of Indonesia which is longer and the flag of Poland which is white (top) and red |
| GDP | purchasing power parity - $134 billion (2002 est.) | purchasing power parity - $870 million (1999 est.) |
| GDP - composition by sector | agriculture: 4.1%
industry: 33.8% services: 62.1% (2000 est.) |
agriculture: NA%
industry: NA% services: NA% |
| GDP - per capita | purchasing power parity - $13,300 (2002 est.) | purchasing power parity - $27,000 (1999 est.) |
| GDP - real growth rate | 3.3% (2002 est.) | NA% |
| Geographic coordinates | 47 00 N, 20 00 E | 43 44 N, 7 24 E |
| Geography - note | landlocked; strategic location astride main land routes between Western Europe and Balkan Peninsula as well as between Ukraine and Mediterranean basin; the north-south flowing Duna (Danube) and Tisza Rivers divide the country into three large regions | second-smallest independent state in the world (after Holy See); almost entirely urban |
| Heliports | 5 (2002) | 1 (shuttle service between the international airport at Nice, France, and Monaco's heliport at Fontvieille) (2002) |
| Highways | total: 188,203 km
paved: 81,680 km (including 438 km of expressways) unpaved: 106,523 km (1999) |
total: 50 km
paved: 50 km unpaved: 0 km (1999 est.) |
| Household income or consumption by percentage share | lowest 10%: 4.1%
highest 10%: 20.5% (1998) |
lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA% |
| Illicit drugs | transshipment point for Southwest Asian heroin and cannabis and for South American cocaine destined for Western Europe; limited producer of precursor chemicals, particularly for amphetamine and methamphetamine; improving, but remains vulnerable to money laundering related to organized crime and drug trafficking | - |
| Imports | 136,600 bbl/day (2001) | $NA; full customs integration with France, which collects and rebates Monegasque trade duties; also participates in EU market system through customs union with France |
| Imports - commodities | machinery and equipment 51.6%, other manufactures 35.3%, fuels and electricity 8.2%, food products 2.9%, raw materials 2.0% (2001) | - |
| Imports - partners | Germany 25.3%, Austria 7.7%, Italy 7.5%, Russia 6%, China 5%, France 5% (2002) | - |
| Independence | 1001 (unification by King Stephen I) | 1419 (beginning of the rule by the House of Grimaldi) |
| Industrial production growth rate | 3.1% (2002 est.) | NA% |
| Industries | mining, metallurgy, construction materials, processed foods, textiles, chemicals (especially pharmaceuticals), motor vehicles | tourism, construction, small-scale industrial and consumer products |
| Infant mortality rate | total: 8.58 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 9.73 deaths/1,000 live births female: 7.35 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.) |
total: 5.63 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 6.52 deaths/1,000 live births female: 4.69 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.) |
| Inflation rate (consumer prices) | 5.3% (2002 est.) | NA% |
| International organization participation | ABEDA, Australia Group, BIS, CE, CEI, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, ECE, EU (applicant), FAO, G- 9, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, MINURSO, NAM (guest), NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OPCW, OSCE, PCA, PFP, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNFICYP, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIKOM, UNMIBH, UNMIK, UNOMIG, UNU, UPU, WCL, WCO, WEU (associate), WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO, ZC | ACCT, ECE, FAO, IAEA, ICAO, ICC, ICCt (signatory), ICRM, IFRCS, IHO, IMO, Interpol, IOC, ITU, OPCW, OSCE, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNITAR, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO |
| Internet Service Providers (ISPs) | 16 (2000) | 2 (2000) |
| Irrigated land | 2,100 sq km (1998 est.) | NA sq km |
| Judicial branch | Constitutional Court (judges are elected by the National Assembly for nine-year terms) | Supreme Court or Tribunal Supreme (judges appointed by the monarch on the basis of nominations by the National Council) |
| Labor force | 4.2 million (1997) | 30,540 (January 1994) |
| Labor force - by occupation | services 65%, industry 27%, agriculture 8% (1996) | - |
| Land boundaries | total: 2,171 km
border countries: Austria 366 km, Croatia 329 km, Romania 443 km, Serbia and Montenegro 151 km, Slovakia 677 km, Slovenia 102 km, Ukraine 103 km |
total: 4.4 km
border countries: France 4.4 km |
| Land use | arable land: 52.2%
permanent crops: 2.46% other: 45.34% (1998 est.) |
arable land: 0%
permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (urban area) (1998 est.) |
| Languages | Hungarian 98.2%, other 1.8% | French (official), English, Italian, Monegasque |
| Legal system | rule of law based on Western model | based on French law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction |
| Legislative branch | unicameral National Assembly or Orszaggyules (386 seats; members are elected by popular vote under a system of proportional and direct representation to serve four-year terms)
elections: last held 7 and 21 April 2002 (next to be held NA April 2006) election results: percent of vote by party (5% or more of the vote required for parliamentary representation in the first round) - Fidesz/MDF 48.70%, MSzP 46.11%, SzDSz 4.92%, other 0.27%; seats by party - Fidesz 164, MSzP 178, MDF 24, SzDSz 20 |
unicameral National Council or Conseil National (24 seats; 16 members elected by list majority system, 8 by proportional representation; to serve five-year terms)
elections: last held 9 February 2003 (next to be held NA February 2008) election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - UNAM 21, UND 3 |
| Life expectancy at birth | total population: 72.17 years
male: 67.84 years female: 76.81 years (2003 est.) |
total population: 79.27 years
male: 75.37 years female: 83.37 years (2003 est.) |
| Literacy | definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 99.4% male: 99.5% female: 99.3% (2003 est.) |
definition: NA
total population: 99% male: NA% female: NA% |
| Location | Central Europe, northwest of Romania | Western Europe, bordering the Mediterranean Sea on the southern coast of France, near the border with Italy |
| Map references | Europe | Europe |
| Maritime claims | none (landlocked) | territorial sea: 12 NM |
| Merchant marine | total: 1 ship (1,000 GRT or over) 3,784 GRT/5,500 DWT
ships by type: cargo 1 |
none (2002 est.) |
| Military - note | - | defense is the responsibility of France |
| Military branches | Ground Forces, Air Forces | - |
| Military expenditures - dollar figure | $1.08 billion (2002 est.) | - |
| Military expenditures - percent of GDP | 1.75% (2002 est.) | - |
| Military manpower - availability | males age 15-49: 2,541,426 (2003 est.) | - |
| Military manpower - fit for military service | males age 15-49: 2,026,912 (2003 est.) | - |
| Military manpower - military age | 18 years of age (2003 est.) | - |
| Military manpower - reaching military age annually | males: 64,305 (2003 est.) | - |
| National holiday | Saint Stephen's Day, 20 August | National Day (Prince of Monaco Holiday), 19 November |
| Nationality | noun: Hungarian(s)
adjective: Hungarian |
noun: Monegasque(s) or Monacan(s)
adjective: Monegasque or Monacan |
| Natural hazards | - | NA |
| Natural resources | bauxite, coal, natural gas, fertile soils, arable land | none |
| Net migration rate | 0.78 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2003 est.) | 7.78 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2003 est.) |
| Pipelines | gas 4,397 km; oil 990 km; refined products 335 km (2003) | - |
| Political parties and leaders | Alliance of Free Democrats or SzDSz [Gabor KUNCZE]; Christian Democratic People's Party or KDNP [Laszlo VARGA, chairman]; Hungarian Civic Alliance or Fidesz-MPP [Jozsef SZASER, chairman]; Hungarian Democratic Forum or MDF [Ibolya DAVID]; Hungarian Democratic People's Party or MDNP [Erzsebet PUSZTAI, chairman]; Hungarian Justice and Life Party or MIEP [Istvan CSURKA, chairman]; Hungarian Socialist Party or MSzP [Laszlo KOVACS, chairman]; Hungarian Workers' Party or MMP [Gyula THURMER, chairman] | National and Democratic Union or UND [Jean-Louis CAMPORA]; Union for Monaco or UPM (including National Union for the Future of Monaco or UNAM [leader NA] |
| Political pressure groups and leaders | NA | NA |
| Population | 10,045,407 (July 2003 est.) | 32,130 (July 2003 est.) |
| Population below poverty line | 8.6% (1993 est.) | NA% |
| Population growth rate | -0.29% (2003 est.) | 0.44% (2003 est.) |
| Ports and harbors | Budapest, Dunaujvaros | Monaco |
| Radio broadcast stations | AM 17, FM 57, shortwave 3 (1998) | AM 1, FM NA, shortwave 8 (1998) |
| Railways | total: 7,875 km
broad gauge: 36 km 1.524-m gauge standard gauge: 7,620 km 1.435-m gauge (2,628 km electrified) narrow gauge: 219 km 0.760-m gauge note: Hungary and Austria jointly manage a cross-border, standard-gauge railway connecting Gyor, Sopron, and Ebenfurt (Gysev railroad) with a route length of 101 km in Hungary and 65 km in Austria; 156 km of this line is electrified (2002) |
total: 1.7 km
standard gauge: 1.7 km 1.435-m gauge (2002) |
| Religions | Roman Catholic 67.5%, Calvinist 20%, Lutheran 5%, atheist and other 7.5% | Roman Catholic 90% |
| Sex ratio | at birth: 1.07 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.06 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.97 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.57 male(s)/female total population: 0.91 male(s)/female (2003 est.) |
at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.97 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.69 male(s)/female total population: 0.91 male(s)/female (2003 est.) |
| Suffrage | 18 years of age; universal | 21 years of age; universal |
| Telephone system | general assessment: the telephone system has been modernized and is capable of satisfying all requests for telecommunication service
domestic: the system is digitalized and highly automated; trunk services are carried by fiber-optic cable and digital microwave radio relay; a program for fiber-optic subscriber connections was initiated in 1996; heavy use is made of mobile cellular telephones international: Hungary has fiber-optic cable connections with all neighboring countries; the international switch is in Budapest; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean and Indian Ocean regions), 1 Inmarsat, 1 very small aperture terminal (VSAT) system of ground terminals |
general assessment: modern automatic telephone system
domestic: NA international: no satellite earth stations; connected by cable into the French communications system |
| Telephones - main lines in use | 3.095 million (1997) | 31,027 (1995) |
| Telephones - mobile cellular | 1.269 million (July 1999) | NA |
| Television broadcast stations | 35 (plus 161 low-power repeaters) (1995) | 5 (1998) |
| Terrain | mostly flat to rolling plains; hills and low mountains on the Slovakian border | hilly, rugged, rocky |
| Total fertility rate | 1.25 children born/woman (2003 est.) | 1.76 children born/woman (2003 est.) |
| Unemployment rate | 5.8% (2002 est.) | 3.1% (1998) |
| Waterways | 1,373 km (permanently navigable) (1997) | none |
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