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Compare Hungary (2001) - Rwanda (2002)

Compare Hungary (2001) z Rwanda (2002)

 Hungary (2001)Rwanda (2002)
 HungaryRwanda
Administrative divisions 19 counties (megyek, singular - megye), 20 urban counties* (singular - megyei varos), and 1 capital city** (fovaros); Bacs-Kiskun, Baranya, Bekes, Bekescsaba*, Borsod-Abauj-Zemplen, Budapest**, Csongrad, Debrecen*, Dunaujvaros*, Eger*, Fejer, Gyor*, Gyor-Moson-Sopron, Hajdu-Bihar, Heves, Hodmezovasarhely*, Jasz-Nagykun-Szolnok, Kaposvar*, Kecskemet*, Komarom-Esztergom, Miskolc*, Nagykanizsa*, Nograd, Nyiregyhaza*, Pecs*, Pest, Somogy, Sopron*, Szabolcs-Szatmar-Bereg, Szeged*, Szekesfehervar*, Szolnok*, Szombathely*, Tatabanya*, Tolna, Vas, Veszprem, Veszprem*, Zala, Zalaegerszeg* 12 prefectures (in French - prefectures, singular - prefecture; in Kinyarwanda - plural - NA, singular - prefegitura); Butare, Byumba, Cyangugu, Gikongoro, Gisenyi, Gitarama, Kibungo, Kibuye, Kigali Rurale, Kigali-ville, Umutara, Ruhengeri
Age structure 0-14 years:
16.63% (male 862,468; female 818,052)

15-64 years:
68.66% (male 3,406,717; female 3,532,008)

65 years and over:
14.71% (male 546,992; female 939,780) (2001 est.)
0-14 years: 41.7% (male 1,550,141; female 1,539,375)


15-64 years: 55.4% (male 2,039,573; female 2,057,059)


65 years and over: 2.9% (male 84,030; female 127,896) (2002 est.)
Agriculture - products wheat, corn, sunflower seed, potatoes, sugar beets; pigs, cattle, poultry, dairy products coffee, tea, pyrethrum (insecticide made from chrysanthemums), bananas, beans, sorghum, potatoes; livestock
Airports 43 (2000 est.) 8 (2001)
Airports - with paved runways total:
16

over 3,047 m:
2

2,438 to 3,047 m:
8

1,524 to 2,437 m:
4

914 to 1,523 m:
1

under 914 m:
1 (2000 est.)
total: 4


over 3,047 m: 1


914 to 1,523 m: 2


under 914 m: 1 (2002)
Airports - with unpaved runways total:
27

2,438 to 3,047 m:
3

1,524 to 2,437 m:
4

914 to 1,523 m:
12

under 914 m:
8 (2000 est.)
total: 5


914 to 1,523 m: 2


under 914 m: 3 (2002)
Area total:
93,030 sq km

land:
92,340 sq km

water:
690 sq km
total: 26,338 sq km


land: 24,948 sq km


water: 1,390 sq km
Area - comparative slightly smaller than Indiana slightly smaller than Maryland
Background Hungary was part of the polyglot Austro-Hungarian Empire, which collapsed during World War I. The country fell under communist rule following World War II. In 1956, a revolt and announced withdrawal from the Warsaw Pact were met with a massive military intervention by Moscow. In the more open GORBACHEV years, Hungary led the movement to dissolve the Warsaw Pact and steadily shifted toward multiparty democracy and a market-oriented economy. Following the collapse of the USSR in 1991, Hungary developed close political and economic ties to Western Europe. It joined NATO in 1999 and is a frontrunner in a future expansion of the EU. In 1959, three years before independence from Belgium, the majority ethnic group, the Hutus, overthrew the ruling Tutsi king. Over the next several years thousands of Tutsis were killed, and some 150,000 driven into exile in neighboring countries. The children of these exiles later formed a rebel group, the Rwandan Patriotic Front and began a civil war in 1990. The war, along with several political and economic upheavals, exacerbated ethnic tensions culminating in April 1994 in the genocide of roughly 800,000 Tutsis and moderate Hutus. The Tutsi rebels defeated the Hutu regime and ended the killing in July 1994, but approximately 2 million Hutu refugees - many fearing Tutsi retribution - fled to neighboring Burundi, Tanzania, Uganda, and Zaire. Since then most of the refugees have returned to Rwanda. Despite substantial international assistance and political reforms - including Rwanda's first local elections in March 1999 - the country continues to struggle to boost investment and agricultural output and to foster reconciliation. A series of massive population displacements, a nagging Hutu extremist insurgency, and Rwandan involvement in two wars over the past four years in the neighboring DROC continue to hinder Rwanda's efforts.
Birth rate 9.32 births/1,000 population (2001 est.) 33.28 births/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Budget revenues:
$13 billion

expenditures:
$14.4 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (2000 est.)
revenues: $199.3 million


expenditures: $445 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (2001 est.)
Capital Budapest Kigali
Climate temperate; cold, cloudy, humid winters; warm summers temperate; two rainy seasons (February to April, November to January); mild in mountains with frost and snow possible
Coastline 0 km (landlocked) 0 km (landlocked)
Constitution 18 August 1949, effective 20 August 1949, revised 19 April 1972; 18 October 1989 revision ensured legal rights for individuals and constitutional checks on the authority of the prime minister and also established the principle of parliamentary oversight; 1997 amendment streamlined the judicial system on 5 May 1995, the Transitional National Assembly adopted as Fundamental Law the constitution of 18 June 1991, provisions of the 1993 Arusha peace accord, the July 1994 Declaration by the Rwanda Patriotic Front, and the November 1994 multiparty protocol of understanding
Country name conventional long form:
Republic of Hungary

conventional short form:
Hungary

local long form:
Magyar Koztarsasag

local short form:
Magyarorszag
conventional long form: Rwandese Republic


conventional short form: Rwanda


local long form: Republika y'u Rwanda


local short form: Rwanda


former: Ruanda
Currency forint (HUF) Rwandan franc (RWF)
Death rate 13.21 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.) 21.39 deaths/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Debt - external $29.6 billion (2000) $1.3 billion (2000 est.)
Diplomatic representation from the US chief of mission:
Ambassador Peter F. TUFO

embassy:
Szabadsag Ter 12, H.-1054 Budapest

mailing address:
pouch: American Embassy Budapest, 5270 Budapest Place, Department of State, Washington, DC 20521-5270

telephone:
[36] (1) 475-4400, 475-4703 (after hours)

FAX:
[36] (1) 475-4764
chief of mission: Ambassador Margaret K. McMILLION


embassy: #337 Boulevard de la Revolution, Kigali


mailing address: B. P. 28, Kigali


telephone: [250] 50 56 01 through 03


FAX: [250] 57 2128
Diplomatic representation in the US chief of mission:
Ambassador Geza JESZENSZKY

chancery:
3910 Shoemaker Street NW, Washington, DC 20008

telephone:
[1] (202) 362-6730

FAX:
[1] (202) 966-8135

consulate(s) general:
Los Angeles and New York
chief of mission: Ambassador Richard SEZIBERA


chancery: 1714 New Hampshire Ave. NW, Washington, DC 20009


telephone: [1] (202) 232-2882


FAX: [1] (202) 232-4544
Disputes - international Gabcikovo/Nagymaros Dam dispute with Slovakia is before the ICJ Tutsi, Hutu and other ethnic groups, political rebels, and various government forces continue fighting in Great Lakes region, transcending the boundaries of Burundi, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Rwanda, and Uganda
Economic aid - recipient $122.7 million (1995) $372.9 million (1999)
Economy - overview Hungary continues to demonstrate strong economic growth and to work toward accession to the European Union. The private sector accounts for over 80% of GDP. Foreign ownership of and investment in Hungarian firms is widespread, with cumulative foreign direct investment totaling $23 billion by 2000. Hungarian sovereign debt was upgraded in 2000 to the second-highest rating among all the Central European transition economies. Inflation - a top economic concern in 2000 - is still high at almost 10%, pushed upward by higher world oil and gas and domestic food prices. Economic reform measures such as health care reform, tax reform, and local government financing have not yet been addressed by the ORBAN government. Rwanda is a rural country with about 90% of the population engaged in (mainly subsistence) agriculture. It is the most densely populated country in Africa; landlocked with few natural resources and minimal industry. Primary exports are coffee and tea. The 1994 genocide decimated Rwanda's fragile economic base, severely impoverished the population, particularly women, and eroded the country's ability to attract private and external investment. However, Rwanda has made significant progress in stabilizing and rehabilitating its economy. GDP has rebounded, and inflation has been curbed. Rwanda received approval for debt relief from the IMF in late 2000 and continued to make progress on inflation, privatization, and GDP growth in 2001. However, export earnings were hindered by low global coffee prices, depriving the country of much needed hard currency. President KAGAME is encouraging investors to take advantage of export opportunities in Rwanda based on its membership in the Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA) free trade area and its access to the US and the EU markets through preferential trade agreements.
Electricity - consumption 35.234 billion kWh (1999) 174.09 million kWh (2000)
Electricity - exports 2.35 billion kWh (1999) 1 million kWh (2000)
Electricity - imports 3.406 billion kWh (1999) 70 million kWh (2000)
Electricity - production 36.75 billion kWh (1999) 113 million kWh (2000)
Electricity - production by source fossil fuel:
61.09%

hydro:
0.51%

nuclear:
38.4%

other:
0% (1999)
fossil fuel: 3%


hydro: 97%


nuclear: 0%


other: 0% (2000)
Elevation extremes lowest point:
Tisza River 78 m

highest point:
Kekes 1,014 m
lowest point: Rusizi River 950 m


highest point: Volcan Karisimbi 4,519 m
Environment - current issues the approximation of Hungary's standards in waste management, energy efficiency, and air, soil, and water pollution with environmental requirements for EU accession will require large investments deforestation results from uncontrolled cutting of trees for fuel; overgrazing; soil exhaustion; soil erosion; widespread poaching
Environment - international agreements party to:
Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Sulphur 85, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands

signed, but not ratified:
Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Law of the Sea
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection


signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea
Ethnic groups Hungarian 89.9%, Roma 4%, German 2.6%, Serb 2%, Slovak 0.8%, Romanian 0.7% Hutu 84%, Tutsi 15%, Twa (Pygmoid) 1%
Exchange rates forints per US dollar - 282.240 (January 2001), 282.179 (2000), 237.146 (1999), 214.402 (1998), 186.789 (1997), 152.647 (1996) Rwandan francs per US dollar - 456.81 (January 2002), 442.99 (2001), 389.70 (2000), 333.94 (1999) 312.31 (1998), 301.53 (1997)
Executive branch chief of state:
Ferenc MADL (since NA August 2000)

head of government:
Prime Minister Viktor ORBAN (since 6 July 1998)

cabinet:
Council of Ministers elected by the National Assembly on the recommendation of the president

elections:
president elected by the National Assembly for a five-year term; election last held 6 June 2000 (next to be held by June 2005); prime minister elected by the National Assembly on the recommendation of the president

election results:
Ferenc MADL elected president; percent of legislative vote - NA% (but by a simple majority in the third round of voting); Viktor ORBAN elected prime minister; percent of legislative vote - NA%

note:
to be elected, the president must win two-thirds of legislative vote in the first two rounds or a simple majority in the third round
chief of state: President Maj. Gen. Paul KAGAME (FPR) (since 22 April 2000)


head of government: Prime Minister Bernard MAKUZA (since 8 March 2000)


cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president


elections: normally the president is elected by popular vote for a five-year term; special election for new president by deputies of the National Assembly and governmental ministers held 17 April 2000 (next national election to be held NA June 2003); prime minister is appointed by the president


election results: Paul KAGAME (FPR) elected president in a special parliamentary/ministerial ballot receiving 81 of a possible 86 votes
Exports $25.2 billion (f.o.b., 2000) $61 million f.o.b. (2001 est.)
Exports - commodities machinery and equipment 59.5%, other manufactures 29.4%, food products 6.9%, raw materials 2.4%, fuels and electricity 1.8% (2000) coffee, tea, hides, tin ore
Exports - partners Germany 37%, Austria 9%, Italy 6%, Netherlands 5% (2000) EU 56.9%, Pakistan 12.3%, US 9.2%, China 4.4% Malaysia 4.4% (2000 est.)
Fiscal year calendar year calendar year
Flag description three equal horizontal bands of red (top), white, and green three horizontal bands of sky blue (top, double width), yellow, and green, with a golden sun with 24 rays near the fly end of the blue band
GDP purchasing power parity - $113.9 billion (2000 est.) purchasing power parity - $7.2 billion (2001 est.)
GDP - composition by sector agriculture:
5%

industry:
35%

services:
60% (2000 est.)
agriculture: 46%


industry: 20%


services: 34% (2000 est.)
GDP - per capita purchasing power parity - $11,200 (2000 est.) purchasing power parity - $1,000 (2001 est.)
GDP - real growth rate 5.5% (2000 est.) 5% (2001 est.)
Geographic coordinates 47 00 N, 20 00 E 2 00 S, 30 00 E
Geography - note landlocked; strategic location astride main land routes between Western Europe and Balkan Peninsula as well as between Ukraine and Mediterranean basin landlocked; most of the country is savanna grassland with the population predominantly rural
Heliports 5 (2000 est.) -
Highways total:
188,203 km

paved:
81,680 km (including 448 km of expressways)

unpaved:
106,523 km (1998 est.)
total: 12,000 km


paved: 1,000 km


unpaved: 11,000 km (1997 est.)
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%:
3.9%

highest 10%:
24.8% (1996)
lowest 10%: 4%


highest 10%: 24% (1983-85)
Illicit drugs major transshipment point for Southwest Asian heroin and cannabis and transit point for South American cocaine destined for Western Europe; limited producer of precursor chemicals, particularly for amphetamine and methamphetamine -
Imports $27.6 billion (f.o.b., 2000) $248 million f.o.b. (2001 est.)
Imports - commodities machinery and equipment 51.1%, other manufactures 35.9%, fuels and electricity 8.1%, food products 2.8%, raw materials 2.1% (2000) foodstuffs, machinery and equipment, steel, petroleum products, cement and construction material
Imports - partners Germany 25%, Russia 8%, Austria 7%, Italy 7% (2000) Kenya 29.4%, EU 28%, US 10%, India 4.4%, Tanzania 2.2% (2000 est.)
Independence 1001 (unification by King Stephen I) 1 July 1962 (from Belgium-administered UN trusteeship)
Industrial production growth rate 18% (2000 est.) 7% (2001 est.)
Industries mining, metallurgy, construction materials, processed foods, textiles, chemicals (especially pharmaceuticals), motor vehicles cement, agricultural products, small-scale beverages, soap, furniture, shoes, plastic goods, textiles, cigarettes
Infant mortality rate 8.96 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.) 117.79 deaths/1,000 live births (2002 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 9.8% (1999 est.) 5% (2001 est.)
International organization participation ABEDA, Australia Group, BIS, CCC, CE, CEI, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, ECE, EU (applicant), FAO, G- 9, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Inmarsat, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, MINURSO, NAM (guest), NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OPCW, OSCE, PCA, PFP, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNFICYP, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIKOM, UNMIBH, UNMIK, UNMOGIP, UNOMIG, UNU, UPU, WCL, WEU (associate), WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO, ZC ACCT, ACP, AfDB, CCC, CEEAC, CEPGL, ECA, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), ISO (correspondent), ITU, NAM, OAU, OPCW (signatory), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) 16 (2000) 2 (2002)
Irrigated land 2,060 sq km (1993 est.) 40 sq km (1998 est.)
Judicial branch Constitutional Court (judges are elected by the National Assembly for nine-year terms) Supreme Court; communal courts; appeals courts
Labor force 4.2 million (1997) 3.6 million
Labor force - by occupation services 65%, industry 27%, agriculture 8% (1996) agriculture 90%
Land boundaries total:
2,009 km

border countries:
Austria 366 km, Croatia 329 km, Romania 443 km, Yugoslavia 151 km, Slovakia 515 km, Slovenia 102 km, Ukraine 103 km
total: 893 km


border countries: Burundi 290 km, Democratic Republic of the Congo 217 km, Tanzania 217 km, Uganda 169 km
Land use arable land:
51%

permanent crops:
3.6%

permanent pastures:
12.4%

forests and woodland:
19%

other:
14% (1999)
arable land: 32.43%


permanent crops: 10.13%


other: 57.44% (1998 est.)
Languages Hungarian 98.2%, other 1.8% Kinyarwanda (official) universal Bantu vernacular, French (official), English (official), Kiswahili (Swahili) used in commercial centers
Legal system rule of law based on Western model based on German and Belgian civil law systems and customary law; judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Legislative branch unicameral National Assembly or Orszaggyules (386 seats; members are elected by popular vote under a system of proportional and direct representation to serve four-year terms)

elections:
last held on 10 and 24 May 1998 (next to be held May/June 2002)

election results:
percent of vote by party (5% or more of the vote required for parliamentary representation in the first round) - MSZP 32.0%, FIDESZ 28.2%, FKGP 13.8%, SZDSZ 7.9%, MIEP 5.5%, MMP 4.1%, MDF 2.8%, KDNP 2.3%, MDNP 1.5%; seats by party - MSZP 134, FIDESZ 148, FKGP 48, SZDSZ 24, MDF 17, MIEP 14, independent 1; note - seating as of 2000 by party - MSZP 136, FIDESZ 141, FKGP 48, SZDSZ 24, MDF 16, MIEP 12, independents 9
unicameral Transitional National Assembly or Assemblee Nationale de Transition (a power-sharing body with 70 seats established on 12 December 1994 following a multiparty protocol of understanding; members were named by their parties, number of seats per party predetermined by the Arusha peace accord)


note: four additional seats, two for women and two for youth, added in 2001


elections: the last national legislative elections were held 16 December 1988 for the National Development Council (the legislature prior to the advent of the Transitional National Assembly); no elections have been held for the Transitional National Assembly as the distribution of seats was predetermined by the Arusha peace accord (next to be held NA June 2003)


election results: seats by party under the Arusha peace accord - FPR 13, MDR 13, PSD 13, PL 13, PDC 6, RPA 6, PSR 2, PDI 2, UDPR 2; note - the distribution of seats was predetermined, four additional seats (two for women and two for youth) added in 2001
Life expectancy at birth total population:
71.63 years

male:
67.28 years

female:
76.3 years (2001 est.)
total population: 38.66 years


male: 38.14 years


female: 39.2 years (2002 est.)
Literacy definition:
age 15 and over can read and write

total population:
99%

male:
99%

female:
98% (1980 est.)
definition: age 15 and over can read and write


total population: 48%


male: 52%


female: 45% (1995 est.)
Location Central Europe, northwest of Romania Central Africa, east of Democratic Republic of the Congo
Map references Europe Africa
Maritime claims none (landlocked) none (landlocked)
Merchant marine total:
1 ship (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 1,199 GRT/1,050 DWT

ships by type:
cargo 1 (2000 est.)
-
Military branches Ground Forces, Air Force; note - there is a paramilitary Border Guard which is under the Ministry of Interior Army, Navy, Air Force, Gendarmerie
Military expenditures - dollar figure $822 million (FY00) $58 million (FY01)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP 1.6% (FY00) 3.1% (FY01)
Military manpower - availability males age 15-49:
2,573,119 (2001 est.)
males age 15-49: 1,858,443 (2002 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service males age 15-49:
2,050,404 (2001 est.)
males age 15-49: 946,990 (2002 est.)
Military manpower - military age 18 years of age -
Military manpower - reaching military age annually males:
64,121 (2001 est.)
-
National holiday St. Stephen's Day, 20 August Independence Day, 1 July (1962)
Nationality noun:
Hungarian(s)

adjective:
Hungarian
noun: Rwandan(s)


adjective: Rwandan
Natural hazards - periodic droughts; the volcanic Virunga mountains are in the northwest along the border with Democratic Republic of the Congo
Natural resources bauxite, coal, natural gas, fertile soils, arable land gold, cassiterite (tin ore), wolframite (tungsten ore), methane, hydropower, arable land
Net migration rate 0.74 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.) -0.32 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Pipelines crude oil 1,204 km; natural gas 4,387 km (1991) -
Political parties and leaders Alliance of Free Democrats or SZDSZ [Gabor DEMSZKY]; Christian Democratic People's Party or KDNP [Gyorgy GICZY, president]; Federation of Young Democrats-Hungarian Civic Party or FYD-HCP [Laszlo KOVER]; note - used to be Hungarian Civic Party or FIDESZ; Hungarian Democratic Forum or MDF [Ibolya DAVID]; Hungarian Democratic People's Party or MDNP [Erzsebet PUSZTAI, chairman]; Hungarian Justice and Life Party or MIEP [Istvan CSURKA, chairman]; Hungarian Socialist Party or MSZP [Laszlo KOVACS, chairman]; Hungarian Workers' Party or MMP [Gyula THURMER, chairman]; Independent Smallholders or FKGP [Jozsef TORGYAN, president] Centrist Democratic Party or PDC [Jean-Nipomuscene NAYINZIRA]; Democratic Socialist Party or PSD [leader NA]; Democratic Popular Union of Rwanda or UDPR [leader NA]; Democratic Republican Movement or MDR [Celestin KABANDA]; Islamic Democratic Party or PDI [Andre BUMAYA]; Liberal Party or PL [Pie MUGABO]; Party for Democratic Renewal (officially banned) [Pasteur BIZIMURGI and Charilg NTAKIROTINKA]; Rwanda Patriotic Army or RPA [Maj. Gen. Paul KAGAME, commander]; Rwanda Patriotic Front or FPR [Maj. Gen. Paul KAGAME]; Rwandan Socialist Party or PSR [leader NA]
Political pressure groups and leaders NA IBUKA - association of genocide survivors
Population 10,106,017 (July 2001 est.) 7,398,074


note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2002 est.)
Population below poverty line 8.6% (1993 est.) 70% (2000 est.)
Population growth rate -0.32% (2001 est.) 1.16% (2002 est.)
Ports and harbors Budapest, Dunaujvaros Cyangugu, Gisenyi, Kibuye
Radio broadcast stations AM 17, FM 57, shortwave 3 (1998) AM 0, FM 3 (two main FM programs are broadcast through a system of repeaters and the third FM program is a 24 hour BBC program), shortwave 1 (2002)
Radios 7.01 million (1997) 601,000 (1997)
Railways total:
7,606 km

broad gauge:
36 km 1.524-m gauge

standard gauge:
7,394 km 1.435-m gauge (2,270 km electrified; 1,236 km double track)

narrow gauge:
176 km 0.760-m gauge (1998)

note:
Hungary and Austria jointly manage the cross-border standard-gauge railway connecting Gyor, Sopron, and Ebenfurt (Gysev railroad) a distance of about 101 km in Hungary and 65 km in Austria
0 km
Religions Roman Catholic 67.5%, Calvinist 20%, Lutheran 5%, atheist and other 7.5% Roman Catholic 56.5%, Protestant 26%, Adventist 11.1%, Muslim 4.6%, indigenous beliefs 0.1%, none 1.7% (2001)
Sex ratio at birth:
1.07 male(s)/female

under 15 years:
1.05 male(s)/female

15-64 years:
0.96 male(s)/female

65 years and over:
0.58 male(s)/female

total population:
0.91 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.01 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 0.99 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.66 male(s)/female


total population: 0.99 male(s)/female (2002 est.)
Suffrage 18 years of age; universal 18 years of age; universal adult
Telephone system general assessment:
the telephone system has been modernized and is capable of satisfying all requests for telecommunication service

domestic:
the system is digitalized and highly automated; trunk services are carried by fiber-optic cable and digital microwave radio relay; a program for fiber-optic subscriber connections was initiated in 1996; heavy use is made of mobile cellular telephones

international:
Hungary has fiber-optic cable connections with all neighboring countries; the international switch is in Budapest; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean and Indian Ocean regions), 1 Inmarsat, 1 very small aperture terminal (VSAT) system of ground terminals
general assessment: telephone system primarily serves business and government


domestic: the capital, Kigali, is connected to the centers of the prefectures by microwave radio relay and, recently, by cellular telephone service; much of the network depends on wire and HF radiotelephone


international: international connections employ microwave radio relay to neighboring countries and satellite communications to more distant countries; satellite earth stations - 1 Intelsat (Indian Ocean) in Kigali (includes telex and telefax service)
Telephones - main lines in use 3.095 million (1997) 11,000 (1999)
Telephones - mobile cellular 1.269 million (July 1999) 11,000 (1999)


note: Rwanda has mobile cellular service between Kigali and several prefecture capitals (2002)
Television broadcast stations 35 (plus 161 low-power repeaters) (1995) NA
Terrain mostly flat to rolling plains; hills and low mountains on the Slovakian border mostly grassy uplands and hills; relief is mountainous with altitude declining from west to east
Total fertility rate 1.25 children born/woman (2001 est.) 4.72 children born/woman (2002 est.)
Unemployment rate 9.4% (2000 est.) NA%
Waterways 1,373 km (permanently navigable) (1997) note: Lac Kivu navigable by shallow-draft barges and native craft
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