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 Gibraltar (2005)Gibraltar (2004)
 GibraltarGibraltar
Administrative divisions none (overseas territory of the UK) none (overseas territory of the UK)
Age structure 0-14 years: 17.8% (male 2,529/female 2,426)


15-64 years: 66% (male 9,442/female 8,970)


65 years and over: 16.2% (male 2,008/female 2,509) (2005 est.)
0-14 years: 18% (male 2,554; female 2,452)


15-64 years: 66.2% (male 9,460; female 8,965)


65 years and over: 15.8% (male 1,939; female 2,463) (2004 est.)
Agriculture - products none none
Airports 1 (2004 est.) 1 (2003 est.)
Airports - with paved runways total: 1


1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2004 est.)
total: 1


1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Area total: 6.5 sq km


land: 6.5 sq km


water: 0 sq km
total: 6.5 sq km


land: 6.5 sq km


water: 0 sq km
Area - comparative about 11 times the size of The Mall in Washington, DC about 11 times the size of The Mall in Washington, DC
Background Strategically important, Gibraltar was ceded to Great Britain by Spain in the 1713 Treaty of Utrecht; the British garrison was formally declared a colony in 1830. In referendums held in 1967 and 2002, Gibraltarians ignored Spanish pressure and voted overwhelmingly to remain a British dependency. Strategically important, Gibraltar was ceded to Great Britain by Spain in the 1713 Treaty of Utrecht; the British garrison was formally declared a colony in 1830. In referendums held in 1967 and 2002, Gibraltarians ignored Spanish pressure and voted overwhelmingly to remain a British dependency.
Birth rate 10.87 births/1,000 population (2005 est.) 10.99 births/1,000 population (2004 est.)
Budget revenues: $307 million


expenditures: $284 million, including capital expenditures of NA (FY00/01 est.)
revenues: $307 million


expenditures: $284 million, including capital expenditures of NA (FY00/01 est.)
Capital Gibraltar Gibraltar
Climate Mediterranean with mild winters and warm summers Mediterranean with mild winters and warm summers
Coastline 12 km 12 km
Constitution 30 May 1969 30 May 1969
Country name conventional long form: none


conventional short form: Gibraltar
conventional long form: none


conventional short form: Gibraltar
Currency - Gibraltar pound (GIP)
Death rate 9.18 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.) 9.05 deaths/1,000 population (2004 est.)
Debt - external $NA (2000 est.) NA (2000 est.)
Dependency status overseas territory of the UK overseas territory of the UK
Diplomatic representation from the US none (overseas territory of the UK) none (overseas territory of the UK)
Diplomatic representation in the US none (overseas territory of the UK) none (overseas territory of the UK)
Disputes - international in 2003, Gibraltar residents voted overwhelmingly by referendum to remain a British colony and against a "total shared sovereignty" arrangement while demanding participation in talks between the UK and Spain; Spain disapproves of UK plans to grant Gibraltar even greater autonomy since Gibraltar residents voted overwhelmingly by referendum in 2003 against a "total shared sovereignty" arrangement, talks between the UK and Spain over the fate of the 300-year-old UK colony have stalled; Spain disapproves of UK plans to grant Gibraltar greater autonomy
Economic aid - recipient $NA NA
Economy - overview Self-sufficient Gibraltar benefits from an extensive shipping trade, offshore banking, and its position as an international conference center. The British military presence has been sharply reduced and now contributes about 7% to the local economy, compared with 60% in 1984. The financial sector, tourism (almost 5 million visitors in 1998), shipping services fees, and duties on consumer goods also generate revenue. The financial sector, the shipping sector, and tourism each contribute 25%-30% of GDP. Telecommunications accounts for another 10%. In recent years, Gibraltar has seen major structural change from a public to a private sector economy, but changes in government spending still have a major impact on the level of employment. Gibraltar benefits from an extensive shipping trade, offshore banking, and its position as an international conference center. The British military presence has been sharply reduced and now contributes about 7% to the local economy, compared with 60% in 1984. The financial sector, tourism (almost 5 million visitors in 1998), shipping services fees, and duties on consumer goods also generate revenue. The financial sector, the shipping sector, and tourism each contribute 25%-30% of GDP. Telecommunications accounts for another 10%. In recent years, Gibraltar has seen major structural change from a public to a private sector economy, but changes in government spending still have a major impact on the level of employment.
Electricity - consumption 96.76 million kWh (2002) 93 million kWh (2001)
Electricity - exports 0 kWh (2002) 0 kWh (2001)
Electricity - imports 0 kWh (2002) 0 kWh (2001)
Electricity - production 104 million kWh (2002) 100 million kWh (2001)
Elevation extremes lowest point: Mediterranean Sea 0 m


highest point: Rock of Gibraltar 426 m
lowest point: Mediterranean Sea 0 m


highest point: Rock of Gibraltar 426 m
Environment - current issues limited natural freshwater resources: large concrete or natural rock water catchments collect rainwater (no longer used for drinking water) and adequate desalination plant limited natural freshwater resources: large concrete or natural rock water catchments collect rainwater (no longer used for drinking water) and adequate desalination plant
Ethnic groups Spanish, Italian, English, Maltese, Portuguese, German, North Africans Spanish, Italian, English, Maltese, Portuguese, German, North Africans
Exchange rates Gibraltar pounds per US dollar - 0.5462 (2004), 0.6125 (2003), 0.6672 (2002), 0.6947 (2001), 0.6609 (2000)


note: the Gibraltar pound is at par with the British pound
Gibraltar pounds per US dollar - 0.6661 (2002), 0.6944 (2001), 0.6596 (2000), 0.6180 (1999), 0.6037 (1998); note - the Gibraltar pound is at par with the British pound
Executive branch chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by Governor and Commander-in-Chief Sir Francis RICHARDS (since 27 May 2003)


head of government: Chief Minister Peter CARUANA (since 17 May 1996)


cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed from among the 15 elected members of the House of Assembly by the governor in consultation with the chief minister


elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; governor appointed by the monarch; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or the leader of the majority coalition is usually appointed chief minister by the governor
chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by Governor and Commander-in-Chief Sir Francis RICHARDS (since 27 May 2003)


head of government: Chief Minister Peter CARUANA (since 17 May 1996)


cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed from among the 15 elected members of the House of Assembly by the governor in consultation with the chief minister


elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; governor appointed by the monarch; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or the leader of the majority coalition is usually appointed chief minister by the governor
Exports NA NA (2001)
Exports - commodities (principally reexports) petroleum 51%, manufactured goods 41%, other 8% (principally reexports) petroleum 51%, manufactured goods 41%, other 8%
Exports - partners France 19.4%, Spain 14.1%, Turkmenistan 12.1%, Switzerland 11.7%, Germany 10.1%, UK 9.1%, Greece 6.8% (2004) Germany 25.6%, France 24.8%, UK 14.3%, Turkmenistan 9.4%, Switzerland 7.5%, Spain 5.6% (2003)
Fiscal year 1 July - 30 June 1 July - 30 June
Flag description two horizontal bands of white (top, double width) and red with a three-towered red castle in the center of the white band; hanging from the castle gate is a gold key centered in the red band two horizontal bands of white (top, double width) and red with a three-towered red castle in the center of the white band; hanging from the castle gate is a gold key centered in the red band
GDP - purchasing power parity - $500 million (1997 est.)
GDP - composition by sector agriculture: NA%


industry: NA%


services: NA% (2002 est.)
agriculture: NA


industry: NA


services: NA (2002 est.)
GDP - per capita purchasing power parity - $27,900 (2000 est.) purchasing power parity - $17,500 (1997 est.)
GDP - real growth rate NA% NA
Geographic coordinates 36 8 N, 5 21 W 36 8 N, 5 21 W
Geography - note strategic location on Strait of Gibraltar that links the North Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea strategic location on Strait of Gibraltar that links the North Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea
Highways total: 29 km


paved: 29 km


unpaved: 0 km (2002)
total: 29 km


paved: 29 km


unpaved: 0 km (2002)
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%: NA%


highest 10%: NA%
lowest 10%: NA


highest 10%: NA
Imports NA NA (2001)
Imports - commodities fuels, manufactured goods, and foodstuffs fuels, manufactured goods, and foodstuffs
Imports - partners Spain 19.9%, Russia 18.4%, UK 10.8%, Italy 8.8%, Germany 7.5%, US 5.1%, Sweden 4.7%, France 4.2% (2004) Spain 26.5%, UK 14.8%, Russia 8.2%, Italy 6.6%, Netherlands 6.5%, France 5.3%, Germany 4.6%, Romania 4.2% (2003)
Independence none (overseas territory of the UK) none (overseas territory of the UK)
Industrial production growth rate NA% NA
Industries tourism, banking and finance, ship repairing, tobacco tourism, banking and finance, ship repairing, tobacco
Infant mortality rate total: 5.13 deaths/1,000 live births


male: 5.71 deaths/1,000 live births


female: 4.52 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
total: 5.22 deaths/1,000 live births


male: 5.81 deaths/1,000 live births


female: 4.59 deaths/1,000 live births (2004 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 1.5% (1998) 1.5% (1998)
International organization participation Interpol (subbureau), UPU Interpol (subbureau), UPU
Irrigated land NA sq km NA sq km
Judicial branch Supreme Court; Court of Appeal Supreme Court; Court of Appeal
Labor force 14,800 (including non-Gibraltar laborers) (1999) 14,800 (including non-Gibraltar laborers) (1999)
Labor force - by occupation agriculture negligible, industry 40%, services 60% agriculture negligible, industry 40%, services 60%
Land boundaries total: 1.2 km


border countries: Spain 1.2 km
total: 1.2 km


border countries: Spain 1.2 km
Land use arable land: 0%


permanent crops: 0%


other: 100% (2001)
arable land: 0%


permanent crops: 0%


other: 100% (2001)
Languages English (used in schools and for official purposes), Spanish, Italian, Portuguese English (used in schools and for official purposes), Spanish, Italian, Portuguese
Legal system English law English law
Legislative branch unicameral House of Assembly (18 seats - 15 elected by popular vote, one appointed for the Speaker, and two ex officio members; members serve four-year terms)


elections: last held 27 November 2003 (next to be held not later than February 2008)


election results: percent of vote by party - GSD 58%, GSLP 41%; seats by party - GSD 8, GSLP 7
unicameral House of Assembly (18 seats - 15 elected by popular vote, one appointed for the Speaker, and two ex officio members; members serve four-year terms)


elections: last held 27 November 2003 (next to be held not later than February 2008)


election results: percent of vote by party - GSD 58%, GSLP 41%; seats by party - GSD 8, GSLP 7
Life expectancy at birth total population: 79.67 years


male: 76.8 years


female: 82.7 years (2005 est.)
total population: 79.52 years


male: 76.65 years


female: 82.54 years (2004 est.)
Literacy definition: NA


total population: above 80%


male: NA%


female: NA%
definition: NA


total population: above 80%


male: NA


female: NA
Location Southwestern Europe, bordering the Strait of Gibraltar, which links the Mediterranean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, on the southern coast of Spain Southwestern Europe, bordering the Strait of Gibraltar, which links the Mediterranean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, on the southern coast of Spain
Map references Europe Europe
Maritime claims territorial sea: 3 nm territorial sea: 3 nm
Merchant marine total: 161 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 980,636 GRT/1,254,661 DWT


by type: barge carrier 3, bulk carrier 2, cargo 96, chemical tanker 21, container 22, passenger 3, passenger/cargo 1, petroleum tanker 11, roll on/roll off 2


foreign-owned: 142 (Belgium 1, Cyprus 1, Finland 1, France 1, Germany 105, Greece 12, Iceland 1, Ireland 1, Italy 1, Latvia 1, Norway 8, Sweden 2, Switzerland 1, Taiwan 1, United Kingdom 3, United States 2) (2005)
total: 133 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 980,636 GRT/1,254,661 DWT


by type: bulk 3, cargo 69, chemical tanker 14, container 27, multi-functional large load carrier 3, passenger 2, petroleum tanker 13, roll on/roll off 2


foreign-owned: Belgium 1, Cyprus 3, Denmark 1, Estonia 1, France 1, Germany 92, Greece 11, Hong Kong 2, Iceland 1, Monaco 4, Norway 6, Spain 1, United Kingdom 6, United States 2


registered in other countries: 4 (2004 est.)
Military - note defense is the responsibility of the UK; the last British regular infantry forces left Gibraltar in 1992, replaced by the Royal Gibraltar Regiment defense is the responsibility of the UK; the last British regular infantry forces left Gibraltar in 1992, replaced by the Royal Gibraltar Regiment
Military branches Royal Gibraltar Regiment Royal Gibraltar Regiment
National holiday National Day, 10 September (1967); note - day of the national referendum to decide whether to remain with the UK or go with Spain National Day, 10 September (1967); note - day of the national referendum to decide whether to remain with the UK or go with Spain
Nationality noun: Gibraltarian(s)


adjective: Gibraltar
noun: Gibraltarian(s)


adjective: Gibraltar
Natural hazards NA NA
Natural resources none none
Net migration rate 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.) 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2004 est.)
Political parties and leaders Gibraltar Liberal Party [Joseph GARCIA]; Gibraltar Social Democrats or GSD [Peter CARUANA]; Gibraltar Socialist Labor Party or GSLP [Joseph John BOSSANO] Gibraltar Liberal Party [Joseph GARCIA]; Gibraltar Social Democrats or GSD [Peter CARUANA]; Gibraltar Socialist Labor Party or GSLP [Joseph John BOSSANO]
Political pressure groups and leaders Chamber of Commerce; Gibraltar Representatives Organization; Women's Association Chamber of Commerce; Gibraltar Representatives Organization; Women's Association
Population 27,884 (July 2005 est.) 27,833 (July 2004 est.)
Population below poverty line NA% NA
Population growth rate 0.17% (2005 est.) 0.19% (2004 est.)
Ports and harbors Gibraltar Gibraltar
Radio broadcast stations AM 1, FM 5, shortwave 0 (1998) AM 1, FM 5, shortwave 0 (1998)
Religions Roman Catholic 78.1%, Church of England 7%, other Christian 3.2%, Muslim 4%, Jewish 2.1%, Hindu 1.8%, other or unspecified 0.9%, none 2.9% (2001 census) Roman Catholic 76.9%, Church of England 6.9%, Muslim 6.9%, Jewish 2.3%, none or other 7% (1991)
Sex ratio at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 1.05 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.8 male(s)/female


total population: 1.01 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 1.06 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.79 male(s)/female


total population: 1.01 male(s)/female (2004 est.)
Suffrage 18 years of age; universal, plus other UK subjects who have been residents six months or more 18 years of age; universal, plus other UK subjects who have been residents six months or more
Telephone system general assessment: adequate, automatic domestic system and adequate international facilities


domestic: automatic exchange facilities


international: country code - 350; radiotelephone; microwave radio relay; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)
general assessment: adequate, automatic domestic system and adequate international facilities


domestic: automatic exchange facilities


international: country code - 350; radiotelephone; microwave radio relay; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)
Telephones - main lines in use 24,512 (2002) 24,512 (2002)
Telephones - mobile cellular 9,797 (2002) 9,797 (2002)
Television broadcast stations 1 (plus three low-power repeaters) (1997) 1 (plus three low-power repeaters) (1997)
Terrain a narrow coastal lowland borders the Rock of Gibraltar a narrow coastal lowland borders the Rock of Gibraltar
Total fertility rate 1.65 children born/woman (2005 est.) 1.65 children born/woman (2004 est.)
Unemployment rate 2% (2001 est.) 2% (2001 est.)
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