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Compare Gaza Strip (2007) - Gaza Strip (2008)

Compare Gaza Strip (2007) z Gaza Strip (2008)

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 Gaza Strip (2007)Gaza Strip (2008)
 Gaza StripGaza Strip
Age structure 0-14 years: 47.6% (male 361,115/female 344,236)


15-64 years: 49.9% (male 377,927/female 361,824)


65 years and over: 2.5% (male 15,454/female 21,849) (2007 est.)
0-14 years: 47.6% (male 361,115/female 344,236)


15-64 years: 49.9% (male 377,927/female 361,824)


65 years and over: 2.5% (male 15,454/female 21,849) (2007 est.)
Agriculture - products olives, citrus, vegetables; beef, dairy products olives, citrus, vegetables; beef, dairy products
Airports 2 (2007) 2 (2007)
Airports - with paved runways total: 1


over 3,047 m: 1 (2007)
total: 1


over 3,047 m: 1 (2007)
Airports - with unpaved runways total: 1


under 914 m: 1 (2007)
total: 1


under 914 m: 1 (2007)
Area total: 360 sq km


land: 360 sq km


water: 0 sq km
total: 360 sq km


land: 360 sq km


water: 0 sq km
Area - comparative slightly more than twice the size of Washington, DC slightly more than twice the size of Washington, DC
Background The Israel-PLO Declaration of Principles on Interim Self-Government Arrangements (the DOP), signed in Washington in September 1993, provided for a transitional period of Palestinian interim self-government in the Gaza Strip and the West Bank. A transfer of authority to the Palestinian Authority (PA) for the Gaza Strip and Jericho took place pursuant to the Israel-PLO 4 May 1994 Cairo Agreement on the Gaza Strip and the Jericho Area and, in additional areas of the West Bank, pursuant to the Israel-PLO 28 September 1995 Interim Agreement, the Israel-PLO 15 January 1997 Protocol Concerning Redeployment in Hebron, the Israel-PLO 23 October 1998 Wye River Memorandum, and the 4 September 1999 Sharm el-Sheikh Agreement. Direct negotiations to determine the permanent status of Gaza and the West Bank began in September 1999 after a three-year hiatus, but were derailed by a second intifadah that broke out a year later. In April 2003, the Quartet (US, EU, UN, and Russia) presented a roadmap to a final settlement of the conflict by 2005 based on reciprocal steps by the two parties leading to two states, Israel and a democratic Palestine. The proposed date for a permanent status agreement has been postponed indefinitely due to violence and accusations that both sides have not followed through on their commitments. Following Palestinian leader Yasir ARAFAT's death in late 2004, Mahmud ABBAS was elected PA president in January 2005. A month later, Israel and the PA agreed to the Sharm el-Sheikh Commitments in an effort to move the peace process forward. In September 2005, Israel withdrew all its settlers and soldiers and dismantled its military facilities in the Gaza Strip and four northern West Bank settlements. Nonetheless, Israel controls maritime, airspace, and most access to the Gaza Strip. A November 2005 PA-Israeli agreement authorized the reopening of the Rafah border crossing between the Gaza Strip and Egypt under joint PA and Egyptian control. In January 2006, the Islamic Resistance Movement, HAMAS, won control of the Palestinian Legislative Council (PLC). The international community has refused to accept the HAMAS-led government because it does not recognize Israel, will not renounce violence, and refuses to honor previous peace agreements between Israel and the PA. Since March 2006, President Abbas has had little success negotiating with HAMAS to present a political platform acceptable to the international community so as to lift the economic siege on Palestinians. The PLC was unable to convene in late 2006 as a result of Israel's detention of many HAMAS PLC members and Israeli-imposed travel restrictions on other PLC members. The September 1993 Israel-PLO Declaration of Principles on Interim Self-Government Arrangements provided for a transitional period of Palestinian self-rule in the West Bank and Gaza Strip. Under a series of agreements signed between May 1994 and September 1999, Israel transferred to the Palestinian Authority (PA) security and civilian responsibility for Palestinian-populated areas of the West Bank and Gaza. Negotiations to determine the permanent status of the West Bank and Gaza stalled following the outbreak of an intifada in September 2000, as Israeli forces reoccupied most Palestinian-controlled areas. In April 2003, the Quartet (US, EU, UN, and Russia) presented a roadmap to a final settlement of the conflict by 2005 based on reciprocal steps by the two parties leading to two states, Israel and a democratic Palestine. The proposed date for a permanent status agreement was postponed indefinitely due to violence and accusations that both sides had not followed through on their commitments. Following Palestinian leader Yasir ARAFAT's death in late 2004, Mahmud ABBAS was elected PA president in January 2005. A month later, Israel and the PA agreed to the Sharm el-Sheikh Commitments in an effort to move the peace process forward. In September 2005, Israel unilaterally withdrew all its settlers and soldiers and dismantled its military facilities in the Gaza Strip and withdrew settlers and redeployed soldiers from four small northern West Bank settlements. Nonetheless, Israel controls maritime, airspace, and most access to the Gaza Strip. A November 2005 PA-Israeli agreement authorized the reopening of the Rafah border crossing between the Gaza Strip and Egypt under joint PA and Egyptian control. In January 2006, the Islamic Resistance Movement, HAMAS, won control of the Palestinian Legislative Council (PLC). The international community refused to accept the HAMAS-led government because it did not recognize Israel, would not renounce violence, and refused to honor previous peace agreements between Israel and the PA. HAMAS took control of the PA government in March 2006, but President ABBAS had little success negotiating with HAMAS to present a political platform acceptable to the international community so as to lift economic sanctions on Palestinians. The PLC was unable to convene throughout most of 2006 as a result of Israel's detention of many HAMAS PLC members and Israeli-imposed travel restrictions on other PLC members. Violent clashes took place between Fatah and HAMAS supporters in the Gaza Strip in 2006 and early 2007, resulting in numerous Palestinian deaths and injuries. ABBAS and HAMAS Political Bureau Chief MISHAL in February 2007 signed the Mecca Agreement in Saudi Arabia that resulted in the formation of a Palestinian National Unity Government (NUG) headed by HAMAS member Ismail HANIYA. However, fighting continued in the Gaza Strip, and in June, HAMAS militants succeeded in a violent takeover of all military and governmental institutions in the Gaza Strip. ABBAS dismissed the NUG and through a series of Presidential decrees formed a PA government in the West Bank led by independent Salam FAYYAD. HAMAS rejected the NUG's dismissal and has called for resuming talks with Fatah, but ABBAS has ruled out negotiations until HAMAS agrees to a return of PA control over the Gaza Strip and recognizes the FAYYAD-led government. FAYYAD and his PA government initiated a series of security and economic reforms to improve conditions in the West Bank. ABBAS participated in talks with Israel's Prime Minister OLMERT and secured the release of some Palestinian prisoners and previously withheld customs revenue. During a November 2007 international meeting in Annapolis Maryland, ABBAS and OLMERT agreed to resume peace negotiations with the goal of reaching a final peace settlement by the end of 2008.
Birth rate 38.9 births/1,000 population (2007 est.) 38.9 births/1,000 population (2007 est.)
Budget revenues: $1.23 billion


expenditures: $1.64 billion; (includes West Bank) (2005)
revenues: $1.149 billion


expenditures: $2.31 billion


note: includes West Bank (2006)
Climate temperate, mild winters, dry and warm to hot summers temperate, mild winters, dry and warm to hot summers
Coastline 40 km 40 km
Country name conventional long form: none


conventional short form: Gaza Strip


local long form: none


local short form: Qita Ghazzah
conventional long form: none


conventional short form: Gaza Strip


local long form: none


local short form: Qita Ghazzah
Death rate 3.74 deaths/1,000 population (2007 est.) 3.74 deaths/1,000 population (2007 est.)
Debt - external $NA $NA
Disputes - international West Bank and Gaza Strip are Israeli-occupied with current status subject to the Israeli-Palestinian Interim Agreement - permanent status to be determined through further negotiation; Israel removed settlers and military personnel from the Gaza Strip in August 2005 West Bank and Gaza Strip are Israeli-occupied with current status subject to the Israeli-Palestinian Interim Agreement - permanent status to be determined through further negotiation; Israel removed settlers and military personnel from the Gaza Strip in August 2005
Economic aid - recipient $1.14 billion; (includes West Bank) (2004 est.) $1.4 billion; (includes West Bank) (2006 est.)
Economy - overview High population density, limited land access, and strict internal and external security controls have kept economic conditions in the Gaza Strip - the smaller of the two areas under the Palestinian Authority (PA)- even more degraded than in the West Bank. The beginning of the second intifadah in September 2000 sparked an economic downturn, largely the result of Israeli closure policies; these policies, which were imposed to address security concerns in Israel, disrupted labor and trade access to and from the Gaza Strip. In 2001, and even more severely in 2003, Israeli military measures in PA areas resulted in the destruction of capital, the disruption of administrative structures, and widespread business closures. The Israeli withdrawal from the Gaza Strip in September 2005 offered some medium-term opportunities for economic growth, which have not yet been realized due to Israeli military activities in the Gaza Strip in 2006, continued crossings closures, and the international community's financial embargo of the PA after HAMAS took office in March 2006. High population density, limited land access, and strict internal and external security controls have kept economic conditions in the Gaza Strip - the smaller of the two areas under the Palestinian Authority (PA)- even more degraded than in the West Bank. The beginning of the second intifadah in September 2000 sparked an economic downturn, largely the result of Israeli closure policies; these policies, which were imposed to address security concerns in Israel, disrupted labor and trade access to and from the Gaza Strip. In 2001, and even more severely in 2003, Israeli military measures in PA areas resulted in the destruction of capital, the disruption of administrative structures, and widespread business closures. The Israeli withdrawal from the Gaza Strip in September 2005 offered some medium-term opportunities for economic growth, but continued Israeli-imposed crossings closures, which became more restrictive after Hamas violently took over the territory in June 2007, have resulted in widespread private sector layoffs and shortages of most goods.
Electricity - consumption 230,000 kWh (2005) 230,000 kWh (2005)
Electricity - exports 0 kWh (2005) 0 kWh (2005)
Electricity - imports 90,000 kWh; note - from Israeli Electric Company (2005) 90,000 kWh; note - from Israeli Electric Company (2005)
Electricity - production 140,000 kWh (2005) 140,000 kWh (2005)
Elevation extremes lowest point: Mediterranean Sea 0 m


highest point: Abu 'Awdah (Joz Abu 'Auda) 105 m
lowest point: Mediterranean Sea 0 m


highest point: Abu 'Awdah (Joz Abu 'Auda) 105 m
Environment - current issues desertification; salination of fresh water; sewage treatment; water-borne disease; soil degradation; depletion and contamination of underground water resources desertification; salination of fresh water; sewage treatment; water-borne disease; soil degradation; depletion and contamination of underground water resources
Ethnic groups Palestinian Arab and other 99.4%, Jewish 0.6% Palestinian Arab
Exchange rates new Israeli shekels per US dollar - 4.4565 (2006), 4.4877 (2005), 4.482 (2004), 4.5541 (2003), 4.7378 (2002) new Israeli shekels per US dollar - 4.14 (2007), 4.4565 (2006), 4.4877 (2005), 4.482 (2004), 4.5541 (2003)
Exports $301 million f.o.b.; (includes West Bank) (2005) $301 million f.o.b.; (includes West Bank) (2005)
Exports - commodities citrus, flowers, textiles citrus, flowers, textiles
Exports - partners Israel, Egypt, West Bank (2006) Israel, Egypt, West Bank (2006)
Fiscal year calendar year calendar year
GDP - composition by sector agriculture: 8%


industry: 18.2%


services: 73.9% (includes West Bank) (2005 est.)
agriculture: 8%


industry: 13%


services: 79% (includes West Bank) (2006 est.)
GDP - real growth rate 4.9% (includes West Bank) (2005 est.) -8% (includes West Bank) (2006 est.)
Geographic coordinates 31 25 N, 34 20 E 31 25 N, 34 20 E
Geography - note strategic strip of land along Mideast-North African trade routes has experienced an incredibly turbulent history; the town of Gaza itself has been besieged countless times in its history strategic strip of land along Mideast-North African trade routes has experienced an incredibly turbulent history; the town of Gaza itself has been besieged countless times in its history
Heliports 1 (2007) 1 (2007)
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%: NA%


highest 10%: NA%
lowest 10%: NA%


highest 10%: NA%
Imports $2.44 billion c.i.f.; (includes West Bank) (2005) $2.44 billion c.i.f.; (includes West Bank) (2005)
Imports - commodities food, consumer goods, construction materials food, consumer goods, construction materials
Imports - partners Israel, Egypt, West Bank (2006) Israel, Egypt, West Bank (2006)
Industrial production growth rate 2.4% (includes West Bank) (2005) 2.4% (includes West Bank) (2005)
Industries generally small family businesses that produce textiles, soap, olive-wood carvings, and mother-of-pearl souvenirs; the Israelis had established some small-scale modern industries in an industrial center, but operations ceased prior to Israel's evacuation of Gaza Strip settlements generally small family businesses that produce textiles, soap, olive-wood carvings, and mother-of-pearl souvenirs; the Israelis had established some small-scale modern industries in an industrial center, but operations ceased prior to Israel's evacuation of Gaza Strip settlements
Infant mortality rate total: 21.88 deaths/1,000 live births


male: 22.91 deaths/1,000 live births


female: 20.79 deaths/1,000 live births (2007 est.)
total: 21.88 deaths/1,000 live births


male: 22.91 deaths/1,000 live births


female: 20.79 deaths/1,000 live births (2007 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 1.2% (includes West Bank) (2005) 3.6% (includes West Bank) (2006)
Irrigated land 150 sq km; note - includes West Bank (2003) 150 sq km; note - includes West Bank (2003)
Labor force 259,000 (2005) 267,000 (2006)
Labor force - by occupation agriculture: 12%


industry: 18%


services: 70% (2005)
agriculture: 12%


industry: 18%


services: 70% (2005)
Land boundaries total: 62 km


border countries: Egypt 11 km, Israel 51 km
total: 62 km


border countries: Egypt 11 km, Israel 51 km
Land use arable land: 29%


permanent crops: 21%


other: 50% (2002)
arable land: 29%


permanent crops: 21%


other: 50% (2002)
Languages Arabic, Hebrew (spoken by many Palestinians), English (widely understood) Arabic, Hebrew (spoken by many Palestinians), English (widely understood)
Life expectancy at birth total population: 72.16 years


male: 70.84 years


female: 73.54 years (2007 est.)
total population: 72.16 years


male: 70.84 years


female: 73.54 years (2007 est.)
Literacy definition: age 15 and over can read and write


total population: 92.4%


male: 96.7%


female: 88% (2004 est.)
definition: age 15 and over can read and write


total population: 92.4%


male: 96.7%


female: 88% (2004 est.)
Location Middle East, bordering the Mediterranean Sea, between Egypt and Israel Middle East, bordering the Mediterranean Sea, between Egypt and Israel
Map references Middle East Middle East
Maritime claims Israeli-occupied with current status subject to the Israeli-Palestinian Interim Agreement - permanent status to be determined through further negotiation Israeli-occupied with current status subject to the Israeli-Palestinian Interim Agreement - permanent status to be determined through further negotiation
Military branches in accordance with the peace agreement, the Palestinian Authority is not permitted conventional military forces; there are, however, public security forces (2007) in accordance with the peace agreement, the Palestinian Authority is not permitted conventional military forces; there are, however, public security forces (2007)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP NA NA
Nationality noun: NA


adjective: NA
noun: NA


adjective: NA
Natural hazards droughts droughts
Natural resources arable land, natural gas arable land, natural gas
Net migration rate 1.43 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2007 est.) 1.43 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2007 est.)
Population 1,482,405 (July 2007 est.) 1,482,405 (July 2007 est.)
Population below poverty line 63.1% (2005 est.) 80% (2007 est.)
Population growth rate 3.66% (2007 est.) 3.66% (2007 est.)
Radio broadcast stations AM 0, FM 8, shortwave 0 (2005) AM 0, FM 10, shortwave 0 (2008)
Religions Muslim (predominantly Sunni) 98.7%, Christian 0.7%, Jewish 0.6% Muslim (predominantly Sunni) 99.3%, Christian 0.7%
Sex ratio at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.049 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 1.045 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.707 male(s)/female


total population: 1.037 male(s)/female (2007 est.)
at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.049 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 1.045 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.707 male(s)/female


total population: 1.037 male(s)/female (2007 est.)
Telephone system general assessment: NA


domestic: Israeli company BEZEK and the Palestinian company PALTEL are responsible for fixed line services in the Gaza Strip; the Palestinian JAWAL company provides cellular services


international: country code - 970 (2004)
general assessment: NA


domestic: Israeli company BEZEK and the Palestinian company PALTEL are responsible for fixed line services; the Palestinian JAWAL company provides cellular services


international: country code - 970 (2004)
Telephones - main lines in use 349,000 (includes West Bank) (2005) 349,000 (includes West Bank) (2005)
Telephones - mobile cellular 1.095 million (includes West Bank) (2005) 1.095 million (includes West Bank) (2005)
Television broadcast stations 1 (2005) 1 (2008)
Terrain flat to rolling, sand- and dune-covered coastal plain flat to rolling, sand- and dune-covered coastal plain
Total fertility rate 5.64 children born/woman (2007 est.) 5.64 children born/woman (2007 est.)
Unemployment rate 20.3% (includes West Bank) (2005) 34.8% (2006)
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