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Compare Gaza Strip (2007) - Gaza Strip (2005)

Compare Gaza Strip (2007) z Gaza Strip (2005)

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 Gaza Strip (2007)Gaza Strip (2005)
 Gaza StripGaza Strip
Age structure 0-14 years: 47.6% (male 361,115/female 344,236)


15-64 years: 49.9% (male 377,927/female 361,824)


65 years and over: 2.5% (male 15,454/female 21,849) (2007 est.)
0-14 years: 48.5% (male 342,186/female 325,899)


15-64 years: 48.8% (male 342,927/female 329,354)


65 years and over: 2.6% (male 15,036/female 20,887) (2005 est.)
Agriculture - products olives, citrus, vegetables; beef, dairy products olives, citrus, vegetables; beef, dairy products
Airports 2 (2007) 2 (2001)


note: includes Gaza International Airport (GIA), inaugurated on 24 November 1998 as part of agreements stipulated in the September 1995 Oslo II Accord and the 23 October 1998 Wye River Memorandum; GIA has been largely closed since October 2000 by Israeli orders and its runway was destroyed by the Israeli Defense Forces in December 2001 (2004 est.)
Airports - with paved runways total: 1


over 3,047 m: 1 (2007)
total: 1


over 3,047 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Airports - with unpaved runways total: 1


under 914 m: 1 (2007)
total: 1


under 914 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Area total: 360 sq km


land: 360 sq km


water: 0 sq km
total: 360 sq km


land: 360 sq km


water: 0 sq km
Area - comparative slightly more than twice the size of Washington, DC slightly more than twice the size of Washington, DC
Background The Israel-PLO Declaration of Principles on Interim Self-Government Arrangements (the DOP), signed in Washington in September 1993, provided for a transitional period of Palestinian interim self-government in the Gaza Strip and the West Bank. A transfer of authority to the Palestinian Authority (PA) for the Gaza Strip and Jericho took place pursuant to the Israel-PLO 4 May 1994 Cairo Agreement on the Gaza Strip and the Jericho Area and, in additional areas of the West Bank, pursuant to the Israel-PLO 28 September 1995 Interim Agreement, the Israel-PLO 15 January 1997 Protocol Concerning Redeployment in Hebron, the Israel-PLO 23 October 1998 Wye River Memorandum, and the 4 September 1999 Sharm el-Sheikh Agreement. Direct negotiations to determine the permanent status of Gaza and the West Bank began in September 1999 after a three-year hiatus, but were derailed by a second intifadah that broke out a year later. In April 2003, the Quartet (US, EU, UN, and Russia) presented a roadmap to a final settlement of the conflict by 2005 based on reciprocal steps by the two parties leading to two states, Israel and a democratic Palestine. The proposed date for a permanent status agreement has been postponed indefinitely due to violence and accusations that both sides have not followed through on their commitments. Following Palestinian leader Yasir ARAFAT's death in late 2004, Mahmud ABBAS was elected PA president in January 2005. A month later, Israel and the PA agreed to the Sharm el-Sheikh Commitments in an effort to move the peace process forward. In September 2005, Israel withdrew all its settlers and soldiers and dismantled its military facilities in the Gaza Strip and four northern West Bank settlements. Nonetheless, Israel controls maritime, airspace, and most access to the Gaza Strip. A November 2005 PA-Israeli agreement authorized the reopening of the Rafah border crossing between the Gaza Strip and Egypt under joint PA and Egyptian control. In January 2006, the Islamic Resistance Movement, HAMAS, won control of the Palestinian Legislative Council (PLC). The international community has refused to accept the HAMAS-led government because it does not recognize Israel, will not renounce violence, and refuses to honor previous peace agreements between Israel and the PA. Since March 2006, President Abbas has had little success negotiating with HAMAS to present a political platform acceptable to the international community so as to lift the economic siege on Palestinians. The PLC was unable to convene in late 2006 as a result of Israel's detention of many HAMAS PLC members and Israeli-imposed travel restrictions on other PLC members. The Israel-PLO Declaration of Principles on Interim Self-Government Arrangements (the DOP), signed in Washington on 13 September 1993, provided for a transitional period not exceeding five years of Palestinian interim self-government in the Gaza Strip and the West Bank. Under the DOP, Israel agreed to transfer certain powers and responsibilities to the Palestinian Authority, which includes the Palestinian Legislative Council elected in January 1996, as part of the interim self-governing arrangements in the West Bank and Gaza Strip. A transfer of powers and responsibilities for the Gaza Strip and Jericho took place pursuant to the Israel-PLO 4 May 1994 Cairo Agreement on the Gaza Strip and the Jericho Area and in additional areas of the West Bank pursuant to the Israel-PLO 28 September 1995 Interim Agreement, the Israel-PLO 15 January 1997 Protocol Concerning Redeployment in Hebron, the Israel-PLO 23 October 1998 Wye River Memorandum, and the 4 September 1999 Sharm el-Sheikh Agreement. The DOP provides that Israel will retain responsibility during the transitional period for external and internal security and for public order of settlements and Israeli citizens. Direct negotiations to determine the permanent status of Gaza and West Bank began in September 1999 after a three-year hiatus, but were derailed by a second intifadah that broke out in September 2000. The resulting widespread violence in the West Bank and Gaza Strip, Israel's military response, and instability within the Palestinian Authority continued to undermine progress toward a permanent agreement. Following the death of longtime Palestinian leader Yasir ARAFAT in November 2004, the election of his successor Mahmud ABBAS in January 2005 brought about a turning point in the conflict. In February 2005 the Israeli Government voted to disengage from the Gaza Strip by dismantling all Israeli settlements and removing all Israeli settlers. This process was completed in September 2005. Nonetheless, Israel maintains offshore maritime control as well as airspace control. The future political status of the Gaza Strip has yet to be determined.
Birth rate 38.9 births/1,000 population (2007 est.) 40.03 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Budget revenues: $1.23 billion


expenditures: $1.64 billion; (includes West Bank) (2005)
revenues: $676.6 million


expenditures: $1.155 billion, including capital expenditures of NA; note - these budget data include West Bank (2003)
Climate temperate, mild winters, dry and warm to hot summers temperate, mild winters, dry and warm to hot summers
Coastline 40 km 40 km
Country name conventional long form: none


conventional short form: Gaza Strip


local long form: none


local short form: Qita Ghazzah
conventional long form: none


conventional short form: Gaza Strip


local long form: none


local short form: Qita Ghazzah
Death rate 3.74 deaths/1,000 population (2007 est.) 3.87 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Debt - external $NA $108 million (includes West Bank) (1997 est.)
Disputes - international West Bank and Gaza Strip are Israeli-occupied with current status subject to the Israeli-Palestinian Interim Agreement - permanent status to be determined through further negotiation; Israel removed settlers and military personnel from the Gaza Strip in August 2005 West Bank and Gaza Strip are Israeli-occupied with current status subject to the Israeli-Palestinian Interim Agreement - permanent status to be determined through further negotiation; Israel announced its intention to pull out settlers and withdraw from the Gaza Strip in 2005
Economic aid - recipient $1.14 billion; (includes West Bank) (2004 est.) $2 billion (includes West Bank) (2004 est.)
Economy - overview High population density, limited land access, and strict internal and external security controls have kept economic conditions in the Gaza Strip - the smaller of the two areas under the Palestinian Authority (PA)- even more degraded than in the West Bank. The beginning of the second intifadah in September 2000 sparked an economic downturn, largely the result of Israeli closure policies; these policies, which were imposed to address security concerns in Israel, disrupted labor and trade access to and from the Gaza Strip. In 2001, and even more severely in 2003, Israeli military measures in PA areas resulted in the destruction of capital, the disruption of administrative structures, and widespread business closures. The Israeli withdrawal from the Gaza Strip in September 2005 offered some medium-term opportunities for economic growth, which have not yet been realized due to Israeli military activities in the Gaza Strip in 2006, continued crossings closures, and the international community's financial embargo of the PA after HAMAS took office in March 2006. High population density, limited land access, and strict internal and external controls have kept economic conditions in the Gaza Strip - the smaller of the two areas under the Palestinian Authority - even more degraded than in the West Bank. An anticipated Israeli withdrawal from the Gaza Strip in 2005 may offer some medium-term opportunities for economic growth. The beginning of the second intifadah in September 2000 sparked an economic downturn, largely the result of Israeli closure policies; these policies, which were imposed in response to security interests in Israel, disrupted labor and commodity relationships with the Gaza Strip. In 2001, and even more severely in 2003, Israeli military measures in Palestinian Authority areas resulted in the destruction of much capital plant, the disruption of administrative structure, and widespread business closures. Including the West Bank, the UN estimates that more than 100,000 Palestinians out of the 125,000 who used to work in Israel or in joint industrial zones have lost their jobs. International aid of $2 billion to Gaza Strip and the West Bank in 2004 prevented the complete collapse of the economy and allowed some reforms in the government's financial operations. Meanwhile unemployment has continued at half the labor force. ARAFAT's death in 2004 leaves open more political options that could affect the economy.
Electricity - consumption 230,000 kWh (2005) NA kWh
Electricity - exports 0 kWh (2005) 0 kWh (2001)
Electricity - imports 90,000 kWh; note - from Israeli Electric Company (2005) NA kWh; note - electricity supplied by Israel (2001)
Electricity - production 140,000 kWh (2005) NA kWh; note - electricity supplied by Israel
Elevation extremes lowest point: Mediterranean Sea 0 m


highest point: Abu 'Awdah (Joz Abu 'Auda) 105 m
lowest point: Mediterranean Sea 0 m


highest point: Abu 'Awdah (Joz Abu 'Auda) 105 m
Environment - current issues desertification; salination of fresh water; sewage treatment; water-borne disease; soil degradation; depletion and contamination of underground water resources desertification; salination of fresh water; sewage treatment; water-borne disease; soil degradation; depletion and contamination of underground water resources
Ethnic groups Palestinian Arab and other 99.4%, Jewish 0.6% Palestinian Arab and other 99.4%, Jewish 0.6%
Exchange rates new Israeli shekels per US dollar - 4.4565 (2006), 4.4877 (2005), 4.482 (2004), 4.5541 (2003), 4.7378 (2002) new Israeli shekels per US dollar - 4.482 (2004), 4.5541 (2003), 4.7378 (2002), 4.2057 (2001), 4.0773 (2000)
Exports $301 million f.o.b.; (includes West Bank) (2005) $205 million f.o.b., includes West Bank (2002)
Exports - commodities citrus, flowers, textiles citrus, flowers
Exports - partners Israel, Egypt, West Bank (2006) Israel, Egypt, West Bank
Fiscal year calendar year calendar year
GDP - composition by sector agriculture: 8%


industry: 18.2%


services: 73.9% (includes West Bank) (2005 est.)
agriculture: 9%


industry: 28%


services: 63% (includes West Bank) (2002 est.)
GDP - per capita - purchasing power parity - $600 (2003 est.)
GDP - real growth rate 4.9% (includes West Bank) (2005 est.) 4.5% (2003 est.)
Geographic coordinates 31 25 N, 34 20 E 31 25 N, 34 20 E
Geography - note strategic strip of land along Mideast-North African trade routes has experienced an incredibly turbulent history; the town of Gaza itself has been besieged countless times in its history there are 25 Israeli settlements and civilian land use sites in the Gaza Strip (February 2002 est.)
Heliports 1 (2007) 1 (2004 est.)
Highways - total: NA km


paved: NA km


unpaved: NA km


note: small, poorly developed road network
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%: NA%


highest 10%: NA%
lowest 10%: NA


highest 10%: NA
Imports $2.44 billion c.i.f.; (includes West Bank) (2005) $1.9 billion c.i.f., includes West Bank (2002)
Imports - commodities food, consumer goods, construction materials food, consumer goods, construction materials
Imports - partners Israel, Egypt, West Bank (2006) Israel, Egypt, West Bank
Industrial production growth rate 2.4% (includes West Bank) (2005) NA
Industries generally small family businesses that produce textiles, soap, olive-wood carvings, and mother-of-pearl souvenirs; the Israelis had established some small-scale modern industries in an industrial center, but operations ceased prior to Israel's evacuation of Gaza Strip settlements generally small family businesses that produce textiles, soap, olive-wood carvings, and mother-of-pearl souvenirs; the Israelis have established some small-scale modern industries in an industrial center
Infant mortality rate total: 21.88 deaths/1,000 live births


male: 22.91 deaths/1,000 live births


female: 20.79 deaths/1,000 live births (2007 est.)
total: 22.93 deaths/1,000 live births


male: 24.05 deaths/1,000 live births


female: 21.76 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 1.2% (includes West Bank) (2005) 2.2% (includes West Bank) (2001 est.)
Irrigated land 150 sq km; note - includes West Bank (2003) 120 sq km (1998 est.)
Labor force 259,000 (2005) 725,000 (2004)
Labor force - by occupation agriculture: 12%


industry: 18%


services: 70% (2005)
agriculture 14%, industry 19%, services 66% (2004)
Land boundaries total: 62 km


border countries: Egypt 11 km, Israel 51 km
total: 62 km


border countries: Egypt 11 km, Israel 51 km
Land use arable land: 29%


permanent crops: 21%


other: 50% (2002)
arable land: 28.95%


permanent crops: 21.05%


other: 50% (2001)
Languages Arabic, Hebrew (spoken by many Palestinians), English (widely understood) Arabic, Hebrew (spoken by Israeli settlers and many Palestinians), English (widely understood)
Life expectancy at birth total population: 72.16 years


male: 70.84 years


female: 73.54 years (2007 est.)
total population: 71.79 years


male: 70.5 years


female: 73.15 years (2005 est.)
Literacy definition: age 15 and over can read and write


total population: 92.4%


male: 96.7%


female: 88% (2004 est.)
definition: age 15 and over can read and write


total population: 91.9%


male: 96.3%


female: 87.4% (2003 est.)
Location Middle East, bordering the Mediterranean Sea, between Egypt and Israel Middle East, bordering the Mediterranean Sea, between Egypt and Israel
Map references Middle East Middle East
Maritime claims Israeli-occupied with current status subject to the Israeli-Palestinian Interim Agreement - permanent status to be determined through further negotiation Israeli-occupied with current status subject to the Israeli-Palestinian Interim Agreement - permanent status to be determined through further negotiation
Military branches in accordance with the peace agreement, the Palestinian Authority is not permitted conventional military forces; there are, however, public security forces (2007) in accordance with the peace agreement, the Palestinian Authority is not permitted conventional military forces; there are, however, public security forces (2002)
Military expenditures - dollar figure - NA
Military expenditures - percent of GDP NA NA
Nationality noun: NA


adjective: NA
noun: NA


adjective: NA
Natural hazards droughts droughts
Natural resources arable land, natural gas arable land, natural gas
Net migration rate 1.43 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2007 est.) 1.54 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Population 1,482,405 (July 2007 est.) 1,376,289


note: in addition, there are more than 5,000 Israeli settlers in the Gaza Strip (July 2005 est.)
Population below poverty line 63.1% (2005 est.) 81% (2004 est.)
Population growth rate 3.66% (2007 est.) 3.77% (2005 est.)
Ports and harbors - Gaza
Radio broadcast stations AM 0, FM 8, shortwave 0 (2005) AM 0, FM 0, shortwave 0 (1998)
Religions Muslim (predominantly Sunni) 98.7%, Christian 0.7%, Jewish 0.6% Muslim (predominantly Sunni) 98.7%, Christian 0.7%, Jewish 0.6%
Sex ratio at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.049 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 1.045 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.707 male(s)/female


total population: 1.037 male(s)/female (2007 est.)
at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 1.04 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.72 male(s)/female


total population: 1.04 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
Telephone system general assessment: NA


domestic: Israeli company BEZEK and the Palestinian company PALTEL are responsible for fixed line services in the Gaza Strip; the Palestinian JAWAL company provides cellular services


international: country code - 970 (2004)
general assessment: NA


domestic: rudimentary telephone services provided by an open-wire system


international: NA
Telephones - main lines in use 349,000 (includes West Bank) (2005) 95,729 (total for Gaza Strip and West Bank) (1997)
Telephones - mobile cellular 1.095 million (includes West Bank) (2005) 320,000 (cellular subscribers in both Gaza Strip and West Bank) (2002)
Television broadcast stations 1 (2005) 2 (operated by the Palestinian Broadcasting Corporation) (1997)
Terrain flat to rolling, sand- and dune-covered coastal plain flat to rolling, sand- and dune-covered coastal plain
Total fertility rate 5.64 children born/woman (2007 est.) 5.91 children born/woman (2005 est.)
Unemployment rate 20.3% (includes West Bank) (2005) 50% (includes West Bank) (2003 est.)
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