Gambia, The (2003) | Gambia, The (2004) | |
Administrative divisions | 5 divisions and 1 city*; Banjul*, Central River, Lower River, North Bank, Upper River, Western | 5 divisions and 1 city*; Banjul*, Central River, Lower River, North Bank, Upper River, Western |
Age structure | 0-14 years: 44.9% (male 338,497; female 335,503)
15-64 years: 52.4% (male 390,150; female 396,763) 65 years and over: 2.7% (male 20,836; female 19,301) (2003 est.) |
0-14 years: 44.7% (male 347,349; female 344,264)
15-64 years: 52.6% (male 403,297; female 410,382) 65 years and over: 2.7% (male 21,459; female 20,097) (2004 est.) |
Agriculture - products | rice, millet, sorghum, peanuts, corn, sesame, cassava (tapioca), palm kernels; cattle, sheep, goats | rice, millet, sorghum, peanuts, corn, sesame, cassava (tapioca), palm kernels; cattle, sheep, goats |
Airports | 1 (2002) | 1 (2003 est.) |
Airports - with paved runways | total: 1
over 3,047 m: 1 (2002) |
total: 1
over 3,047 m: 1 (2004 est.) |
Area | total: 11,300 sq km
land: 10,000 sq km water: 1,300 sq km |
total: 11,300 sq km
land: 10,000 sq km water: 1,300 sq km |
Area - comparative | slightly less than twice the size of Delaware | slightly less than twice the size of Delaware |
Background | The Gambia gained its independence from the UK in 1965; it formed a short-lived federation of Senegambia with Senegal between 1982 and 1989. In 1991 the two nations signed a friendship and cooperation treaty. A military coup in 1994 overthrew the president and banned political activity, but a 1996 constitution and presidential elections, followed by parliamentary balloting in 1997, completed a nominal return to civilian rule. The country undertook another round of presidential and legislative elections in late 2001 and early 2002. | The Gambia gained its independence from the UK in 1965; it formed a short-lived federation of Senegambia with Senegal between 1982 and 1989. In 1991 the two nations signed a friendship and cooperation treaty. A military coup in 1994 overthrew the president and banned political activity, but a 1996 constitution and presidential elections, followed by parliamentary balloting in 1997, completed a nominal return to civilian rule. The country undertook another round of presidential and legislative elections in late 2001 and early 2002. Yahya A. J. J. JAMMEH, the leader of the coup, has been elected president in all subsequent elections. |
Birth rate | 40.77 births/1,000 population (2003 est.) | 40.3 births/1,000 population (2004 est.) |
Budget | revenues: $90.5 million
expenditures: $80.9 million, including capital expenditures of $4.1 million (2001 est.) |
revenues: $58.63 million
expenditures: $62.64 million, including capital expenditures of $4.1 million (2003 est.) |
Capital | Banjul | Banjul |
Climate | tropical; hot, rainy season (June to November); cooler, dry season (November to May) | tropical; hot, rainy season (June to November); cooler, dry season (November to May) |
Coastline | 80 km | 80 km |
Constitution | 24 April 1970; suspended July 1994; rewritten and approved by national referendum 8 August 1996; reestablished in January 1997 | 24 April 1970; suspended July 1994; rewritten and approved by national referendum 8 August 1996; reestablished January 1997 |
Country name | conventional long form: Republic of The Gambia
conventional short form: The Gambia |
conventional long form: Republic of The Gambia
conventional short form: The Gambia |
Currency | dalasi (GMD) | dalasi (GMD) |
Death rate | 12.35 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.) | 12.08 deaths/1,000 population (2004 est.) |
Debt - external | $476 million (2001 est.) | $476 million (2001 est.) |
Diplomatic representation from the US | chief of mission: Ambassador Jackson McDONALD
embassy: Kairaba Avenue, Fajara, Banjul mailing address: P. M. B. No. 19, Banjul telephone: [220] 392856, 392858, 391971 FAX: [220] 392475 |
chief of mission: Ambassador Jackson McDONALD
embassy: Kairaba Avenue, Fajara, Banjul mailing address: P. M. B. No. 19, Banjul telephone: [220] 392856, 392858, 391971 FAX: [220] 392475 |
Diplomatic representation in the US | chief of mission: Ambassador (vacant); Charge D'Affaires Lena Manga Sagnia SECK
chancery: Suite 905, 1156 15th Street NW, Washington, DC 20005 telephone: [1] (202) 785-1379 FAX: [1] (202) 785-1430 |
chief of mission: Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires Lena Manga Sagnia SECK
chancery: Suite 905, 1156 15th Street NW, Washington, DC 20005 telephone: [1] (202) 785-1379 FAX: [1] (202) 785-1430 |
Disputes - international | none | attempts to stem refugees, cross-border raids, arms smuggling, other illegal activities, and political instability from separatist movement in southern Senegal's Casamance region |
Economic aid - recipient | $45.4 million (1995) | $45.4 million (1995) |
Economy - overview | The Gambia has no important mineral or other natural resources and has a limited agricultural base. About 75% of the population depends on crops and livestock for its livelihood. Small-scale manufacturing activity features the processing of peanuts, fish, and hides. Reexport trade normally constitutes a major segment of economic activity, but a 1999 government-imposed preshipment inspection plan, and instability of the Gambian dalasi (currency) have drawn some of the reexport trade away from The Gambia. The government's 1998 seizure of the private peanut firm Alimenta eliminated the largest purchaser of Gambian groundnuts; the following two marketing seasons have seen substantially lower prices and sales. A decline in tourism in 2000 has also held back growth. Unemployment and underemployment rates are extremely high. Shortrun economic progress remains highly dependent on sustained bilateral and multilateral aid, on responsible government economic management as forwarded by IMF technical help and advice, and on expected growth in the construction sector. | The Gambia has no important mineral or other natural resources and has a limited agricultural base. About 75% of the population depends on crops and livestock for its livelihood. Small-scale manufacturing activity features the processing of peanuts, fish, and hides. Reexport trade normally constitutes a major segment of economic activity, but a 1999 government-imposed preshipment inspection plan, and instability of the Gambian dalasi (currency) have drawn some of the reexport trade away from The Gambia. The government's 1998 seizure of the private peanut firm Alimenta eliminated the largest purchaser of Gambian groundnuts; the following two marketing seasons have seen substantially lower prices and sales. A decline in tourism in 2000 has also held back growth. Unemployment and underemployment rates are extremely high. Shortrun economic progress remains highly dependent on sustained bilateral and multilateral aid, on responsible government economic management as forwarded by IMF technical help and advice, and on expected growth in the construction sector. |
Electricity - consumption | 79.36 million kWh (2001) | 79.36 million kWh (2001) |
Electricity - exports | 0 kWh (2001) | 0 kWh (2001) |
Electricity - imports | 0 kWh (2001) | 0 kWh (2001) |
Electricity - production | 85.33 million kWh (2001) | 85.33 million kWh (2001) |
Electricity - production by source | fossil fuel: 100%
hydro: 0% nuclear: 0% other: 0% (2001) |
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Elevation extremes | lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m
highest point: unnamed location 53 m |
lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m
highest point: unnamed location 53 m |
Environment - current issues | deforestation; desertification; water-borne diseases prevalent | deforestation; desertification; water-borne diseases prevalent |
Environment - international agreements | party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements |
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements |
Ethnic groups | African 99% (Mandinka 42%, Fula 18%, Wolof 16%, Jola 10%, Serahuli 9%, other 4%), non-African 1% | African 99% (Mandinka 42%, Fula 18%, Wolof 16%, Jola 10%, Serahuli 9%, other 4%), non-African 1% |
Exchange rates | dalasi per US dollar - NA (2002), 15.69 (2001), 12.79 (2000), 11.4 (1999), 10.64 (1998) | dalasi per US dollar - NA (2003), 19.9182 (2002), 15.6872 (2001), 12.7876 (2000), 11.3951 (1999) |
Executive branch | chief of state: President Yahya A. J. J. JAMMEH (since 18 October 1996; note - from 1994 to 1996 he was Chairman of the Junta); Vice President Isatou Njie SAIDY (since 20 March 1997); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government
head of government: President Yahya A. J. J. JAMMEH (since 18 October 1996; note - from 1994 to 1996 was he Chairman of the Junta); Vice President Isatou Njie SAIDY (since 20 March 1997); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; the number of terms is not restricted; election last held 18 October 2001 (next to be held NA October 2006) election results: Yahya A. J. J. JAMMEH reelected president; percent of vote - Yahya A. J. J. JAMMEH 52.9%, Ousainou DARBOE 32.7% |
chief of state: President Yahya A. J. J. JAMMEH (since 18 October 1996; note - from 1994 to 1996 he was Chairman of the Junta); Vice President Isatou Njie SAIDY (since 20 March 1997); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government
head of government: President Yahya A. J. J. JAMMEH (since 18 October 1996; note - from 1994 to 1996 was he Chairman of the Junta); Vice President Isatou Njie SAIDY (since 20 March 1997); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; the number of terms is not restricted; election last held 18 October 2001 (next to be held October 2006) election results: Yahya A. J. J. JAMMEH reelected president; percent of vote - Yahya A. J. J. JAMMEH 52.9%, Ousainou DARBOE 32.7% |
Exports | NA (2001) | NA (2001) |
Exports - commodities | peanut products, fish, cotton lint, palm kernels, re-exports | peanut products, fish, cotton lint, palm kernels, re-exports |
Exports - partners | France 21.9%, UK 19.1%, Malaysia 11.8%, Italy 11.1%, Germany 7.3%, Belgium 6.3%, South Africa 4.2% (2002) | UK 26.7%, Belgium 6.7%, China 6.7%, Germany 6.7%, Italy 6.7%, Malaysia 6.7%, Thailand 6.7% (2003) |
Fiscal year | calendar year | calendar year |
Flag description | three equal horizontal bands of red (top), blue with white edges, and green | three equal horizontal bands of red (top), blue with white edges, and green |
GDP | purchasing power parity - $2.582 billion (2002 est.) | purchasing power parity - $2.56 billion (2003 est.) |
GDP - composition by sector | agriculture: 33%
industry: 13% services: 54% (1999 est.) |
agriculture: 46.8%
industry: 9.3% services: 43.8% (2003 est.) |
GDP - per capita | purchasing power parity - $1,800 (2002 est.) | purchasing power parity - $1,700 (2003 est.) |
GDP - real growth rate | 5.7% (2001 est.) | 3% (2003 est.) |
Geographic coordinates | 13 28 N, 16 34 W | 13 28 N, 16 34 W |
Geography - note | almost an enclave of Senegal; smallest country on the continent of Africa | almost an enclave of Senegal; smallest country on the continent of Africa |
Highways | total: 2,700 km
paved: 956 km unpaved: 1,744 km (1999) |
total: 2,700 km
paved: 956 km unpaved: 1,744 km (1999) |
Household income or consumption by percentage share | lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA% |
lowest 10%: NA
highest 10%: NA |
Imports | NA (2001) | NA (2001) |
Imports - commodities | foodstuffs, manufactures, fuel, machinery and transport equipment | foodstuffs, manufactures, fuel, machinery and transport equipment |
Imports - partners | China 21.8%, Senegal 8.9%, Brazil 7.8%, UK 6.5%, Netherlands 5.4%, India 4.9%, Belgium 4.5%, Hong Kong 4.1% (2002) | China 24.9%, Senegal 8.9%, Brazil 6.8%, UK 6.6%, US 5.6%, Netherlands 5%, India 4.9% (2003) |
Independence | 18 February 1965 (from UK) | 18 February 1965 (from UK) |
Industrial production growth rate | NA% | NA |
Industries | processing peanuts, fish, and hides; tourism; beverages; agricultural machinery assembly, woodworking, metalworking; clothing | processing peanuts, fish, and hides; tourism; beverages; agricultural machinery assembly, woodworking, metalworking; clothing |
Infant mortality rate | total: 74.93 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 81.67 deaths/1,000 live births female: 68 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.) |
total: 73.48 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 80.14 deaths/1,000 live births female: 66.62 deaths/1,000 live births (2004 est.) |
Inflation rate (consumer prices) | 5.5% (2002 est.) | 14% (2003 est.) |
International organization participation | ACP, AfDB, C, ECA, ECOWAS, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ITU, NAM, OAU, OIC, OPCW, UN, UNAMSIL, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNMEE, UPU, WCL, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO | ACP, AfDB, AU, C, ECOWAS, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ITU, MIGA, NAM, OIC, ONUB, OPCW, UN, UNAMSIL, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNMEE, UNMIL, UNOCI, UPU, WCL, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO |
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) | 2 (2001) | - |
Irrigated land | 20 sq km (1998 est.) | 20 sq km (1998 est.) |
Judicial branch | Supreme Court | Supreme Court |
Labor force | 400,000 | 400,000 (1996) |
Labor force - by occupation | agriculture 75%, industry, commerce, and services 19%, government 6% | agriculture 75%, industry, commerce, and services 19%, government 6% |
Land boundaries | total: 740 km
border countries: Senegal 740 km |
total: 740 km
border countries: Senegal 740 km |
Land use | arable land: 19.5%
permanent crops: 0.5% other: 80% (1998 est.) |
arable land: 25%
permanent crops: 0.5% other: 74.5% (2001) |
Languages | English (official), Mandinka, Wolof, Fula, other indigenous vernaculars | English (official), Mandinka, Wolof, Fula, other indigenous vernaculars |
Legal system | based on a composite of English common law, Koranic law, and customary law; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations | based on a composite of English common law, Koranic law, and customary law; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations |
Legislative branch | unicameral National Assembly (53 seats; 48 elected by popular vote, five appointed by the president; members serve five-year terms)
elections: last held 17 January 2002 (next to be held NA January 2007) election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - APRC 45, PDOIS 2, NRP 1, |
unicameral National Assembly (53 seats; 48 elected by popular vote, five appointed by the president; members serve five-year terms)
elections: last held 17 January 2002 (next to be held NA January 2007) election results: percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - APRC 45, PDOIS 2, NRP 1, |
Life expectancy at birth | total population: 54.38 years
male: 52.39 years female: 56.44 years (2003 est.) |
total population: 54.79 years
male: 52.76 years female: 56.87 years (2004 est.) |
Literacy | definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 40.1% male: 47.8% female: 32.8% (2003 est.) |
definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 40.1% male: 47.8% female: 32.8% (2003 est.) |
Location | Western Africa, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean and Senegal | Western Africa, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean and Senegal |
Map references | Africa | Africa |
Maritime claims | contiguous zone: 18 NM
continental shelf: not specified exclusive fishing zone: 200 NM territorial sea: 12 NM |
territorial sea: 12 nm
contiguous zone: 18 nm continental shelf: not specified exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm |
Merchant marine | none (2002 est.) | none (2004 est.) |
Military branches | Gambian National Army (GNA) (includes marine unit), National Police, Presidential Guard | Gambian National Army (GNA) (including Naval Unit), Presidential Guard |
Military expenditures - dollar figure | $1.2 million (FY02) | $900,000 (2003) |
Military expenditures - percent of GDP | 0.3% (FY02) | 0.3% (2003) |
Military manpower - availability | males age 15-49: 338,800 (2003 est.) | males age 15-49: 350,256 (2004 est.) |
Military manpower - fit for military service | males age 15-49: 170,904 (2003 est.) | males age 15-49: 176,733 (2004 est.) |
National holiday | Independence Day, 18 February (1965) | Independence Day, 18 February (1965) |
Nationality | noun: Gambian(s)
adjective: Gambian |
noun: Gambian(s)
adjective: Gambian |
Natural hazards | drought (rainfall has dropped by 30% in the last 30 years) | drought (rainfall has dropped by 30% in the last 30 years) |
Natural resources | fish | fish |
Net migration rate | 1.89 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2003 est.) | 1.57 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2004 est.) |
Political parties and leaders | Alliance for Patriotic Reorientation and Construction or APRC [Yahya A. J. J. JAMMEH]; Gambian People's Party-Progressive People's Party-United Democratic Party or GPP-PPP-UDP Coalition [Ousainou DARBOE]; National Convention Party or NCP [Sheriff DIBBA]; National Reconciliation Party or NRP [Hamat N. K. BAH]; People's Democratic Organization for Independence and Socialism or PDOIS [Sidia JATTA]
note: in August 2001, an independent electoral commission allowed the reregistration of the GPP, NCP, and PPP, three parties banned since 1996 |
Alliance for Patriotic Reorientation and Construction or APRC [Yahya A. J. J. JAMMEH]; Gambian People's Party-Progressive People's Party-United Democratic Party or GPP-PPP-UDP Coalition [Ousainou DARBOE]; National Convention Party or NCP [Sheriff DIBBA]; National Reconciliation Party or NRP [Hamat N. K. BAH]; People's Democratic Organization for Independence and Socialism or PDOIS [Sidia JATTA]
note: in August 2001, an independent electoral commission allowed the reregistration of the GPP, NCP, and PPP, three parties banned since 1996 |
Political pressure groups and leaders | NA | NA |
Population | 1,501,050 (July 2003 est.) | 1,546,848 (July 2004 est.) |
Population below poverty line | NA% | NA |
Population growth rate | 3.03% (2003 est.) | 2.98% (2004 est.) |
Ports and harbors | Banjul | Banjul |
Radio broadcast stations | AM 3, FM 2, shortwave 0 (2001) | AM 3, FM 2, shortwave 0 (2001) |
Railways | 0 km | - |
Religions | Muslim 90%, Christian 9%, indigenous beliefs 1% | Muslim 90%, Christian 9%, indigenous beliefs 1% |
Sex ratio | at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.01 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.98 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 1.08 male(s)/female total population: 1 male(s)/female (2003 est.) |
at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.01 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.98 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 1.07 male(s)/female total population: 1 male(s)/female (2004 est.) |
Suffrage | 18 years of age; universal | 18 years of age; universal |
Telephone system | general assessment: adequate; a packet switched data network is available
domestic: adequate network of microwave radio relay and open-wire international: microwave radio relay links to Senegal and Guinea-Bissau; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) |
general assessment: adequate; a packet switched data network is available
domestic: adequate network of microwave radio relay and open-wire international: country code - 220; microwave radio relay links to Senegal and Guinea-Bissau; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) |
Telephones - main lines in use | 31,900 (2000) | 38,400 (2002) |
Telephones - mobile cellular | 5,624 (2000) | 100,000 (2002) |
Television broadcast stations | 1 (government-owned) (1997) | 1 (government-owned) (1997) |
Terrain | flood plain of the Gambia River flanked by some low hills | flood plain of the Gambia River flanked by some low hills |
Total fertility rate | 5.53 children born/woman (2003 est.) | 5.46 children born/woman (2004 est.) |
Unemployment rate | NA% | NA (2002 est.) |
Waterways | 400 km | 390 km (on River Gambia; small ocean-going vessels can reach 190 km) (2004) |