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Compare Gambia, The (2001) - Gambia, The (2003)

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 Gambia, The (2001)Gambia, The (2003)
 Gambia, TheGambia, The
Administrative divisions 5 divisions and 1 city*; Banjul*, Lower River, Central River, North Bank, Upper River, Western 5 divisions and 1 city*; Banjul*, Central River, Lower River, North Bank, Upper River, Western
Age structure 0-14 years:
45.22% (male 320,458; female 317,647)

15-64 years:
52.13% (male 364,900; female 370,717)

65 years and over:
2.65% (male 19,660; female 17,823) (2001 est.)
0-14 years: 44.9% (male 338,497; female 335,503)


15-64 years: 52.4% (male 390,150; female 396,763)


65 years and over: 2.7% (male 20,836; female 19,301) (2003 est.)
Agriculture - products peanuts, millet, sorghum, rice, corn, sesame, cassava (tapioca), palm kernels; cattle, sheep, goats; forest and fishery resources not fully exploited rice, millet, sorghum, peanuts, corn, sesame, cassava (tapioca), palm kernels; cattle, sheep, goats
Airports 1 (2000 est.) 1 (2002)
Airports - with paved runways total:
1

over 3,047 m:
1 (2000 est.)
total: 1


over 3,047 m: 1 (2002)
Area total:
11,300 sq km

land:
10,000 sq km

water:
1,300 sq km
total: 11,300 sq km


land: 10,000 sq km


water: 1,300 sq km
Area - comparative slightly less than twice the size of Delaware slightly less than twice the size of Delaware
Background The Gambia gained its independence from the UK in 1965; it formed a short-lived federation of Senegambia with Senegal between 1982 and 1989. In 1991 the two nations signed a friendship and cooperation treaty. A military coup in 1994 overthrew the president and banned political activity, but a new 1996 constitution and presidential elections, followed by parliamentary balloting in 1997, have completed a nominal return to civilian rule. The Gambia gained its independence from the UK in 1965; it formed a short-lived federation of Senegambia with Senegal between 1982 and 1989. In 1991 the two nations signed a friendship and cooperation treaty. A military coup in 1994 overthrew the president and banned political activity, but a 1996 constitution and presidential elections, followed by parliamentary balloting in 1997, completed a nominal return to civilian rule. The country undertook another round of presidential and legislative elections in late 2001 and early 2002.
Birth rate 41.76 births/1,000 population (2001 est.) 40.77 births/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Budget revenues:
$90.5 million

expenditures:
$80.9 million, including capital expenditures of $4.1 million (2001 est.)
revenues: $90.5 million


expenditures: $80.9 million, including capital expenditures of $4.1 million (2001 est.)
Capital Banjul Banjul
Climate tropical; hot, rainy season (June to November); cooler, dry season (November to May) tropical; hot, rainy season (June to November); cooler, dry season (November to May)
Coastline 80 km 80 km
Constitution 24 April 1970; suspended July 1994; rewritten and approved by national referendum 8 August 1996; reestablished in January 1997 24 April 1970; suspended July 1994; rewritten and approved by national referendum 8 August 1996; reestablished in January 1997
Country name conventional long form:
Republic of The Gambia

conventional short form:
The Gambia
conventional long form: Republic of The Gambia


conventional short form: The Gambia
Currency dalasi (GMD) dalasi (GMD)
Death rate 12.92 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.) 12.35 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Debt - external $440 million (2001 est.) $476 million (2001 est.)
Diplomatic representation from the US chief of mission:
Ambassador George W. B. HALEY

embassy:
Fajara, Kairaba Avenue, Banjul

mailing address:
P. M. B. No. 19, Banjul

telephone:
[220] 392856, 392858, 391970, 391971

FAX:
[220] 392475
chief of mission: Ambassador Jackson McDONALD


embassy: Kairaba Avenue, Fajara, Banjul


mailing address: P. M. B. No. 19, Banjul


telephone: [220] 392856, 392858, 391971


FAX: [220] 392475
Diplomatic representation in the US chief of mission:
Ambassador John P. BOJANG

chancery:
Suite 1000, 1155 15th Street NW, Washington, DC 20005

telephone:
[1] (202) 785-1399

FAX:
[1] (202) 785-1430
chief of mission: Ambassador (vacant); Charge D'Affaires Lena Manga Sagnia SECK


chancery: Suite 905, 1156 15th Street NW, Washington, DC 20005


telephone: [1] (202) 785-1379


FAX: [1] (202) 785-1430
Disputes - international none none
Economic aid - recipient $45.4 million (1995) $45.4 million (1995)
Economy - overview The Gambia has no important mineral or other natural resources and has a limited agricultural base. About 75% of the population depends on crops and livestock for its livelihood. Small-scale manufacturing activity features the processing of peanuts, fish, and hides. Reexport trade normally constitutes a major segment of economic activity, but a 1999 government-imposed preshipment inspection plan, instability of the Gambian dalasi, and the stable political situation in Senegal have drawn some of the reexport trade away from Banjul. The government's 1998 seizure of the private peanut firm Alimenta eliminated the largest purchaser of Gambian groundnuts; the following two marketing seasons have seen significantly lower prices and sales. A decline in tourism from 1999 to 2000 has also held back growth. Unemployment and underemployment rates are extremely high. Shortrun economic progress remains highly dependent on sustained bilateral and multilateral aid, on responsible government economic management as forwarded by IMF technical help and advice, and on expected growth in the construction sector. The Gambia has no important mineral or other natural resources and has a limited agricultural base. About 75% of the population depends on crops and livestock for its livelihood. Small-scale manufacturing activity features the processing of peanuts, fish, and hides. Reexport trade normally constitutes a major segment of economic activity, but a 1999 government-imposed preshipment inspection plan, and instability of the Gambian dalasi (currency) have drawn some of the reexport trade away from The Gambia. The government's 1998 seizure of the private peanut firm Alimenta eliminated the largest purchaser of Gambian groundnuts; the following two marketing seasons have seen substantially lower prices and sales. A decline in tourism in 2000 has also held back growth. Unemployment and underemployment rates are extremely high. Shortrun economic progress remains highly dependent on sustained bilateral and multilateral aid, on responsible government economic management as forwarded by IMF technical help and advice, and on expected growth in the construction sector.
Electricity - consumption 69.8 million kWh (1999) 79.36 million kWh (2001)
Electricity - exports 0 kWh (1999) 0 kWh (2001)
Electricity - imports 0 kWh (1999) 0 kWh (2001)
Electricity - production 75 million kWh (1999) 85.33 million kWh (2001)
Electricity - production by source fossil fuel:
100%

hydro:
0%

nuclear:
0%

other:
0% (1999)
fossil fuel: 100%


hydro: 0%


nuclear: 0%


other: 0% (2001)
Elevation extremes lowest point:
Atlantic Ocean 0 m

highest point:
unnamed location 53 m
lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m


highest point: unnamed location 53 m
Environment - current issues deforestation; desertification; water-borne diseases prevalent deforestation; desertification; water-borne diseases prevalent
Environment - international agreements party to:
Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands

signed, but not ratified:
none of the selected agreements
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands


signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Ethnic groups African 99% (Mandinka 42%, Fula 18%, Wolof 16%, Jola 10%, Serahuli 9%, other 4%), non-African 1% African 99% (Mandinka 42%, Fula 18%, Wolof 16%, Jola 10%, Serahuli 9%, other 4%), non-African 1%
Exchange rates dalasi per US dollar - 15.000 (January 2001), 12.729 (3d quarter 1999), 11.395 (1999), 10.643 (1998), 10.200 (1997), 9.789 (1996) dalasi per US dollar - NA (2002), 15.69 (2001), 12.79 (2000), 11.4 (1999), 10.64 (1998)
Executive branch chief of state:
President Yahya A. J. J. JAMMEH (since 18 October 1996); Vice President Isatou Njie SAIDY (since 20 March 1997); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government

head of government:
President Yahya A. J. J. JAMMEH (since 18 October 1996); Vice President Isatou Njie SAIDY (since 20 March 1997); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government

cabinet:
Cabinet is appointed by the president

elections:
the president is elected by popular vote for a five-year term; the number of terms is not restricted; election last held 26 September 1996 (next to be held NA October 2001)

election results:
Yahya A. J. J. JAMMEH elected president; percent of vote - Yahya A. J. J. JAMMEH 55.8%, Ousainou DARBOE 35.8%
chief of state: President Yahya A. J. J. JAMMEH (since 18 October 1996; note - from 1994 to 1996 he was Chairman of the Junta); Vice President Isatou Njie SAIDY (since 20 March 1997); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government


head of government: President Yahya A. J. J. JAMMEH (since 18 October 1996; note - from 1994 to 1996 was he Chairman of the Junta); Vice President Isatou Njie SAIDY (since 20 March 1997); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government


cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president


elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; the number of terms is not restricted; election last held 18 October 2001 (next to be held NA October 2006)


election results: Yahya A. J. J. JAMMEH reelected president; percent of vote - Yahya A. J. J. JAMMEH 52.9%, Ousainou DARBOE 32.7%
Exports $125.8 million (f.o.b., 1999) NA (2001)
Exports - commodities peanuts and peanut products, fish, cotton lint, palm kernels peanut products, fish, cotton lint, palm kernels, re-exports
Exports - partners Benelux 59%, Japan 20%, UK 7%, Spain 2% (1999) France 21.9%, UK 19.1%, Malaysia 11.8%, Italy 11.1%, Germany 7.3%, Belgium 6.3%, South Africa 4.2% (2002)
Fiscal year calendar year calendar year
Flag description three equal horizontal bands of red (top), blue with white edges, and green three equal horizontal bands of red (top), blue with white edges, and green
GDP purchasing power parity - $1.5 billion (2000 est.) purchasing power parity - $2.582 billion (2002 est.)
GDP - composition by sector agriculture:
21%

industry:
12%

services:
67% (1998 est.)
agriculture: 33%


industry: 13%


services: 54% (1999 est.)
GDP - per capita purchasing power parity - $1,100 (2000 est.) purchasing power parity - $1,800 (2002 est.)
GDP - real growth rate 4.9% (2000 est.) 5.7% (2001 est.)
Geographic coordinates 13 28 N, 16 34 W 13 28 N, 16 34 W
Geography - note almost an enclave of Senegal; smallest country on the continent of Africa almost an enclave of Senegal; smallest country on the continent of Africa
Highways total:
2,700 km

paved:
956 km

unpaved:
1,744 km (1996)
total: 2,700 km


paved: 956 km


unpaved: 1,744 km (1999)
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%:
NA%

highest 10%:
NA%
lowest 10%: NA%


highest 10%: NA%
Imports $202.5 million (f.o.b., 1999) NA (2001)
Imports - commodities foodstuffs, manufactures, fuel, machinery and transport equipment foodstuffs, manufactures, fuel, machinery and transport equipment
Imports - partners China (including Hong Kong) 49%, UK 15%, Netherlands 11.6%, Brazil 10%, Senegal 10% (1997) China 21.8%, Senegal 8.9%, Brazil 7.8%, UK 6.5%, Netherlands 5.4%, India 4.9%, Belgium 4.5%, Hong Kong 4.1% (2002)
Independence 18 February 1965 (from UK) 18 February 1965 (from UK)
Industrial production growth rate NA% NA%
Industries processing peanuts, fish, and hides; tourism; beverages; agricultural machinery assembly, woodworking, metalworking; clothing processing peanuts, fish, and hides; tourism; beverages; agricultural machinery assembly, woodworking, metalworking; clothing
Infant mortality rate 77.84 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.) total: 74.93 deaths/1,000 live births


male: 81.67 deaths/1,000 live births


female: 68 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 3.4% (2000 est.) 5.5% (2002 est.)
International organization participation ACP, AfDB, C, CCC, ECA, ECOWAS, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Intelsat (nonsignatory user), Interpol, IOC, ITU, NAM, OAU, OIC, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNMEE, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO ACP, AfDB, C, ECA, ECOWAS, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ITU, NAM, OAU, OIC, OPCW, UN, UNAMSIL, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNMEE, UPU, WCL, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) 2 (2001) 2 (2001)
Irrigated land 150 sq km (1993 est.) 20 sq km (1998 est.)
Judicial branch Supreme Court Supreme Court
Labor force 400,000 400,000
Labor force - by occupation agriculture 75%, industry, commerce, and services 19%, government 6% agriculture 75%, industry, commerce, and services 19%, government 6%
Land boundaries total:
740 km

border countries:
Senegal 740 km
total: 740 km


border countries: Senegal 740 km
Land use arable land:
18%

permanent crops:
0%

permanent pastures:
9%

forests and woodland:
28%

other:
45% (1993 est.)
arable land: 19.5%


permanent crops: 0.5%


other: 80% (1998 est.)
Languages English (official), Mandinka, Wolof, Fula, other indigenous vernaculars English (official), Mandinka, Wolof, Fula, other indigenous vernaculars
Legal system based on a composite of English common law, Koranic law, and customary law; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations based on a composite of English common law, Koranic law, and customary law; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations
Legislative branch unicameral National Assembly (49 seats; 45 elected by popular vote, 4 appointed by the president; members serve five-year terms)

elections:
last popular election held 2 January 1997 (next to be held NA January 2002)

election results:
percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - APRC 33, UDP 7, NRP 2, PDOIS 1, independents 2
unicameral National Assembly (53 seats; 48 elected by popular vote, five appointed by the president; members serve five-year terms)


elections: last held 17 January 2002 (next to be held NA January 2007)


election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - APRC 45, PDOIS 2, NRP 1,
Life expectancy at birth total population:
53.59 years

male:
51.65 years

female:
55.58 years (2001 est.)
total population: 54.38 years


male: 52.39 years


female: 56.44 years (2003 est.)
Literacy definition:
age 15 and over can read and write

total population:
47.5%

male:
58.4%

female:
37.1% (2001 est.)
definition: age 15 and over can read and write


total population: 40.1%


male: 47.8%


female: 32.8% (2003 est.)
Location Western Africa, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean and Senegal Western Africa, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean and Senegal
Map references Africa Africa
Maritime claims contiguous zone:
18 NM

continental shelf:
not specified

exclusive fishing zone:
200 NM

territorial sea:
12 NM
contiguous zone: 18 NM


continental shelf: not specified


exclusive fishing zone: 200 NM


territorial sea: 12 NM
Merchant marine none (2000 est.) none (2002 est.)
Military branches Army (includes marine unit), National Police, Presidential Guard Gambian National Army (GNA) (includes marine unit), National Police, Presidential Guard
Military expenditures - dollar figure $2.6 million (2001 est.) $1.2 million (FY02)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP 2% (FY96/97) 0.3% (FY02)
Military manpower - availability males age 15-49:
316,873 (2001 est.)
males age 15-49: 338,800 (2003 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service males age 15-49:
159,764 (2001 est.)
males age 15-49: 170,904 (2003 est.)
National holiday Independence Day, 18 February (1965) Independence Day, 18 February (1965)
Nationality noun:
Gambian(s)

adjective:
Gambian
noun: Gambian(s)


adjective: Gambian
Natural hazards drought (rainfall has dropped by 30% in the last 30 years) drought (rainfall has dropped by 30% in the last 30 years)
Natural resources fish fish
Net migration rate 2.59 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.) 1.89 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Political parties and leaders Alliance for Patriotic Reorientation and Construction or APRC [Yahya A. J. J. JAMMEH]; National Reconciliation Party or NRP [Hamat N. K. BAH]; People's Democratic Organization for Independence and Socialism or PDOIS [Sidia JATTA]; United Democratic Party or UDP [Ousainou DARBOE]

note:
in August 1996 the government banned the following from participation in the elections of 1996: People's Progressive Party or PPP [former President Dawda K. JAWARA (in exile)], and two opposition parties - the National Convention Party or NCP [former Vice President Sheriff DIBBA] and the Gambian People's Party or GPP [Hassan Musa CAMARA]
Alliance for Patriotic Reorientation and Construction or APRC [Yahya A. J. J. JAMMEH]; Gambian People's Party-Progressive People's Party-United Democratic Party or GPP-PPP-UDP Coalition [Ousainou DARBOE]; National Convention Party or NCP [Sheriff DIBBA]; National Reconciliation Party or NRP [Hamat N. K. BAH]; People's Democratic Organization for Independence and Socialism or PDOIS [Sidia JATTA]


note: in August 2001, an independent electoral commission allowed the reregistration of the GPP, NCP, and PPP, three parties banned since 1996
Political pressure groups and leaders NA NA
Population 1,411,205 (July 2001 est.) 1,501,050 (July 2003 est.)
Population below poverty line NA% NA%
Population growth rate 3.14% (2001 est.) 3.03% (2003 est.)
Ports and harbors Banjul Banjul
Radio broadcast stations AM 3, FM 5, shortwave 0 (2000) AM 3, FM 2, shortwave 0 (2001)
Radios 196,000 (1997) -
Railways 0 km 0 km
Religions Muslim 90%, Christian 9%, indigenous beliefs 1% Muslim 90%, Christian 9%, indigenous beliefs 1%
Sex ratio at birth:
1.03 male(s)/female

under 15 years:
1.01 male(s)/female

15-64 years:
0.98 male(s)/female

65 years and over:
1.1 male(s)/female

total population:
1 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.01 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 0.98 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 1.08 male(s)/female


total population: 1 male(s)/female (2003 est.)
Suffrage 18 years of age; universal 18 years of age; universal
Telephone system general assessment:
adequate; a packet switched data network is available

domestic:
adequate network of microwave radio relay and open wire

international:
microwave radio relay links to Senegal and Guinea-Bissau; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)
general assessment: adequate; a packet switched data network is available


domestic: adequate network of microwave radio relay and open-wire


international: microwave radio relay links to Senegal and Guinea-Bissau; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)
Telephones - main lines in use 31,900 (2000) 31,900 (2000)
Telephones - mobile cellular 5,624 (2000) 5,624 (2000)
Television broadcast stations 1 (government-owned) (1997) 1 (government-owned) (1997)
Terrain flood plain of the Gambia river flanked by some low hills flood plain of the Gambia River flanked by some low hills
Total fertility rate 5.68 children born/woman (2001 est.) 5.53 children born/woman (2003 est.)
Unemployment rate NA% NA%
Waterways 400 km 400 km
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