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 Dominica (2001)Dominica (2008)
 DominicaDominica
Administrative divisions 10 parishes; Saint Andrew, Saint David, Saint George, Saint John, Saint Joseph, Saint Luke, Saint Mark, Saint Patrick, Saint Paul, Saint Peter 10 parishes; Saint Andrew, Saint David, Saint George, Saint John, Saint Joseph, Saint Luke, Saint Mark, Saint Patrick, Saint Paul, Saint Peter
Age structure 0-14 years:
28.72% (male 10,300; female 10,027)

15-64 years:
63.45% (male 23,056; female 21,855)

65 years and over:
7.83% (male 2,267; female 3,281) (2001 est.)
0-14 years: 25.6% (male 9,481/female 9,048)


15-64 years: 64.2% (male 23,822/female 22,656)


65 years and over: 10.2% (male 3,165/female 4,214) (2007 est.)
Agriculture - products bananas, citrus, mangoes, root crops, coconuts, cocoa; forest and fishery potential not exploited bananas, citrus, mangoes, root crops, coconuts, cocoa; forest and fishery potential not exploited
Airports 2 (2000 est.) 2 (2007)
Airports - with paved runways total:
2

914 to 1,523 m:
2 (2000 est.)
total: 2


914 to 1,523 m: 2 (2007)
Area total:
754 sq km

land:
754 sq km

water:
0 sq km
total: 754 sq km


land: 754 sq km


water: 0 sq km
Area - comparative slightly more than four times the size of Washington, DC slightly more than four times the size of Washington, DC
Background Dominica was the last of the Caribbean islands to be colonized by Europeans, due chiefly to the fierce resistance of the native Caribs. France ceded possession to Great Britain in 1763, which made the island a colony in 1805. In 1980, two years after independence, Dominica's fortunes improved when a corrupt and tyrannical administration was replaced by that of Mary Eugenia CHARLES, the first female prime minister in the Caribbean, who remained in office for 15 years. Dominica was the last of the Caribbean islands to be colonized by Europeans due chiefly to the fierce resistance of the native Caribs. France ceded possession to Great Britain in 1763, which made the island a colony in 1805. In 1980, two years after independence, Dominica's fortunes improved when a corrupt and tyrannical administration was replaced by that of Mary Eugenia CHARLES, the first female prime minister in the Caribbean, who remained in office for 15 years. Some 3,000 Carib Indians still living on Dominica are the only pre-Columbian population remaining in the eastern Caribbean.
Birth rate 17.81 births/1,000 population (2001 est.) 15.75 births/1,000 population (2007 est.)
Budget revenues:
$72 million

expenditures:
$79.9 million, including capital expenditures of $11.5 million (FY97/98)
revenues: $73.9 million


expenditures: $84.4 million (2001)
Capital Roseau name: Roseau


geographic coordinates: 15 18 N, 61 24 W


time difference: UTC-4 (1 hour ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)
Climate tropical; moderated by northeast trade winds; heavy rainfall tropical; moderated by northeast trade winds; heavy rainfall
Coastline 148 km 148 km
Constitution 3 November 1978 3 November 1978
Country name conventional long form:
Commonwealth of Dominica

conventional short form:
Dominica
conventional long form: Commonwealth of Dominica


conventional short form: Dominica
Currency East Caribbean dollar (XCD) -
Death rate 7.19 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.) 8.44 deaths/1,000 population (2007 est.)
Debt - external $108.9 million (1999) $213 million (2004)
Diplomatic representation from the US the US does not have an embassy in Dominica; US interests are served by the embassy in Bridgetown, Barbados the US does not have an embassy in Dominica; the US Ambassador to Barbados is accredited to Dominica
Diplomatic representation in the US chief of mission:
Ambassador Nicholas J. O. LIVERPOOL (resident in Dominica)

chancery:
3216 New Mexico Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20016

telephone:
[1] (202) 364-6781

FAX:
[1] (202) 364-6791

consulate(s) general:
New York
chief of mission: vacant


chancery: 3216 New Mexico Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20016


telephone: [1] (202) 364-6781


FAX: [1] (202) 364-6791


consulate(s) general: New York
Disputes - international none Dominica is the only Caribbean state to challenge Venezuela's sovereignty claim over Aves Island and joins the other island nations in challenging whether the feature sustains human habitation, a criterion under the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), which permits Venezuela to extend its Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) and continental shelf claims over a large portion of the eastern Caribbean Sea
Economic aid - recipient $24.4 million (1995) $15.17 million (2005 est.)
Economy - overview The economy depends on agriculture and is highly vulnerable to climatic conditions, notably tropical storms. Agriculture, primarily bananas, accounts for 21% of GDP and employs 40% of the labor force. Development of the tourist industry remains difficult because of the rugged coastline, lack of beaches, and the lack of an international airport. Hurricane Luis devastated the country's banana crop in September 1995; tropical storms had wiped out one-quarter of the crop in 1994 as well. The subsequent recovery has been fueled by increases in construction, soap production, and tourist arrivals. The government is attempting to develop an offshore financial industry in order to diversify the island's production base. The Dominican economy depends on agriculture, primarily bananas, and remains highly vulnerable to climatic conditions and international economic developments. Tourism has increased as the government seeks to promote Dominica as an "ecotourism" destination. Development of the tourism industry remains difficult, however, because of the rugged coastline, lack of beaches, and the absence of an international airport. In 2003, the government began a comprehensive restructuring of the economy - including elimination of price controls, privatization of the state banana company, and tax increases - to address Dominica's economic and financial crisis of 2001-02 and to meet IMF targets. This restructuring paved the way for the current economic recovery - real growth for 2006 reached a two-decade high - and will help to reduce the debt burden, which remains at about 100% of GDP. In order to diversify the island's production base, the government is attempting to develop an offshore financial sector and is planning to construct an oil refinery on the eastern part of the island.
Electricity - consumption 57.7 million kWh (1999) 74.4 million kWh (2005)
Electricity - exports 0 kWh (1999) 0 kWh (2005)
Electricity - imports 0 kWh (1999) 0 kWh (2005)
Electricity - production 62 million kWh (1999) 80 million kWh (2005)
Electricity - production by source fossil fuel:
48.39%

hydro:
51.61%

nuclear:
0%

other:
0% (1999)
-
Elevation extremes lowest point:
Caribbean Sea 0 m

highest point:
Morne Diablatins 1,447 m
lowest point: Caribbean Sea 0 m


highest point: Morne Diablatins 1,447 m
Environment - current issues NA NA
Environment - international agreements party to:
Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Whaling

signed, but not ratified:
none of the selected agreements
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Whaling


signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Ethnic groups black, Carib Amerindian black 86.8%, mixed 8.9%, Carib Amerindian 2.9%, white 0.8%, other 0.7% (2001 census)
Exchange rates East Caribbean dollars per US dollar - 2.7000 (fixed rate since 1976) East Caribbean dollars per US dollar - 2.7 (2007), 2.7 (2006), 2.7 (2005), 2.7 (2004), 2.7 (2003)
Executive branch chief of state:
President Vernon Lordon SHAW (since 6 October 1998)

head of government:
Prime Minister Pierre CHARLES (since 1 October 2000); note - assumed post after death of Roosevelt DOUGLAS

cabinet:
Cabinet appointed by the president on the advice of the prime minister

elections:
president elected by the House of Assembly for a five-year term; election last held 6 October 1998 (next to be held NA October 2003); prime minister appointed by the president

election results:
Vernon Lordon SHAW elected president; percent of legislative vote - NA%
chief of state: President Nicholas J. O. LIVERPOOL (since October 2003)


head of government: Prime Minister Roosevelt SKERRIT (since 8 January 2004)


cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president on the advice of the prime minister


elections: president elected by the House of Assembly for a five-year term; election last held 1 October 2003 (next to be held in October 2008); prime minister appointed by the president


election results: Nicholas LIVERPOOL elected president; percent of legislative vote - NA%
Exports $60.7 million (2000 est.) 0 bbl/day (2004)
Exports - commodities bananas, soap, bay oil, vegetables, grapefruit, oranges bananas, soap, bay oil, vegetables, grapefruit, oranges
Exports - partners Caricom countries 47%, UK 36%, US 7% (1996 est.) UK 24.8%, Jamaica 12.3%, Antigua and Barbuda 9.8%, Guyana 8.3%, China 7.9%, Trinidad and Tobago 5.4%, Saint Lucia 4.5% (2006)
Fiscal year 1 July - 30 June 1 July - 30 June
Flag description green, with a centered cross of three equal bands - the vertical part is yellow (hoist side), black, and white and the horizontal part is yellow (top), black, and white; superimposed in the center of the cross is a red disk bearing a sisserou parrot encircled by 10 green, five-pointed stars edged in yellow; the 10 stars represent the 10 administrative divisions (parishes) green, with a centered cross of three equal bands - the vertical part is yellow (hoist side), black, and white and the horizontal part is yellow (top), black, and white; superimposed in the center of the cross is a red disk bearing a sisserou parrot encircled by 10 green, five-pointed stars edged in yellow; the 10 stars represent the 10 administrative divisions (parishes)
GDP purchasing power parity - $290 million (2000 est.) -
GDP - composition by sector agriculture:
21%

industry:
16%

services:
63% (1999 est.)
agriculture: 17.7%


industry: 32.8%


services: 49.5% (2004 est.)
GDP - per capita purchasing power parity - $4,000 (2000 est.) -
GDP - real growth rate 0.5% (2000 est.) 3.2% (2007 est.)
Geographic coordinates 15 25 N, 61 20 W 15 25 N, 61 20 W
Geography - note - known as "The Nature Island of the Caribbean" due to its spectacular, lush, and varied flora and fauna, which are protected by an extensive natural park system; the most mountainous of the Lesser Antilles, its volcanic peaks are cones of lava craters and include Boiling Lake, the second-largest, thermally active lake in the world
Highways total:
750 km

paved:
375 km

unpaved:
375 km (2001)
-
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%:
NA%

highest 10%:
NA%
lowest 10%: NA%


highest 10%: NA%
Illicit drugs transshipment point for narcotics bound for the US and Europe; minor cannabis producer; banking industry is vulnerable to money laundering transshipment point for narcotics bound for the US and Europe; minor cannabis producer; anti-money-laundering enforcement is weak, making the country particularly vulnerable to money laundering
Imports $126 million (2000 est.) 771.8 bbl/day (2004)
Imports - commodities manufactured goods, machinery and equipment, food, chemicals manufactured goods, machinery and equipment, food, chemicals
Imports - partners US 41%, Caricom countries 25%, UK 13%, Netherlands, Canada (1996 est.) US 25.3%, China 22.7%, Trinidad and Tobago 13.8%, South Korea 4.8% (2006)
Independence 3 November 1978 (from UK) 3 November 1978 (from UK)
Industrial production growth rate -10% (1997 est.) -10% (1997 est.)
Industries soap, coconut oil, tourism, copra, furniture, cement blocks, shoes soap, coconut oil, tourism, copra, furniture, cement blocks, shoes
Infant mortality rate 16.54 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.) total: 14.61 deaths/1,000 live births


male: 19.68 deaths/1,000 live births


female: 9.29 deaths/1,000 live births (2007 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2.5% (2000 est.) -0.1% (2005 est.)
International organization participation ACCT, ACP, C, Caricom, CDB, ECLAC, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, ITU, NAM (observer), OAS, OECS, OPANAL, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTrO ACCT, ACP, C, Caricom, CDB, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, ISO (subscriber), ITU, ITUC, MIGA, NAM, OAS, OECS, OIF, OPANAL, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) 16 (2000) -
Irrigated land NA sq km NA
Judicial branch Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court, consisting of the Court of Appeal and the High Court (located in Saint Lucia; one of the six judges must reside in Dominica and preside over the Court of Summary Jurisdiction) Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court, consisting of the Court of Appeal and the High Court (located in Saint Lucia; one of the six judges must reside in Dominica and preside over the Court of Summary Jurisdiction)
Labor force 25,000 25,000 (2000 est.)
Labor force - by occupation agriculture 40%, industry and commerce 32%, services 28% agriculture: 40%


industry: 32%


services: 28% (2000 est.)
Land boundaries 0 km 0 km
Land use arable land:
9%

permanent crops:
13%

permanent pastures:
3%

forests and woodland:
67%

other:
8% (1993 est.)
arable land: 6.67%


permanent crops: 21.33%


other: 72% (2005)
Languages English (official), French patois English (official), French patois
Legal system based on English common law based on English common law
Legislative branch unicameral House of Assembly (30 seats, 9 appointed senators, 21 elected by popular vote; members serve five-year terms)

elections:
last held 31 January 2000 (next to be held by NA 2005)

election results:
percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party -DLP 11, UWP 8, DFP 2
unicameral House of Assembly (30 seats; 9 members appointed, 21 elected by popular vote; to serve five-year terms)


elections: last held 5 May 2005 (next to be held by 5 August 2010); note - tradition dictates that the election will be held within five years of the last election, but technically it is five years from the first seating of parliament (12 May 2005) plus a 90-day grace period


election results: percent of vote by party - DLP 52.1%, UWP 43.6%, DFP 3.2%, other 1.1%; seats by party - DLP 12, UWP 8, independent 1
Life expectancy at birth total population:
73.6 years

male:
70.74 years

female:
76.61 years (2001 est.)
total population: 75.1 years


male: 72.17 years


female: 78.18 years (2007 est.)
Literacy definition:
age 15 and over has ever attended school

total population:
94%

male:
94%

female:
94% (1970 est.)
definition: age 15 and over has ever attended school


total population: 94%


male: 94%


female: 94% (2003 est.)
Location Caribbean, island between the Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, about one-half of the way from Puerto Rico to Trinidad and Tobago Caribbean, island between the Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, about one-half of the way from Puerto Rico to Trinidad and Tobago
Map references Central America and the Caribbean Central America and the Caribbean
Maritime claims contiguous zone:
24 NM

exclusive economic zone:
200 NM

territorial sea:
12 NM
territorial sea: 12 nm


contiguous zone: 24 nm


exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
Merchant marine none (2000 est.) total: 53 ships (1000 GRT or over) 716,435 GRT/1,252,537 DWT


by type: bulk carrier 9, cargo 30, chemical tanker 2, container 1, petroleum tanker 7, refrigerated cargo 2, roll on/roll off 1, vehicle carrier 1


foreign-owned: 50 (Estonia 8, Greece 8, India 2, Latvia 2, Lebanon 1, Norway 1, NZ 3, Russia 2, Saudi Arabia 1, Singapore 8, Syria 2, Turkey 9, Ukraine 3) (2007)
Military branches Commonwealth of Dominica Police Force (includes Special Service Unit, Coast Guard) no regular military forces; Commonwealth of Dominica Police Force (includes coast guard) (2006)
Military expenditures - dollar figure $NA -
Military expenditures - percent of GDP NA% NA (2006)
National holiday Independence Day, 3 November (1978) Independence Day, 3 November (1978)
Nationality noun:
Dominican(s)

adjective:
Dominican
noun: Dominican(s)


adjective: Dominican
Natural hazards flash floods are a constant threat; destructive hurricanes can be expected during the late summer months flash floods are a constant threat; destructive hurricanes can be expected during the late summer months
Natural resources timber, hydropower, arable land timber, hydropower, arable land
Net migration rate -20.37 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.) -5.47 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2007 est.)
Political parties and leaders Dominica Freedom Party or DFP [Charles SAVARIN]; Dominica Labor Party or DLP [Pierre CHARLES]; United Workers Party or UWP [Edison JAMES] Dominica Freedom Party or DFP [Charles SAVARIN]; Dominica Labor Party or DLP [Roosevelt SKERRIT]; Dominica United Workers Party or UWP [Earl WILLIAMS]
Political pressure groups and leaders Dominica Liberation Movement or DLM (a small leftist party) Dominica Liberation Movement or DLM (a small leftist party)
Population 70,786 (July 2001 est.) 72,386 (July 2007 est.)
Population below poverty line NA% 30% (2002 est.)
Population growth rate -0.98% (2001 est.) 0.184% (2007 est.)
Ports and harbors Portsmouth, Roseau -
Radio broadcast stations AM 3, FM 10, shortwave 0 (1998) AM 2, FM 4, shortwave 0 (2003)
Radios 46,000 (1997) -
Railways 0 km -
Religions Roman Catholic 77%, Protestant 15% (Methodist 5%, Pentecostal 3%, Seventh-Day Adventist 3%, Baptist 2%, other 2%), none 2%, other 6% Roman Catholic 61.4%, Seventh Day Adventist 6%, Pentecostal 5.6%, Baptist 4.1%, Methodist 3.7%, Church of God 1.2%, Jehovah's Witnesses 1.2%, other Christian 7.7%, Rastafarian 1.3%, other or unspecified 1.6%, none 6.1% (2001 census)
Sex ratio at birth:
1.05 male(s)/female

under 15 years:
1.03 male(s)/female

15-64 years:
1.05 male(s)/female

65 years and over:
0.69 male(s)/female

total population:
1.01 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.048 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 1.051 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.751 male(s)/female


total population: 1.015 male(s)/female (2007 est.)
Suffrage 18 years of age; universal 18 years of age; universal
Telephone system general assessment:
NA

domestic:
fully automatic network

international:
microwave radio relay and SHF radiotelephone links to Martinique and Guadeloupe; VHF and UHF radiotelephone links to Saint Lucia
general assessment: NA


domestic: fully automatic network


international: country code - 1-767; landing point for the East Caribbean Fiber Optic System (ECFS) submarine cable with links to 13 other islands in the eastern Caribbean extending from the British Virgin Islands to Trinidad; microwave radio relay and SHF radiotelephone links to Martinique and Guadeloupe; VHF and UHF radiotelephone links to Saint Lucia
Telephones - main lines in use 19,000 (1996) 21,000 (2004)
Telephones - mobile cellular 461 (1996) 41,800 (2004)
Television broadcast stations 0 (however, there is one cable television company) (1997) 1 (2004)
Terrain rugged mountains of volcanic origin rugged mountains of volcanic origin
Total fertility rate 2.03 children born/woman (2001 est.) 2.12 children born/woman (2007 est.)
Unemployment rate 20% (1999 est.) 23% (2000 est.)
Waterways none -
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