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Compare Denmark (2001) - Bahrain (2005)

Compare Denmark (2001) z Bahrain (2005)

 Denmark (2001)Bahrain (2005)
 DenmarkBahrain
Administrative divisions metropolitan Denmark - 14 counties (amter, singular - amt) and 2 kommunes*; Arhus, Bornholm, Fredericksberg*, Frederiksborg, Fyn, Kobenhavn, Kobenhavns*, Nordjylland, Ribe, Ringkobing, Roskilde, Sonderjylland, Storstrom, Vejle, Vestsjalland, Viborg

note:
see separate entries for the Faroe Islands and Greenland, which are part of the Kingdom of Denmark and are self-governing administrative divisions
12 municipalities (manatiq, singular - mintaqah); Al Hadd, Al Manamah, Al Mintaqah al Gharbiyah, Al Mintaqah al Wusta, Al Mintaqah ash Shamaliyah, Al Muharraq, Ar Rifa' wa al Mintaqah al Janubiyah, Jidd Hafs, Madinat Hamad, Madinat 'Isa, Juzur Hawar, Sitrah


note: all municipalities administered from Manama
Age structure 0-14 years:
18.59% (male 510,826; female 484,385)

15-64 years:
66.56% (male 1,804,617; female 1,758,019)

65 years and over:
14.85% (male 331,906; female 463,062) (2001 est.)
0-14 years: 27.8% (male 96,807/female 94,863)


15-64 years: 68.7% (male 275,792/female 197,424)


65 years and over: 3.4% (male 12,078/female 11,381) (2005 est.)
Agriculture - products grain, potatoes, rape, sugar beets; pork and beef, dairy products; fish fruit, vegetables; poultry, dairy products; shrimp, fish
Airports 119 (2000 est.) 4 (2004 est.)
Airports - with paved runways total:
28

over 3,047 m:
2

2,438 to 3,047 m:
7

1,524 to 2,437 m:
4

914 to 1,523 m:
12

under 914 m:
3 (2000 est.)
total: 3


over 3,047 m: 2


1524 to 2437 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Airports - with unpaved runways total:
91

1,524 to 2,437 m:
1

914 to 1,523 m:
7

under 914 m:
83 (2000 est.)
total: 1


1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Area total:
43,094 sq km

land:
42,394 sq km

water:
700 sq km

note:
includes the island of Bornholm in the Baltic Sea and the rest of metropolitan Denmark (the Jutland Peninsula, and the major islands of Sjaeland and Fyn), but excludes the Faroe Islands and Greenland
total: 665 sq km


land: 665 sq km


water: 0 sq km
Area - comparative slightly less than twice the size of Massachusetts 3.5 times the size of Washington, DC
Background Once the seat of Viking raiders and later a major north European power, Denmark has evolved into a modern, prosperous nation that is participating in the political and economic integration of Europe. So far, however, the country has opted out of some aspects of the European Union's Maastricht Treaty, including the economic and monetary system (EMU) and issues concerning certain internal affairs. Bahrain's small size and central location among Persian Gulf countries require it to play a delicate balancing act in foreign affairs among its larger neighbors. Facing declining oil reserves, Bahrain has turned to petroleum processing and refining and has transformed itself into an international banking center. The new amir, installed in 1999, has pushed economic and political reforms and has worked to improve relations with the Shi'a community. In February 2001, Bahraini voters approved a referendum on the National Action Charter - the centerpiece of the amir's political liberalization program. In February 2002, Amir HAMAD bin Isa Al Khalifa proclaimed himself king. In October 2002, Bahrainis elected members of the lower house of Bahrain's reconstituted bicameral legislature, the National Assembly.
Birth rate 11.96 births/1,000 population (2001 est.) 18.1 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Budget revenues:
$52.9 billion

expenditures:
$51.3 billion, including capital expenditures of $500 million (2001 est.)
revenues: $3.825 billion


expenditures: $3.262 billion, including capital expenditures of $700 million (2004 est.)
Capital Copenhagen Manama
Climate temperate; humid and overcast; mild, windy winters and cool summers arid; mild, pleasant winters; very hot, humid summers
Coastline 7,314 km 161 km
Constitution 1849 was the original constitution; there was a major overhaul 5 June 1953, allowing for a unicameral legislature and a female chief of state new constitution 14 February 2002
Country name conventional long form:
Kingdom of Denmark

conventional short form:
Denmark

local long form:
Kongeriget Danmark

local short form:
Danmark
conventional long form: Kingdom of Bahrain


conventional short form: Bahrain


local long form: Mamlakat al Bahrayn


local short form: Al Bahrayn


former: Dilmun
Currency Danish krone (DKK) -
Death rate 10.9 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.) 4.08 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Debt - external $21.7 billion (2000) $6.215 billion (2004 est.)
Diplomatic representation from the US chief of mission:
Ambassador Stuart BERNSTEIN

embassy:
Dag Hammarskjolds Alle 24, 2100 Copenhagen

mailing address:
PSC 73, APO AE 09716

telephone:
[45] 35 55 31 44

FAX:
[45] 35 38 96 16
chief of mission: Ambassador William T. MONROE


embassy: Building #979, Road 3119 (next to Al-Ahli Sports Club), Block 331, Zinj District, Manama


mailing address: American Embassy Manama, PSC 451, FPO AE 09834-5100; international mail: American Embassy, Box 26431, Manama


telephone: [973] 1724-2700


FAX: [973] 1725-6242 (consular)
Diplomatic representation in the US chief of mission:
Ambassador Ulrik Andreas FEDERSPIEL

chancery:
3200 Whitehaven Street NW, Washington, DC 20008

telephone:
[1] (202) 234-4300

FAX:
[1] (202) 328-1470

consulate(s) general:
Chicago, Los Angeles, and New York
chief of mission: Ambassador Nasir al-BALUSHI


chancery: 3502 International Drive NW, Washington, DC 20008


telephone: [1] (202) 342-1111


FAX: [1] (202) 362-2192


consulate(s) general: New York
Disputes - international Rockall continental shelf dispute involving Iceland and the UK (Ireland and the UK have signed a boundary agreement in the Rockall area); dispute with Iceland over the Faroe Islands fisheries median line boundary within 200 NM; disputes with Iceland, the UK, and Ireland over the Faroe Islands continental shelf boundary outside 200 NM none
Economic aid - donor ODA, $1.63 billion (1999) -
Economic aid - recipient - $150 million; note - $50 million annually since 1992 from each of Saudi Arabia, UAE, and Kuwait (2002)
Economy - overview This thoroughly modern market economy features high-tech agriculture, up-to-date small-scale and corporate industry, extensive government welfare measures, comfortable living standards, and high dependence on foreign trade. Denmark is a net exporter of food and energy and has a comfortable balance of payments surplus. The center-left coalition government has reduced the formerly high unemployment rate and attained a budget surplus as well as followed the previous government's policies of maintaining low inflation and a stable currency. The coalition has lowered marginal income tax rates and raised environmental taxes thus maintaining overall tax revenues. Problems of bottlenecks, and longer term demographic changes reducing the labor force, are being addressed through labor market reforms. The government has been successful in meeting, and even exceeding, the economic convergence criteria for participating in the third phase (a common European currency) of the European Monetary Union (EMU), but Denmark, in a September 2000 referendum, reconfirmed its decision not to join the 11 other EU members in the euro. Even so, the Danish currency remains pegged to the euro. In well-to-do Bahrain, petroleum production and refining account for about 60% of export receipts, 60% of government revenues, and 30% of GDP. With its highly developed communication and transport facilities, Bahrain is home to numerous multinational firms with business in the Gulf. A large share of exports consist of petroleum products made from refining imported crude. Construction proceeds on several major industrial projects. Unemployment, especially among the young, and the depletion of oil and underground water resources are major long-term economic problems. In September 2004 Bahrain signed a Free Trade Agreement (FTA) with the United States - the first such agreement undertaken by a Gulf state. Both countries must ratify the FTA before it is enforced.
Electricity - consumption 32.916 billion kWh (1999) 6.379 billion kWh (2002)
Electricity - exports 7.28 billion kWh (1999) 0 kWh (2002)
Electricity - imports 4.963 billion kWh (1999) 0 kWh (2002)
Electricity - production 37.885 billion kWh (1999) 6.86 billion kWh (2002)
Electricity - production by source fossil fuel:
88.4%

hydro:
0.07%

nuclear:
0%

other:
11.53% (1999)
-
Elevation extremes lowest point:
Lammefjord -7 m

highest point:
Yding Skovhoej 173 m
lowest point: Persian Gulf 0 m


highest point: Jabal ad Dukhan 122 m
Environment - current issues air pollution, principally from vehicle and power plant emissions; nitrogen and phosphorus pollution of the North Sea; drinking and surface water becoming polluted from animal wastes and pesticides desertification resulting from the degradation of limited arable land, periods of drought, and dust storms; coastal degradation (damage to coastlines, coral reefs, and sea vegetation) resulting from oil spills and other discharges from large tankers, oil refineries, and distribution stations; lack of freshwater resources, groundwater and seawater are the only sources for all water needs
Environment - international agreements party to:
Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Sulphur 85, Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling

signed, but not ratified:
Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Law of the Sea
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands


signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Ethnic groups Scandinavian, Inuit, Faroese, German, Turkish, Iranian, Somali Bahraini 62.4%, non-Bahraini 37.6% (2001 census)
Exchange rates Danish kroner per US dollar - 7.951 (January 2001), 8.083 (2000), 6.976 (1999), 6.701 (1998), 6.604 (1997), 5.799 (1996); note - the Danes rejected the Euro in a 28 September 2000 referendum Bahraini dinars per US dollar - 0.376 (2004), 0.376 (2003), 0.376 (2002), 0.376 (2001), 0.376 (2000)
Executive branch chief of state:
Queen MARGRETHE II (since 14 January 1972); Heir Apparent Crown Prince FREDERIK, elder son of the monarch (born 26 May 1968)

head of government:
Prime Minister Poul Nyrup RASMUSSEN (since 25 January 1993)

cabinet:
Cabinet appointed by the prime minister and approved by Parliament

elections:
none; the monarch is hereditary; prime minister appointed by the monarch
chief of state: King HAMAD bin Isa al-Khalifa (since 6 March 1999); Heir Apparent Crown Prince SALMAN bin Hamad (son of the monarch, born 21 October 1969)


head of government: Prime Minister KHALIFA bin Salman al-Khalifa (since NA 1971)


cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the monarch


elections: none; the monarchy is hereditary; prime minister appointed by the monarch
Exports $50.8 billion (f.o.b., 2000) NA
Exports - commodities machinery and instruments, meat and meat products, dairy products, fish, chemicals, furniture, ships, windmills petroleum and petroleum products, aluminum, textiles
Exports - partners EU 66.5% (Germany 20.1%, Sweden 11.7%, UK 9.6%, France 5.3%, Netherlands 4.7%), Norway 5.8%, US 5.4% (1999) Saudi Arabia 3%, US 2.9%, UAE 2.2% (2004)
Fiscal year calendar year calendar year
Flag description red with a white cross that extends to the edges of the flag; the vertical part of the cross is shifted to the hoist side, and that design element of the Dannebrog (Danish flag) was subsequently adopted by the other Nordic countries of Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden red, the traditional color for flags of Persian Gulf states, with a white serrated band (five white points) on the hoist side; the five points represent the five pillars of Islam
GDP purchasing power parity - $136.2 billion (2000 est.) -
GDP - composition by sector agriculture:
3%

industry:
25%

services:
72% (2000 est.)
agriculture: 0.7%


industry: 41%


services: 58.4% (2004 est.)
GDP - per capita purchasing power parity - $25,500 (2000 est.) purchasing power parity - $19,200 (2004 est.)
GDP - real growth rate 2.8% (2000 est.) 5.6% (2004 est.)
Geographic coordinates 56 00 N, 10 00 E 26 00 N, 50 33 E
Geography - note controls Danish Straits (Skagerrak and Kattegat) linking Baltic and North Seas; about one-quarter of the population lives in greater Copenhagen close to primary Middle Eastern petroleum sources; strategic location in Persian Gulf, through which much of the Western world's petroleum must transit to reach open ocean
Heliports - 1 (2004 est.)
Highways total:
71,474 km

paved:
71,474 km (including 880 km of expressways)

unpaved:
0 km (1999)
total: 3,459 km


paved: 2,653 km


unpaved: 806 km (2002)
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%:
2%

highest 10%:
24% (2000 est.)
lowest 10%: NA


highest 10%: NA
Imports $43.6 billion (f.o.b., 2000) NA
Imports - commodities machinery and equipment, raw materials and semimanufactures for industry, chemicals, grain and foodstuffs, consumer goods crude oil, machinery, chemicals
Imports - partners EU 72.1% (Germany 21.6%, Sweden 12.4%, UK 8.0%, Netherlands 8.0%, France 5.8%), Norway 4.2%, US 4.5% (1999) Saudi Arabia 32.4%, Japan 7.3%, Germany 6.1%, US 5.6%, UK 5.4%, France 4.8% (2004)
Independence first organized as a unified state in 10th century; in 1849 became a constitutional monarchy 15 August 1971 (from UK)
Industrial production growth rate 3% (2000 est.) 2% (2000 est.)
Industries food processing, machinery and equipment, textiles and clothing, chemical products, electronics, construction, furniture, and other wood products, shipbuilding, windmills petroleum processing and refining, aluminum smelting, iron pelletization, fertilizers, offshore banking, ship repairing; tourism
Infant mortality rate 5.04 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.) total: 17.27 deaths/1,000 live births


male: 20.17 deaths/1,000 live births


female: 14.28 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2.9% (2000 est.) 2.1% (2004 est.)
International organization participation AfDB, AsDB, Australia Group, BIS, CBSS, CCC, CE, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, ECE, EIB, ESA, EU, FAO, G- 9, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Inmarsat, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, MONUC, NATO, NC, NEA, NIB, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OPCW, OSCE, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIKOM, UNMEE, UNMIBH, UNMIK, UNMOGIP, UNMOP, UNMOT, UNOMIG, UNTAET, UNTSO, UPU, WEU (observer), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTrO, ZC ABEDA, AFESD, AMF, ESCWA, FAO, G-77, GCC, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt (signatory), ICRM, IDB, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, ISO, ITU, LAS, MIGA, NAM, OAPEC, OIC, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) 13 (2000) -
Irrigated land 4,350 sq km (1993 est.) 50 sq km (1998 est.)
Judicial branch Supreme Court (judges are appointed by the monarch for life) High Civil Appeals Court
Labor force 2.856 million (2000 est.) 370,000


note: 44% of the population in the 15-64 age group is non-national (2004 est.)
Labor force - by occupation services 79%, industry 17%, agriculture 4% (2000 est.) agriculture 1%, industry, commerce, and services 79%, government 20% (1997 est.)
Land boundaries total:
68 km

border countries:
Germany 68 km
0 km
Land use arable land:
60%

permanent crops:
0%

permanent pastures:
5%

forests and woodland:
10%

other:
25% (1993 est.)
arable land: 2.82%


permanent crops: 5.63%


other: 91.55% (2001)
Languages Danish, Faroese, Greenlandic (an Inuit dialect), German (small minority)

note:
English is the predominant second language
Arabic, English, Farsi, Urdu
Legal system civil law system; judicial review of legislative acts; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations based on Islamic law and English common law
Legislative branch unicameral Parliament or Folketing (179 seats, including 2 from Greenland and 2 from the Faroe Islands; members are elected by popular vote on the basis of proportional representation to serve four-year terms)

elections:
last held 11 March 1998 (next to be held by March 2002)

election results:
percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - progovernment parties: Social Democratic Party 65, Socialist People's Party 13, Social Liberal Party 7, Red-Green Unity List 5; opposition: Liberal Party 43, Conservative Party 17, Danish People's Party 13, Center Democratic Party 8, Christian People's Party 4, Progress Party 4; seats by party as of 1 January 2001: government coalition parties - Social Democrats 63, Social Liberals 7; pro-government parties - Socialist People's Party 13, Unity List 5; opposition - Liberals 42, Conservatives 16, Danish People's Party 13, Center Democrats 8, Christian People's Party 4, Progress Party 4 (now named Freedom 2000); does not include the 4 overseas seats
bicameral Parliament consists of Shura Council (40 members appointed by the King) and House of Deputies (40 members directly elected to serve four-year terms)


elections: House of Deputies - last held 31 October 2002 (next election to be held NA 2006)


election results: House of Deputies - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - independents 21, Sunni Islamists 9, other 10


note: first elections since 7 December 1973; unicameral National Assembly dissolved 26 August 1975; National Action Charter created bicameral legislature on 23 December 2000; approved by referendum 14 February 2001; first legislative session of Parliament held on 25 December 2002
Life expectancy at birth total population:
76.72 years

male:
74.12 years

female:
79.47 years (2001 est.)
total population: 74.23 years


male: 71.76 years


female: 76.78 years (2005 est.)
Literacy definition:
age 15 and over can read and write

total population:
100%

male:
NA%

female:
NA%
definition: age 15 and over can read and write


total population: 89.1%


male: 91.9%


female: 85% (2003 est.)
Location Northern Europe, bordering the Baltic Sea and the North Sea, on a peninsula north of Germany (Jutland); also includes two major islands (Sjaeland and Fyn) Middle East, archipelago in the Persian Gulf, east of Saudi Arabia
Map references Europe Middle East
Maritime claims contiguous zone:
24 NM

continental shelf:
200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation

exclusive economic zone:
200 NM

territorial sea:
12 NM
territorial sea: 12 nm


contiguous zone: 24 nm


continental shelf: extending to boundaries to be determined
Merchant marine total:
342 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 6,073,489 GRT/8,027,002 DWT

ships by type:
bulk 10, cargo 128, chemical tanker 27, container 76, liquefied gas 26, livestock carrier 6, petroleum tanker 22, railcar carrier 1, refrigerated cargo 13, roll on/roll off 23, short-sea passenger 7, specialized tanker 3

note:
includes some foreign-owned ships registered here as a flag of convenience: Finland 1 (2000 est.)
total: 8 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 219,083 GRT/312,638 DWT


by type: bulk carrier 3, cargo 2, container 2, petroleum tanker 1


foreign-owned: 2 (Kuwait 2) (2005)
Military branches Royal Danish Army, Royal Danish Navy, Royal Danish Air Force, Home Guard Bahrain Defense Forces (BDF): Ground Force (includes Air Defense), Navy, Air Force, National Guard
Military expenditures - dollar figure $2.47 billion (FY99) $628.9 million (2004)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP 1.4% (FY99) 6.3% (2004)
Military manpower - availability males age 15-49:
1,292,619 (2001 est.)
-
Military manpower - fit for military service males age 15-49:
1,106,094 (2001 est.)
-
Military manpower - military age 18 years of age -
Military manpower - reaching military age annually males:
29,212 (2001 est.)
-
National holiday none designated; Constitution Day, 5 June is generally viewed as the National Day National Day, 16 December (1971); note - 15 August 1971 is the date of independence from the UK, 16 December 1971 is the date of independence from British protection
Nationality noun:
Dane(s)

adjective:
Danish
noun: Bahraini(s)


adjective: Bahraini
Natural hazards flooding is a threat in some areas of the country (e.g., parts of Jutland, along the southern coast of the island of Lolland) that are protected from the sea by a system of dikes periodic droughts; dust storms
Natural resources petroleum, natural gas, fish, salt, limestone, stone, gravel and sand oil, associated and nonassociated natural gas, fish, pearls
Net migration rate 1.98 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.) 1.04 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Pipelines crude oil 110 km; petroleum products 578 km; natural gas 700 km gas 20 km; oil 53 km (2004)
Political parties and leaders Center Democratic Party [Mimi JAKOBSEN]; Christian People's Party [Jann SJURSEN]; Conservative Party (sometimes known as Conservative People's Party) [Bendt BENDTSEN]; Danish People's Party [Pia KJAERSGAARD]; Liberal Party [Anders Fogh RASMUSSEN]; Progress Party (now named Freedom 2000) [Kim BEHNKE]; Social Democratic Party [Poul Nyrup RASMUSSEN]; Social Liberal Party (sometimes called the Radical Left) [Marianne JELVED, leader; Johannes LEBECH, chairman]; Socialist People's Party [Holger K. NIELSEN]; Red-Green Unity List (bloc includes Left Socialist Party, Communist Party of Denmark, Socialist Workers' Party) [collective leadership] political parties prohibited but politically oriented societies are allowed
Political pressure groups and leaders NA Shi'a activists fomented unrest sporadically in 1994-97, demanding the return of an elected National Assembly and an end to unemployment; several small, clandestine leftist and Islamic fundamentalist groups are active
Population 5,352,815 (July 2001 est.) 688,345


note: includes 235,108 non-nationals (July 2005 est.)
Population below poverty line NA% NA
Population growth rate 0.3% (2001 est.) 1.51% (2005 est.)
Ports and harbors Abenra, Alborg, Arhus, Copenhagen, Esbjerg, Fredericia, Kolding, Odense, Roenne (Bornholm), Vejle Mina' Salman, Sitrah
Radio broadcast stations AM 2, FM 355, shortwave 0 (1998) AM 2, FM 3, shortwave 0 (1998)
Radios 6.02 million (1997) -
Railways total:
2,859 km (508 km privately owned and operated)

standard gauge:
2,859 km 1.435-m gauge (600 km electrified; 760 km double track) (1998)
-
Religions Evangelical Lutheran 95%, other Protestant and Roman Catholic 3%, Muslims 2% Muslim (Shi'a and Sunni) 81.2%, Christian 9%, other 9.8% (2001 census)
Sex ratio at birth:
1.06 male(s)/female

under 15 years:
1.05 male(s)/female

15-64 years:
1.03 male(s)/female

65 years and over:
0.72 male(s)/female

total population:
0.98 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.02 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 1.4 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 1.06 male(s)/female


total population: 1.27 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
Suffrage 18 years of age; universal 18 years of age; universal
Telephone system general assessment:
excellent telephone and telegraph services

domestic:
buried and submarine cables and microwave radio relay form trunk network, 4 cellular mobile communications systems

international:
18 submarine fiber-optic cables linking Denmark with Norway, Sweden, Russia, Poland, Germany, Netherlands, UK, Faroe Islands, Iceland, and Canada; satellite earth stations - 6 Intelsat, 10 Eutelsat, 1 Orion, 1 Inmarsat (Blaavand-Atlantic-East); note - the Nordic countries (Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden) share the Danish earth station and the Eik, Norway, station for worldwide Inmarsat access (1997)
general assessment: modern system


domestic: modern fiber-optic integrated services; digital network with rapidly growing use of mobile cellular telephones


international: country code - 973; tropospheric scatter to Qatar and UAE; microwave radio relay to Saudi Arabia; submarine cable to Qatar, UAE, and Saudi Arabia; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean) and 1 Arabsat (1997)
Telephones - main lines in use 4.785 million (1997) 185,800 (2003)
Telephones - mobile cellular 1,444,016 (1997) 443,100 (2003)
Television broadcast stations 26 (plus 51 repeaters) (1998) 4 (1997)
Terrain low and flat to gently rolling plains mostly low desert plain rising gently to low central escarpment
Total fertility rate 1.73 children born/woman (2001 est.) 2.63 children born/woman (2005 est.)
Unemployment rate 5.3% (2000) 15% (1998 est.)
Waterways 417 km -
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