Clipperton Island (2008) | Heard Island and McDonald Islands (2008) | |
Area | total: 6 sq km
land: 6 sq km water: 0 sq km |
total: 412 sq km
land: 412 sq km water: 0 sq km |
Area - comparative | about 12 times the size of The Mall in Washington, DC | slightly more than two times the size of Washington, DC |
Background | This isolated island was named for John CLIPPERTON, a pirate who made it his hideout early in the 18th century. Annexed by France in 1855, it was seized by Mexico in 1897. Arbitration eventually awarded the island to France, which took possession in 1935. | These uninhabited, barren, sub-Antarctic islands were transferred from the UK to Australia in 1947. Populated by large numbers of seal and bird species, the islands have been designated a nature preserve. |
Climate | tropical; humid, average temperature 20-32 degrees C, wet season (May to October) | antarctic |
Coastline | 11.1 km | 101.9 km |
Country name | conventional long form: none
conventional short form: Clipperton Island local long form: none local short form: Ile Clipperton former: sometimes called Ile de la Passion |
conventional long form: Territory of Heard Island and McDonald Islands
conventional short form: Heard Island and McDonald Islands abbreviation: HIMI |
Dependency status | possession of France; administered directly by the Minister of Overseas France | territory of Australia; administered from Canberra by the Australian Antarctic Division of the Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts |
Diplomatic representation from the US | - | none (territory of Australia) |
Diplomatic representation in the US | - | none (territory of Australia) |
Disputes - international | none | none |
Economy - overview | Although 115 species of fish have been identified in the territorial waters of Clipperton Island, the only economic activity is tuna fishing. | The islands have no indigenous economic activity, but the Australian Government allows limited fishing in the surrounding waters. |
Elevation extremes | lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m
highest point: Rocher Clipperton 29 m |
lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m
highest point: Mawson Peak, on Big Ben 2,745 m |
Environment - current issues | NA | NA |
Flag description | the flag of France is used | the flag of Australia is used |
Geographic coordinates | 10 17 N, 109 13 W | 53 06 S, 72 31 E |
Geography - note | reef 12 km in circumference | - |
Irrigated land | 0 sq km | 0 sq km |
Land boundaries | 0 km | 0 km |
Land use | arable land: 0%
permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (all coral) (2005) |
arable land: 0%
permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (2005) |
Legal system | the laws of France, where applicable, apply | the laws of Australia, where applicable, apply |
Location | Middle America, atoll in the North Pacific Ocean, 1,120 km southwest of Mexico | islands in the Indian Ocean, about two-thirds of the way from Madagascar to Antarctica |
Map references | Political Map of the World | Antarctic Region |
Maritime claims | territorial sea: 12 nm
exclusive economic zone: 200 nm |
territorial sea: 12 nm
exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm |
Military - note | defense is the responsibility of France | defense is the responsibility of Australia; Australia conducts fisheries patrols |
Natural hazards | NA | Mawson Peak, an active volcano, is on Heard Island |
Natural resources | fish | fish |
Population | uninhabited | uninhabited |
Terrain | coral atoll | Heard Island - 80% ice-covered, bleak and mountainous, dominated by a large massif (Big Ben) and an active volcano (Mawson Peak); McDonald Islands - small and rocky |