Compare Burundi (2008) - Botswana (2002)

Compare Burundi (2008) z Botswana (2002)

	Burundi (2008)	Botswana (2002)

Administrative divisions	17 provinces; Bubanza, Bujumbura Mairie, Bujumbura Rurale, Bururi, Cankuzo, Cibitoke, Gitega, Karuzi, Kayanza, Kirundo, Makamba, Muramvya, Muyinga, Mwaro, Ngozi, Rutana, Ruyigi	10 districts and four town councils; Central, Chobe, Francistown, Gaborone, Ghanzi, Kgalagadi, Kgatleng, Kweneng, Lobatse, Ngamiland, North-East, Selebi-Pikwe, South-East, Southern*
Age structure	0-14 years: 46.3% (male 1,951,879/female 1,930,371) 15-64 years: 51.2% (male 2,131,759/female 2,162,093) 65 years and over: 2.6% (male 85,522/female 128,881) (2007 est.)	0-14 years: 40% (male 319,988; female 316,961) 15-64 years: 55.8% (male 428,638; female 458,777) 65 years and over: 4.2% (male 26,965; female 39,903) (2002 est.)
Agriculture - products	coffee, cotton, tea, corn, sorghum, sweet potatoes, bananas, manioc (tapioca); beef, milk, hides	livestock, sorghum, maize, millet, beans, sunflowers, groundnuts
Airports	8 (2007)	92 (2001)
Airports - with paved runways	total: 1 over 3,047 m: 1 (2007)	total: 10 2,438 to 3,047 m: 2 1,524 to 2,437 m: 7 914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2002)
Airports - with unpaved runways	total: 7 914 to 1,523 m: 4 under 914 m: 3 (2007)	total: 76 1,524 to 2,437 m: 3 914 to 1,523 m: 55 under 914 m: 18 (2002)
Area	total: 27,830 sq km land: 25,650 sq km water: 2,180 sq km	total: 600,370 sq km land: 585,370 sq km water: 15,000 sq km
Area - comparative	slightly smaller than Maryland	slightly smaller than Texas
Background	Burundi's first democratically elected president was assassinated in October 1993 after only 100 days in office, triggering widespread ethnic violence between Hutu and Tutsi factions. More than 200,000 Burundians perished during the conflict that spanned almost a dozen years. Hundreds of thousands of Burundians were internally displaced or became refugees in neighboring countries. An internationally brokered power-sharing agreement between the Tutsi-dominated government and the Hutu rebels in 2003 paved the way for a transition process that led to an integrated defense force, established a new constitution in 2005, and elected a majority Hutu government in 2005. The new government, led by President Pierre NKURUNZIZA, signed a South African brokered ceasefire with the country's last rebel group in September of 2006 but still faces many challenges.	Formerly the British protectorate of Bechuanaland, Botswana adopted its new name upon independence in 1966. The economy, one of the most robust on the continent, is dominated by diamond mining.
Birth rate	41.97 births/1,000 population (2007 est.)	28.04 births/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Budget	revenues: $259.4 million expenditures: $331.8 million; including capital expenditures of $NA (2007 est.)	revenues: $2.3 billion expenditures: $2.4 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (FY01/02 )
Capital	name: Bujumbura geographic coordinates: 3 22 S, 29 21 E time difference: UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)	Gaborone
Climate	equatorial; high plateau with considerable altitude variation (772 m to 2,670 m above sea level); average annual temperature varies with altitude from 23 to 17 degrees centigrade but is generally moderate as the average altitude is about 1,700 m; average annual rainfall is about 150 cm; two wet seasons (February to May and September to November), and two dry seasons (June to August and December to January)	semiarid; warm winters and hot summers
Coastline	0 km (landlocked)	0 km (landlocked)
Constitution	28 February 2005; ratified by popular referendum	March 1965, effective 30 September 1966
Country name	conventional long form: Republic of Burundi conventional short form: Burundi local long form: Republique du Burundi/Republika y'u Burundi local short form: Burundi former: Urundi	conventional long form: Republic of Botswana conventional short form: Botswana former: Bechuanaland
Currency	-	pula (BWP)
Death rate	13.17 deaths/1,000 population (2007 est.)	26.26 deaths/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Debt - external	$1.2 billion (2003)	$325 million (2001)
Diplomatic representation from the US	chief of mission: Ambassador Patricia Newton MOLLER embassy: Avenue des Etats-Unis, Bujumbura mailing address: B. P. 1720, Bujumbura telephone: [257] 223454 FAX: [257] 222926	chief of mission: Ambassador Joseph HUGGING embassy: address NA, Gaborone mailing address: Embassy Enclave, P. O. Box 90, Gaborone telephone: [267] 353982 FAX: [267] 312782
Diplomatic representation in the US	chief of mission: Ambassador Celestin NIYONGABO chancery: Suite 212, 2233 Wisconsin Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20007 telephone: [1] (202) 342-2574 FAX: [1] (202) 342-2578	chief of mission: Ambassador Kgosi SEEPAPITSO IV chancery: 1531-1533 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20036 telephone: [1] (202) 244-4990 FAX: [1] (202) 244-4164
Disputes - international	conflicts among Tutsi, Hutu, other ethnic groups, associated political rebels, armed gangs, and various government forces have abated somewhat in the Great Lakes region; UN Operation in Burundi (ONUB) completed its mandate in December 2006 after a three-year peace-keeping mission	none
Economic aid - recipient	$365 million (2005)	$73 million (1995) (1995)
Economy - overview	Burundi is a landlocked, resource-poor country with an underdeveloped manufacturing sector. The economy is predominantly agricultural with more than 90% of the population dependent on subsistence agriculture. Economic growth depends on coffee and tea exports, which account for 90% of foreign exchange earnings. The ability to pay for imports, therefore, rests primarily on weather conditions and international coffee and tea prices. The Tutsi minority, 14% of the population, dominates the government and the coffee trade at the expense of the Hutu majority, 85% of the population. An ethnic-based war that lasted for over a decade resulted in more than 200,000 deaths, forced more than 48,000 refugees into Tanzania, and displaced 140,000 others internally. Only one in two children go to school, and approximately one in 15 adults has HIV/AIDS. Food, medicine, and electricity remain in short supply. Burundi grew about 5% annually in 2006, but GDP growth probably fell to under 4% in 2007. Political stability and the end of the civil war have improved aid flows and economic activity has increased, but underlying weaknesses - a high poverty rate, poor education rates, a weak legal system, and low administrative capacity - risk undermining planned economic reforms. Burundi will continue to remain heavily dependent on aid from bilateral and multilateral donors; the delay of funds after a corruption scandal cut off bilateral aid in 2007 reduced government's revenues and its ability to pay salaries.	Botswana has maintained one of the world's highest growth rates since independence in 1966. Through fiscal discipline and sound management, Botswana has transformed itself from one of the poorest countries in the world to a middle-income country with a per capita GDP of $7,800 in 2001. Two major investment services rank Botswana as the best credit risk in Africa. Diamond mining has fueled much of expansion and currently accounts for more than one-third of GDP and for four-fifths of export earnings. Tourism, subsistence farming, and cattle raising are other key sectors. On the downside, the government must deal with high rates of unemployment and poverty. Unemployment officially is 21%, but unofficial estimates place it closer to 40%. HIV/AIDS infection rates are the highest in the world and threaten Botswana's impressive economic gains.
Electricity - consumption	161.4 million kWh (2005)	1.451 billion kWh (2000)
Electricity - exports	0 kWh (2005)	0 kWh (2000)
Electricity - imports	34 million kWh; note - supplied by the Democratic Republic of the Congo (2005)	986 million kWh (2000)
Electricity - production	137 million kWh (2005)	500 million kWh (2000)
Electricity - production by source	-	fossil fuel: 100% hydro: 0% nuclear: 0% other: 0% (2000)
Elevation extremes	lowest point: Lake Tanganyika 772 m highest point: Heha 2,670 m	lowest point: junction of the Limpopo and Shashe Rivers 513 m highest point: Tsodilo Hills 1,489 m
Environment - current issues	soil erosion as a result of overgrazing and the expansion of agriculture into marginal lands; deforestation (little forested land remains because of uncontrolled cutting of trees for fuel); habitat loss threatens wildlife populations	overgrazing; desertification; limited fresh water resources
Environment - international agreements	party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea	party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Ethnic groups	Hutu (Bantu) 85%, Tutsi (Hamitic) 14%, Twa (Pygmy) 1%, Europeans 3,000, South Asians 2,000	Tswana (or Setswana) 79%, Kalanga 11%, Basarwa 3%, other, including Kgalagadi and white 7%
Exchange rates	Burundi francs per US dollar - 1,065 (2007), 1,030 (2006), 1,138 (2005), 1,100.91 (2004), 1,082.62 (2003)	pulas per US dollar - 6.8353 (January 2002), 5.8412 (2001), 5.1018 (2000), 4.6244 (1999), 4.2259 (1998), 3.6508 (1997)
Executive branch	chief of state: President Pierre NKURUNZIZA (since 26 August 2005); First Vice President Yves SAVINGUVU - Tutsi (since 9 November 2007); Second Vice President Gabriel NTISEZERANA - Hutu (since 9 February 2007) head of government: President Pierre NKURUNZIZA (since 26 August 2005); First Vice President Yves SAVINGUVU - Tutsi (since 9 November 2007); Second Vice President Gabriel NTISEZERANA - Hutu (since 9 February 2007) cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by president elections: the president is elected by popular vote to a five-year term (eligible for a second term); note - the constitution adopted in February 2005 permits the post-transition president to be elected by a two-thirds majority of the parliament; vice presidents nominated by the president, endorsed by parliament election results: Pierre NKURUNZIZA was elected president by the parliament by a vote of 151 to 9; note - the constitution adopted in February 2005 permits the post-transition president to be elected by a two-thirds majority of the legislature	chief of state: President Festus MOGAE (since 1 April 1998) and Vice President Seretse Ian KHAMA (since 13 July 1998); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government head of government: President Festus MOGAE (since 1 April 1998) and Vice President Seretse Ian KHAMA (since 13 July 1998); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president elections: president elected by the National Assembly for a five-year term; election last held 16 October 1999 (next to be held NA October 2004); vice president appointed by the president election results: Festus MOGAE elected president; percent of National Assembly vote - 54.3%
Exports	0 bbl/day (2004)	$2.5 billion f.o.b. (2001 est.)
Exports - commodities	coffee, tea, sugar, cotton, hides	diamonds 80%, copper, nickel, soda ash, meat, textiles (2001)
Exports - partners	Switzerland 33.7%, UK 12.2%, Pakistan 8.5%, Rwanda 5.3%, Egypt 4.2% (2006)	EFTA 85%, Southern African Customs Union (SACU) 10%, Zimbabwe 2% (1999)
Fiscal year	calendar year	1 April - 31 March
Flag description	divided by a white diagonal cross into red panels (top and bottom) and green panels (hoist side and fly side) with a white disk superimposed at the center bearing three red six-pointed stars outlined in green arranged in a triangular design (one star above, two stars below)	light blue with a horizontal white-edged black stripe in the center
GDP	-	purchasing power parity - $12.4 billion (2001 est.)
GDP - composition by sector	agriculture: 44.9% industry: 20.9% services: 34.1% (2006 est.)	agriculture: 4% industry: 44% (including 36% mining) services: 52% (2000 est.)
GDP - per capita	-	purchasing power parity - $7,800 (2001 est.)
GDP - real growth rate	5.5% (2007 est.)	4.7% (2001 est.)
Geographic coordinates	3 30 S, 30 00 E	22 00 S, 24 00 E
Geography - note	landlocked; straddles crest of the Nile-Congo watershed; the Kagera, which drains into Lake Victoria, is the most remote headstream of the White Nile	landlocked; population concentrated in eastern part of the country
Heliports	1 (2007)	-
Highways	-	total: 10,217 km paved: 5,620 km unpaved: 4,597 km (1999)
Household income or consumption by percentage share	lowest 10%: 1.7% highest 10%: 32.8% (1998)	lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%
Imports	2,687 bbl/day (2004)	$2.1 billion f.o.b. (2001 est.)
Imports - commodities	capital goods, petroleum products, foodstuffs	foodstuffs, machinery, electrical goods, transport equipment, textiles, fuel and petroleum products, wood and paper products, metal and metal products (2000)
Imports - partners	Saudi Arabia 12.6%, Kenya 8.2%, Japan 7.8%, Russia 4.7%, UK 4.6%, France 4.4%, China 4.4% (2006)	Southern African Customs Union (SACU) 77%, EFTA 9%, Zimbabwe 4% (1999)
Independence	1 July 1962 (from UN trusteeship under Belgian administration)	30 September 1966 (from UK)
Industrial production growth rate	7.5% (2007 est.)	2.4% (2001 est.)
Industries	light consumer goods such as blankets, shoes, soap; assembly of imported components; public works construction; food processing	diamonds, copper, nickel, salt, soda ash, potash; livestock processing; textiles
Infant mortality rate	total: 61.93 deaths/1,000 live births male: 68.91 deaths/1,000 live births female: 54.75 deaths/1,000 live births (2007 est.)	64.72 deaths/1,000 live births (2002 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices)	7% (2007 est.)	6.6% (2001 est.)
International organization participation	ACCT, ACP, AfDB, AU, CEPGL, COMESA, EAC, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (subscriber), ITU, ITUC, MIGA, NAM, OIF, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO	ACP, AfDB, C, CCC, ECA, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, ISO, ITU, NAM, OAU, OPCW, SACU, SADC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO
Internet Service Providers (ISPs)	-	11 (2001)
Irrigated land	210 sq km (2003)	10 sq km (1998 est.)
Judicial branch	Supreme Court or Cour Supreme; Constitutional Court; Courts of Appeal (there are three in separate locations); Tribunals of First Instance (17 at the province level and 123 small local tribunals)	High Court; Court of Appeal; Magistrates' Courts (one in each district)
Labor force	2.99 million (2002)	264,000 formal sector employees (2000)
Labor force - by occupation	agriculture: 93.6% industry: 2.3% services: 4.1% (2002 est.)	NA
Land boundaries	total: 974 km border countries: Democratic Republic of the Congo 233 km, Rwanda 290 km, Tanzania 451 km	total: 4,013 km border countries: Namibia 1,360 km, South Africa 1,840 km, Zimbabwe 813 km
Land use	arable land: 35.57% permanent crops: 13.12% other: 51.31% (2005)	arable land: 0.61% permanent crops: 0.01% other: 99.38% (1998 est.)
Languages	Kirundi (official), French (official), Swahili (along Lake Tanganyika and in the Bujumbura area)	English (official), Setswana
Legal system	based on German and Belgian civil codes and customary law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction	based on Roman-Dutch law and local customary law; judicial review limited to matters of interpretation; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Legislative branch	bicameral Parliament or Parlement, consists of a National Assembly or Assemblee Nationale (minimum 100 seats, 60% Hutu and 40% Tutsi with at least 30% being women; additional seats appointed by a National Independent Electoral Commission to ensure ethnic representation; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms) and a Senate (54 seats; 34 members elected by indirect vote to serve five-year terms, with remaining seats assigned to ethnic groups and former chiefs of state) elections: National Assembly - last held 4 July 2005 (next to be held in 2010); Senate - last held 29 July 2005 (next to be held in 2010) election results: National Assembly - percent of vote by party - CNDD-FDD 58.6%, FRODEBU 21.7%, UPRONA 7.2%, CNDD 4.1%, MRC-Rurenzangemero 2.1%, others 6.2%; seats by party - CNDD-FDD 59, FRODEBU 25, UPRONA 10, CNDD 4, MRC-Rurenzangemero 2; Senate - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - CNDD-FDD 30, FRODEBU 3, CNDD 1	bicameral Parliament consists of the House of Chiefs (a largely advisory 15-member body consisting of the chiefs of the eight principal tribes, four elected subchiefs, and three members selected by the other 12 members) and the National Assembly (44 seats, 40 members are directly elected by popular vote and 4 are appointed by the majority party; members serve five-year terms) elections: National Assembly elections last held 16 October 1999 (next to be held NA October 2004) election results: percent of vote by party - BDP 54.3%, BNF 24.7%, other 21%; seats by party - BDP 33, BNF 6, other 1
Life expectancy at birth	total population: 51.29 years male: 50.48 years female: 52.12 years (2007 est.)	total population: 35.29 years male: 35.15 years female: 35.43 years (2002 est.)
Literacy	definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 59.3% male: 67.3% female: 52.2% (2000 est.)	definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 69.8% male: 80.5% female: 59.9% (1995 est.)
Location	Central Africa, east of Democratic Republic of the Congo	Southern Africa, north of South Africa
Map references	Africa	Africa
Maritime claims	none (landlocked)	none (landlocked)
Military branches	National Defense Force (Forces de Defense Nationales, FDN): Army (includes Naval Detachment and Air Wing) (2008)	Botswana Defense Force (including Army and Air Wing), Botswana National Police
Military expenditures - dollar figure	-	$135 million (FY01/02)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP	5.9% (2006 est.)	3.5% (FY01/02)
Military manpower - availability	-	males age 15-49: 384,888 (2002 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service	-	males age 15-49: 202,685 (2002 est.)
Military manpower - military age	-	18 years of age (2002 est.)
Military manpower - reaching military age annually	-	males: 19,479 (2002 est.)
National holiday	Independence Day, 1 July (1962)	Independence Day (Botswana Day), 30 September (1966)
Nationality	noun: Burundian(s) adjective: Burundian	noun: Motswana (singular), Batswana (plural) adjective: Motswana (singular), Batswana (plural)
Natural hazards	flooding, landslides, drought	periodic droughts; seasonal August winds blow from the west, carrying sand and dust across the country, which can obscure visibility
Natural resources	nickel, uranium, rare earth oxides, peat, cobalt, copper, platinum, vanadium, arable land, hydropower, niobium, tantalum, gold, tin, tungsten, kaolin, limestone	diamonds, copper, nickel, salt, soda ash, potash, coal, iron ore, silver
Net migration rate	7.13 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2007 est.)	0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Political parties and leaders	governing parties: Burundi Democratic Front or FRODEBU [Leonce NGENDAKUMANA]; National Council for the Defense of Democracy - Front for the Defense of Democracy or CNDD-FDD [Jeremie NGENDAKUMANA]; Unity for National Progress or UPRONA [Aloys RUBUKA] note: a multiparty system was introduced after 1998, included are: National Council for the Defense of Democracy or CNDD [Leonard NYANGOMA]; National Resistance Movement for the Rehabilitation of the Citizen or MRC-Rurenzangemero [Epitace BANYAGANAKANDI]; Party for National Redress or PARENA [Jean-Baptiste BAGAZA]	Botswana Democratic Party or BDP [Festus MOGAE]; Botswana National Front or BNF [Otswoletse MOUPO]; Botswana Congress Party or BCP [Mokgweetsi KGOSIPULA]; Botswana Alliance Movement or BAM [Ephraim Lepetu SETSHWAELO] note: a number of minor parties joined forces in 1999 to form the BAM but did not capture any parliamentary seats; the BAM parties are: the United Action Party [Ephraim Lepetu SETSHWAELO], the Independence Freedom Party or IFP [Motsamai MPHO], and the Botswana Progressive Union [D. K. KWELE]
Political pressure groups and leaders	none	NA
Population	8,390,505 note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2007 est.)	1,591,232 note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2002 est.)
Population below poverty line	68% (2002 est.)	47% (2000 est.)
Population growth rate	3.593% (2007 est.)	0.18% (2002 est.)
Ports and harbors	-	none
Radio broadcast stations	AM 0, FM 4, shortwave 1 (2001)	AM 8, FM 13, shortwave 4 (2001)
Radios	-	252,720 (2000)
Railways	-	total: 888 km narrow gauge: 888 km 1.067-m gauge (2000 est.)
Religions	Christian 67% (Roman Catholic 62%, Protestant 5%), indigenous beliefs 23%, Muslim 10%	indigenous beliefs 85%, Christian 15%
Sex ratio	at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.011 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.986 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.664 male(s)/female total population: 0.988 male(s)/female (2007 est.)	at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.01 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.93 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.68 male(s)/female total population: 0.95 male(s)/female (2002 est.)
Suffrage	NA years of age; universal (adult)	18 years of age; universal
Telephone system	general assessment: primitive system; telephone density one of the lowest in the world; fixed-line connections stand at well less than 1 per 100 persons; mobile-cellular usage is increasing but remains at a meager 2 per 100 persons domestic: sparse system of open-wire, radiotelephone communications, and low-capacity microwave radio relay international: country code - 257; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Indian Ocean) (2007)	general assessment: the system is expanding with the growth of mobile cellular service and participation in regional development domestic: small system of open-wire lines, microwave radio relay links, and a few radiotelephone communication stations; mobile cellular service is growing fast international: two international exchanges; digital microwave radio relay links to Namibia, Zambia, Zimbabwe, and South Africa; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Indian Ocean)
Telephones - main lines in use	31,100 (2005)	131,000 (September 2001)
Telephones - mobile cellular	153,000 (2005)	270,000 (September 2001)
Television broadcast stations	1 (2001)	1 (2001)
Terrain	hilly and mountainous, dropping to a plateau in east, some plains	predominantly flat to gently rolling tableland; Kalahari Desert in southwest
Total fertility rate	6.48 children born/woman (2007 est.)	3.6 children born/woman (2002 est.)
Unemployment rate	NA%	40% (official rate is 21%) (2001 est.)
Waterways	mainly on Lake Tanganyika (2005)	none

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