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Compare Brunei (2001) - Brunei (2003)
Compare Brunei (2001) z Brunei (2003)
Show only differences
Show only differences
| Brunei (2001) | Brunei (2003) | |
 |  | |
| Administrative divisions | 4 districts (daerah-daerah, singular - daerah); Belait, Brunei and Muara, Temburong, Tutong | 4 districts (daerah-daerah, singular - daerah); Belait, Brunei and Muara, Temburong, Tutong |
| Age structure | 0-14 years:
30.77% (male 53,977; female 51,772) 15-64 years: 66.52% (male 121,601; female 107,007) 65 years and over: 2.71% (male 4,449; female 4,847) (2001 est.) |
0-14 years: 29.6% (male 54,118; female 51,902)
15-64 years: 67.6% (male 128,421; female 113,480) 65 years and over: 2.8% (male 4,804; female 5,373) (2003 est.) |
| Agriculture - products | rice, vegetables, fruits, chickens, water buffalo | rice, vegetables, fruits, chickens, water buffalo |
| Airports | 2 (2000 est.) | 2 (2002) |
| Airports - with paved runways | total:
1 over 3,047 m: 1 (2000 est.) |
total: 1
over 3,047 m: 1 (2002) |
| Airports - with unpaved runways | total:
1 914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2000 est.) |
total: 1
914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2002) |
| Area | total:
5,770 sq km land: 5,270 sq km water: 500 sq km |
total: 5,770 sq km
land: 5,270 sq km water: 500 sq km |
| Area - comparative | slightly smaller than Delaware | slightly smaller than Delaware |
| Background | The Sultanate of Brunei's heyday occurred between the 15th and 17th centuries, when its control extended over coastal areas of northwest Borneo and the southern Philippines. Brunei subsequently entered a period of decline brought on by internal strife over royal succession, colonial expansion of European powers, and piracy. In 1888, Brunei became a British protectorate; independence was achieved in 1984. Brunei benefits from extensive petroleum and natural gas fields, the source of one of the highest per capita GDPs in the less developed countries. The same family has now ruled in Brunei for over six centuries. | The Sultanate of Brunei's influence peaked between the 15th and 17th centuries when its control extended over coastal areas of northwest Borneo and the southern Philippines. Brunei subsequently entered a period of decline brought on by internal strife over royal succession, colonial expansion of European powers, and piracy. In 1888, Brunei became a British protectorate; independence was achieved in 1984. The same family has ruled Brunei for over six centuries. Brunei benefits from extensive petroleum and natural gas fields, the source of one of the highest per capita GDPs in the developing world. |
| Birth rate | 20.45 births/1,000 population (2001 est.) | 19.68 births/1,000 population (2003 est.) |
| Budget | revenues:
$2.5 billion expenditures: $2.6 billion, including capital expenditures of $1.35 billion (1997 est.) |
revenues: $2.5 billion
expenditures: $2.6 billion, including capital expenditures of $1.35 billion (1997 est.) |
| Capital | Bandar Seri Begawan | Bandar Seri Begawan |
| Climate | tropical; hot, humid, rainy | tropical; hot, humid, rainy |
| Coastline | 161 km | 161 km |
| Constitution | 29 September 1959 (some provisions suspended under a State of Emergency since December 1962, others since independence on 1 January 1984) | 29 September 1959 (some provisions suspended under a State of Emergency since December 1962, others since independence on 1 January 1984) |
| Country name | conventional long form:
Negara Brunei Darussalam conventional short form: Brunei |
conventional long form: Negara Brunei Darussalam
conventional short form: Brunei |
| Currency | Bruneian dollar (BND) | Bruneian dollar (BND) |
| Death rate | 3.38 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.) | 3.39 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.) |
| Debt - external | $0 | $0 |
| Diplomatic representation from the US | chief of mission:
Ambassador Sylvia Gaye STANFIELD embassy: Third Floor, Teck Guan Plaza, Jalan Sultan, Bandar Seri Begawan mailing address: PSC 470 (BSB), FPO AP 96507 telephone: [673] (2) 229670 FAX: [673] (2) 225293 |
chief of mission: Ambassador Gene B. CHRISTY
embassy: Third Floor, Teck Guan Plaza, Jalan Sultan, Bandar Seri Begawan mailing address: PSC 470 (BSB), FPO AP 96507 telephone: [673] (2) 229670 FAX: [673] (2) 225293 |
| Diplomatic representation in the US | chief of mission:
Ambassador Pengiran Anak Dato Haji PUTEH Ibni Mohammad Alam chancery: 3520 International Court NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 342-0159 FAX: [1] (202) 342-0158 |
chief of mission: Ambassador Anak Dato Haji PUTEH
chancery: 3520 International Court NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 237-1838 FAX: [1] (202) 885-0560 |
| Disputes - international | possibly involved in a complex dispute over the Spratly Islands with China, Malaysia, Philippines, Taiwan, and Vietnam; in 1984, Brunei established an exclusive fishing zone that encompasses Louisa Reef in the southern Spratly Islands, but has not publicly claimed the island | Involved in dispute over the Spratly Islands with China, Malaysia, Philippines, Taiwan, and Vietnam; Brunei established an exclusive economic fishing zone encompassing Louisa Reef in southern Spratly Islands in 1984 but makes no public territorial claim to the offshore reefs; claimants in November 2002 signed the "Declaration on the Conduct of Parties in the South China Sea", a mechanism to ease tension but which fell short of a legally binding "code of conduct" |
| Economic aid - recipient | $4.3 million (1995) | $4.3 million (1995) |
| Economy - overview | This small, wealthy economy is a mixture of foreign and domestic entrepreneurship, government regulation and welfare measures, and village tradition. Exports of crude oil and natural gas account for over half of GDP. Per capita GDP is far above most other Third World countries, and substantial income from overseas investment supplements income from domestic production. The government provides for all medical services and subsidizes rice and housing. Brunei's leaders are concerned that steadily increased integration in the world economy will undermine internal social cohesion although it became a more prominent player by serving as chairman for the 2000 APEC (Asian Pacific Economic Cooperation) forum. Plans for the future include upgrading the labor force, reducing unemployment, strengthening the banking and tourist sectors, and, in general, a further widening of the economic base beyond oil and gas. | This small, wealthy economy encompasses a mixture of foreign and domestic entrepreneurship, government regulation, welfare measures, and village tradition. Crude oil and natural gas production account for nearly half of GDP. Per capita GDP is far above most other Third World countries, and substantial income from overseas investment supplements income from domestic production. The government provides for all medical services and subsidizes rice and housing. Brunei's leaders are concerned that steadily increased integration in the world economy will undermine internal social cohesion, although it became a more prominent player by serving as chairman for the 2000 APEC (Asian Pacific Economic Cooperation) forum. Plans for the future include upgrading the labor force, reducing unemployment, strengthening the banking and tourist sectors, and, in general, further widening the economic base beyond oil and gas. |
| Electricity - consumption | 2.274 billion kWh (1999) | 2.322 billion kWh (2001) |
| Electricity - exports | 0 kWh (1999) | 0 kWh (2001) |
| Electricity - imports | 0 kWh (1999) | 0 kWh (2001) |
| Electricity - production | 2.445 billion kWh (1999) | 2.497 billion kWh (2001) |
| Electricity - production by source | fossil fuel:
100% hydro: 0% nuclear: 0% other: 0% (1999) |
fossil fuel: 100%
hydro: 0% nuclear: 0% other: 0% (2001) |
| Elevation extremes | lowest point:
South China Sea 0 m highest point: Bukit Pagon 1,850 m |
lowest point: South China Sea 0 m
highest point: Bukit Pagon 1,850 m |
| Environment - current issues | seasonal smoke/haze resulting from forest fires in Indonesia | seasonal smoke/haze resulting from forest fires in Indonesia |
| Environment - international agreements | party to:
Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements |
party to: Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements |
| Ethnic groups | Malay 67%, Chinese 15%, indigenous 6%, other 12% | Malay 67%, Chinese 15%, indigenous 6%, other 12% |
| Exchange rates | Bruneian dollars per US dollar - 1.7365 (January 2001), 1.7240 (2000), 1.6950 (1999), 1.6736 (1998), 1.4848 (1997), 1.4100 (1996); note - the Bruneian dollar is at par with the Singapore dollar | Bruneian dollars per US dollar - 1.79 (2002), 1.79 (2001), 1.72 (2000), 1.69 (1999), 1.67 (1998) |
| Executive branch | chief of state:
Sultan and Prime Minister Sir HASSANAL Bolkiah (since 5 October 1967); note - the monarch is both the chief of state and head of government head of government: Sultan and Prime Minister Sir HASSANAL Bolkiah (since 5 October 1967); note - the monarch is both the chief of state and head of government cabinet: Council of Cabinet Ministers appointed and presided over by the monarch; deals with executive matters; note - there is also a Religious Council (members appointed by the monarch) that advises on religious matters, a Privy Council (members appointed by the monarch) that deals with constitutional matters, and the Council of Succession (members appointed by the monarch) that determines the succession to the throne if the need arises elections: none; the monarch is hereditary |
chief of state: Sultan and Prime Minister Sir HASSANAL Bolkiah (since 5 October 1967); note - the monarch is both the chief of state and head of government
head of government: Sultan and Prime Minister Sir HASSANAL Bolkiah (since 5 October 1967); note - the monarch is both the chief of state and head of government cabinet: Council of Cabinet Ministers appointed and presided over by the monarch; deals with executive matters; note - there is also a Religious Council (members appointed by the monarch) that advises on religious matters, a Privy Council (members appointed by the monarch) that deals with constitutional matters, and the Council of Succession (members appointed by the monarch) that determines the succession to the throne if the need arises elections: none; the monarch is hereditary |
| Exports | $2.55 billion (f.o.b., 1999 est.) | NA (2001) |
| Exports - commodities | crude oil, natural gas, refined products | crude oil, natural gas, refined products |
| Exports - partners | Japan 42%, US 17%, South Korea 14%, Thailand 3% (1999) | Japan 40.3%, South Korea 12.3%, Thailand 12.1%, Australia 9.2%, US 8.1%, China 6.4%, Singapore 5.7% (2002) |
| Fiscal year | calendar year | calendar year |
| Flag description | yellow with two diagonal bands of white (top, almost double width) and black starting from the upper hoist side; the national emblem in red is superimposed at the center; the emblem includes a swallow-tailed flag on top of a winged column within an upturned crescent above a scroll and flanked by two upraised hands | yellow with two diagonal bands of white (top, almost double width) and black starting from the upper hoist side; the national emblem in red is superimposed at the center; the emblem includes a swallow-tailed flag on top of a winged column within an upturned crescent above a scroll and flanked by two upraised hands |
| GDP | purchasing power parity - $5.9 billion (2000 est.) | purchasing power parity - $6.5 billion (2002 est.) |
| GDP - composition by sector | agriculture:
5% industry: 46% services: 49% (1996 est.) |
agriculture: 5%
industry: 45% services: 50% (2001 est.) |
| GDP - per capita | purchasing power parity - $17,600 (2000 est.) | purchasing power parity - $18,600 (2002 est.) |
| GDP - real growth rate | 3% (2000 est.) | 3% (2002 est.) |
| Geographic coordinates | 4 30 N, 114 40 E | 4 30 N, 114 40 E |
| Geography - note | close to vital sea lanes through South China Sea linking Indian and Pacific Oceans; two parts physically separated by Malaysia; almost an enclave of Malaysia | close to vital sea lanes through South China Sea linking Indian and Pacific Oceans; two parts physically separated by Malaysia; almost an enclave of Malaysia |
| Heliports | 3 (2000 est.) | 3 (2002) |
| Highways | total:
1,712 km paved: 1,284 km unpaved: 428 km (1996) |
total: 2,525 km
paved: 2,525 km unpaved: 0 km (2000) |
| Household income or consumption by percentage share | lowest 10%:
NA% highest 10%: NA% |
lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA% |
| Illicit drugs | drug trafficking and illegally importing controlled substances are serious offenses in Brunei and carry a mandatory death penalty | drug trafficking and illegally importing controlled substances are serious offenses in Brunei and carry a mandatory death penalty |
| Imports | $1.3 billion (c.i.f., 1999 est.) | NA (2001) |
| Imports - commodities | machinery and transport equipment, manufactured goods, food, chemicals | machinery and transport equipment, manufactured goods, food, chemicals |
| Imports - partners | Singapore 34%, UK 15%, Malaysia 15%, US 5% (1999) | Singapore 30.6%, Japan 21.5%, Malaysia 17.4%, UK 6.1%, Hong Kong 4% (2002) |
| Independence | 1 January 1984 (from UK) | 1 January 1984 (from UK) |
| Industrial production growth rate | 4% (1997 est.) | 5% (2002 est.) |
| Industries | petroleum, petroleum refining, liquefied natural gas, construction | petroleum, petroleum refining, liquefied natural gas, construction |
| Infant mortality rate | 14.4 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.) | total: 13.5 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 17.09 deaths/1,000 live births female: 9.71 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.) |
| Inflation rate (consumer prices) | 1% (1999 est.) | -2% (2002 est.) |
| International organization participation | APEC, ARF, ASEAN, C, CCC, ESCAP, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDB, IFRCS, IMF, IMO, Inmarsat, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, ISO (correspondent), ITU, NAM, OIC, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTrO | APEC, ARF, ASEAN, C, ESCAP, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDB, IFRCS, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, ISO (correspondent), ITU, NAM, OIC, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTrO |
| Internet Service Providers (ISPs) | 2 (2000) | 2 (2000) |
| Irrigated land | 10 sq km (1993 est.) | 10 sq km (1998 est.) |
| Judicial branch | Supreme Court (chief justice and judges are sworn in by the monarch for three-year terms) | Supreme Court (chief justice and judges are sworn in by the monarch for three-year terms) |
| Labor force | 144,000 (1995 est.); note - includes foreign workers and military personnel
note: temporary residents make up 41% of labor force (1991) |
143,400
note: includes foreign workers and military personnel; temporary residents make up about 40% of labor force (1999 est.) |
| Labor force - by occupation | government 48%, production of oil, natural gas, services, and construction 42%, agriculture, forestry, and fishing 10% (1999 est.) | government 48%, production of oil, natural gas, services, and construction 42%, agriculture, forestry, and fishing 10% (1999 est.) |
| Land boundaries | total:
381 km border countries: Malaysia 381 km |
total: 381 km
border countries: Malaysia 381 km |
| Land use | arable land:
1% permanent crops: 1% permanent pastures: 1% forests and woodland: 85% other: 12% (1993 est.) |
arable land: 0.57%
permanent crops: 0.76% other: 98.67% (1998 est.) |
| Languages | Malay (official), English, Chinese | Malay (official), English, Chinese |
| Legal system | based on English common law; for Muslims, Islamic Shari'a law supersedes civil law in a number of areas | based on English common law; for Muslims, Islamic Shari'a law supersedes civil law in a number of areas |
| Legislative branch | unicameral Legislative Council or Majlis Masyuarat Megeri (a privy council that serves only in a consultative capacity; NA seats; members appointed by the monarch)
elections: last held in March 1962 note: in 1970 the Council was changed to an appointive body by decree of the monarch; an elected Legislative Council is being considered as part of constitutional reform, but elections are unlikely for several years |
unicameral Legislative Council or Majlis Masyuarat Megeri (a privy council that serves only in a consultative capacity; NA seats; members appointed by the monarch)
elections: last held in March 1962 note: in 1970 the Council was changed to an appointive body by decree of the monarch; an elected Legislative Council is being considered as part of constitutional reform, but elections are unlikely for several years |
| Life expectancy at birth | total population:
73.82 years male: 71.45 years female: 76.31 years (2001 est.) |
total population: 74.3 years
male: 71.9 years female: 76.82 years (2003 est.) |
| Literacy | definition:
age 15 and over can read and write total population: 88.2% male: 92.6% female: 83.4% (1995 est.) |
definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 91.8% male: 94.8% female: 88.5% (2003 est.) |
| Location | Southeastern Asia, bordering the South China Sea and Malaysia | Southeastern Asia, bordering the South China Sea and Malaysia |
| Map references | Southeast Asia | Southeast Asia |
| Maritime claims | exclusive economic zone:
200 NM or to median line territorial sea: 12 NM |
exclusive economic zone: 200 NM or to median line
territorial sea: 12 NM |
| Merchant marine | total:
7 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 348,476 GRT/340,635 DWT ships by type: liquefied gas 7 (2000 est.) |
total: 8 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 465,937 GRT/413,393 DWT
ships by type: liquefied gas 8 note: includes some foreign-owned ships registered here as a flag of convenience: UK 7 (2002 est.) |
| Military branches | Land Forces, Navy, Air Force, Royal Brunei Police | Land Forces, Navy, Air Force, Royal Brunei Police |
| Military expenditures - dollar figure | $343 million (FY98) | $329.7 million (FY02) |
| Military expenditures - percent of GDP | 5.1% (FY98) | 5% (FY02) |
| Military manpower - availability | males age 15-49:
106,725 (2001 est.) |
males age 15-49: 110,888 (2003 est.) |
| Military manpower - fit for military service | males age 15-49:
61,640 (2001 est.) |
males age 15-49: 63,966 (2003 est.) |
| Military manpower - military age | 18 years of age | 18 years of age (2003 est.) |
| Military manpower - reaching military age annually | males:
3,005 (2001 est.) |
males: 3,277 (2003 est.) |
| National holiday | National Day, 23 February (1984); note - 1 January 1984 was the date of independence from the UK, 23 February 1984 was the date of independence from British protection | National Day, 23 February (1984); note - 1 January 1984 was the date of independence from the UK, 23 February 1984 was the date of independence from British protection |
| Nationality | noun:
Bruneian(s) adjective: Bruneian |
noun: Bruneian(s)
adjective: Bruneian |
| Natural hazards | typhoons, earthquakes, and severe flooding are very rare | typhoons, earthquakes, and severe flooding are rare |
| Natural resources | petroleum, natural gas, timber | petroleum, natural gas, timber |
| Net migration rate | 4.07 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.) | 3.75 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2003 est.) |
| Pipelines | crude oil 135 km; petroleum products 418 km; natural gas 920 km | gas 665 km; oil 439 km (2003) |
| Political parties and leaders | Brunei Solidarity National Party or PPKB in Malay [Haji Mohd HATTA bin Haji Zainal Abidin, president]; the PPKB is the only legal political party in Brunei; it was registered in 1985, but became largely inactive after 1988, it was revived in 1995 and again in 1998; it has less than 200 registered party members; other parties include Brunei People's Party or PRB (banned in 1962) and Brunei National Democratic Party (registered in May 1965, deregistered by the Brunei Government in 1988) | Brunei Solidarity National Party or PPKB in Malay [Haji Mohd HATTA bin Haji Zainal Abidin, president]; note - the PPKB is the only legal political party in Brunei; it was registered in 1985 but became largely inactive after 1988; it was revived in 1995 and again in 1998; it has less than 200 registered party members; other parties include Brunei People's Party or PRB (banned in 1962) and Brunei National Democratic Party (registered in May 1965, deregistered by the Brunei Government in 1988) |
| Political pressure groups and leaders | NA | NA |
| Population | 343,653 (July 2001 est.) | 358,098 (July 2003 est.) |
| Population below poverty line | NA% | NA% |
| Population growth rate | 2.11% (2001 est.) | 2% (2003 est.) |
| Ports and harbors | Bandar Seri Begawan, Kuala Belait, Muara, Seria, Tutong | Bandar Seri Begawan, Kuala Belait, Muara, Seria, Tutong |
| Radio broadcast stations | AM 3, FM 10, shortwave 0 (1998) | AM 3, FM 10, shortwave 0 (1998) |
| Radios | 329,000 (1998) | - |
| Railways | total:
13 km (private line) narrow gauge: 13 km 0.610-m gauge |
total: 13 km (private line)
narrow gauge: 13 km 0.610-m gauge (2001 est.) |
| Religions | Muslim (official) 67%, Buddhist 13%, Christian 10%, indigenous beliefs and other 10% | Muslim (official) 67%, Buddhist 13%, Christian 10%, indigenous beliefs and other 10% |
| Sex ratio | at birth:
1.06 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.14 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.92 male(s)/female total population: 1.1 male(s)/female (2001 est.) |
at birth: 1.06 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.13 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.89 male(s)/female total population: 1.1 male(s)/female (2003 est.) |
| Suffrage | none | none |
| Telephone system | general assessment:
service throughout country is excellent; international service good to Europe, US, and East Asia domestic: every service available international: satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Indian Ocean and 1 Pacific Ocean); digital submarine cable links to Malaysia, Singapore, and Philippines (2001) |
general assessment: service throughout the country is excellent; international service is good to East Asia, Europe, and the US
domestic: every service available international: satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Indian Ocean and 1 Pacific Ocean); digital submarine cable links to Malaysia, the Philippines, and Singapore (2001) |
| Telephones - main lines in use | 79,000 (1996) | 79,000 (1996) |
| Telephones - mobile cellular | 43,524 (1996) | 43,524 (1996) |
| Television broadcast stations | 2 (1997) | 2 (1997) |
| Terrain | flat coastal plain rises to mountains in east; hilly lowland in west | flat coastal plain rises to mountains in east; hilly lowland in west |
| Total fertility rate | 2.44 children born/woman (2001 est.) | 2.37 children born/woman (2003 est.) |
| Unemployment rate | 4.9% (1995 est.) | 10% (2001 est.) |
| Waterways | 209 km; navigable by craft drawing less than 1.2 m | 209 km; navigable by craft drawing less than 1.2 m |
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