Compare Bermuda (2002) - Ireland (2004)

Compare Bermuda (2002) z Ireland (2004)

	Bermuda (2002)	Ireland (2004)

Administrative divisions	9 parishes and 2 municipalities; Devonshire, Hamilton, Hamilton, Paget, Pembroke, Saint George, Saint George's, Sandys, Smith's, Southampton, Warwick*	26 counties; Carlow, Cavan, Clare, Cork, Donegal, Dublin, Galway, Kerry, Kildare, Kilkenny, Laois, Leitrim, Limerick, Longford, Louth, Mayo, Meath, Monaghan, Offaly, Roscommon, Sligo, Tipperary, Waterford, Westmeath, Wexford, Wicklow note: Cavan, Donegal, and Monaghan are part of Ulster Province
Age structure	0-14 years: 19.2% (male 6,058; female 6,225) 15-64 years: 69.4% (male 21,950; female 22,442) 65 years and over: 11.4% (male 3,163; female 4,122) (2002 est.)	0-14 years: 21% (male 430,905; female 404,218) 15-64 years: 67.5% (male 1,342,233; female 1,337,580) 65 years and over: 11.5% (male 199,379; female 255,243) (2004 est.)
Agriculture - products	bananas, vegetables, citrus, flowers; dairy products	turnips, barley, potatoes, sugar beets, wheat; beef, dairy products
Airports	1 (2002)	36 (2003 est.)
Airports - with paved runways	total: 1 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 (2002)	total: 15 over 3,047 m: 1 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 4 914 to 1,523 m: 3 under 914 m: 6 (2004 est.)
Airports - with unpaved runways	-	total: 21 914 to 1,523 m: 4 under 914 m: 17 (2004 est.)
Area	total: 53.3 sq km land: 53.3 sq km water: 0 sq km	total: 70,280 sq km land: 68,890 sq km water: 1,390 sq km
Area - comparative	about one-third the size of Washington, DC	slightly larger than West Virginia
Background	Bermuda was first settled in 1609 by shipwrecked English colonists headed for Virginia. Tourism to the island to escape North American winters first developed in Victorian times. Tourism continues to be important to the island's economy, although international business has overtaken it in recent years. Bermuda has developed into a highly successful offshore financial center. A referendum on independence was soundly defeated in 1995.	Celtic tribes settled on the island from 600-150 B.C. Invasions by Norsemen that began in the late 8th century were finally ended when King Brian BORU defeated the Danes in 1014. English invasions began in the 12th century and set off more than seven centuries of Anglo-Irish struggle marked by fierce rebellions and harsh repressions. A failed 1916 Easter Monday Rebellion touched off several years of guerrilla warfare that in 1921 resulted in independence from the UK for 26 southern counties; six northern (Ulster) counties remained part of the United Kingdom. In 1948 Ireland withdrew from the British Commonwealth; it joined the European Community in 1973. Irish governments have sought the peaceful unification of Ireland and have cooperated with Britain against terrorist groups. A peace settlement for Northern Ireland, known as the Good Friday Agreement and approved in 1998, is being implemented with some difficulties.
Birth rate	11.82 births/1,000 population (2002 est.)	14.47 births/1,000 population (2004 est.)
Budget	revenues: $609.5 million expenditures: $574.6 million, including capital expenditures of $54.8 million (FY00/01)	revenues: $53.22 billion expenditures: $53.5 billion, including capital expenditures of $5.5 billion (2003)
Capital	Hamilton	Dublin
Climate	subtropical; mild, humid; gales, strong winds common in winter	temperate maritime; modified by North Atlantic Current; mild winters, cool summers; consistently humid; overcast about half the time
Coastline	103 km	1,448 km
Constitution	8 June 1968, amended 1989	29 December 1937; adopted 1 July 1937 by plebiscite
Country name	conventional long form: none conventional short form: Bermuda former: Somers Islands	conventional long form: none conventional short form: Ireland
Currency	Bermudian dollar (BMD)	euro (EUR) note: on 1 January 1999, the European Monetary Union introduced the euro as a common currency to be used by financial institutions of member countries; on 1 January 2002, the euro became the sole currency for everyday transactions within the member countries
Death rate	7.49 deaths/1,000 population (2002 est.)	7.91 deaths/1,000 population (2004 est.)
Debt - external	$145 million (FY99/00)	$11 billion (1998)
Dependency status	overseas territory of the UK	-
Diplomatic representation from the US	chief of mission: Consul General Denis Patrick COLEMAN, Jr. consulate(s) general: Crown Hill, 16 Middle Road, Devonshire DVQ3 mailing address: P. O. Box HM325, Hamilton HMBX; American Consulate General Hamilton, Department of State, 5300 Hamilton Place, Washington, DC 20520-5300 telephone: [1] (441) 295-1342 FAX: [1] (441) 295-1592, [1] (441) 296-9233	chief of mission: Ambassador James C. KENNY embassy: 42 Elgin Road, Ballsbridge, Dublin 4 mailing address: use embassy street address telephone: [353] (1) 668-8777 FAX: [353] (1) 668-9946
Diplomatic representation in the US	none (overseas territory of the UK)	chief of mission: Ambassador Noel FAHEY chancery: 2234 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 462-3939 FAX: [1] (202) 232-5993 consulate(s) general: Boston, Chicago, New York, and San Francisco
Disputes - international	none	disputes with Iceland, Denmark, and the UK over the Faroe Islands continental shelf boundary outside 200 nm
Economic aid - donor	-	ODA, $283 million (2001)
Economic aid - recipient	$NA	-
Economy - overview	Bermuda enjoys one of the highest per capita incomes in the world, with its economy primarily based on providing financial services for international business and luxury facilities for tourists. The effects of 11 September 2001 have had both positive and negative ramifications for Bermuda. On the positive side, a number of new reinsurance companies have located on the island, contributing to the expansion of an already robust international business sector. On the negative side, Bermuda's already weakening tourism industry - which derives over 80% of its visitors from the US - has been further hit as American tourists have chosen not to travel. Most capital equipment and food must be imported, with the US serving as the primary source of goods, followed by the UK. Bermuda's industrial sector is small, although construction continues to be important. Agriculture is limited, only 6% of the land being arable.	Ireland is a small, modern, trade-dependent economy with growth averaging a robust 8% in 1995-2002. The global slowdown, especially in the information technology sector, pressed growth down to 2.1% in 2003. Agriculture, once the most important sector, is now dwarfed by industry and services. Industry accounts for 46% of GDP and about 80% of exports and employs 28% of the labor force. Although exports remain the primary engine for Ireland's growth, the economy has also benefited from a rise in consumer spending, construction, and business investment. Per capita GDP is 10% above that of the four big European economies and the second highest in the sEU, behind Luxembourg. Over the past decade, the Irish Government has implemented a series of national economic programs designed to curb price and wage inflation, reduce government spending, increase labor force skills, and promote foreign investment. Ireland joined in launching the euro currency system in January 1999 along with 10 other EU nations.
Electricity - consumption	553.35 million kWh (2000)	21.63 billion kWh (2001)
Electricity - exports	0 kWh (2000)	285 million kWh (2001)
Electricity - imports	0 kWh (2000)	38 million kWh (2001)
Electricity - production	595 million kWh (2000)	23.53 billion kWh (2001)
Electricity - production by source	fossil fuel: 100% hydro: 0% nuclear: 0% other: 0% (2000)	-
Elevation extremes	lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m highest point: Town Hill 76 m	lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m highest point: Carrauntoohil 1,041 m
Environment - current issues	asbestos disposal; water pollution; preservation of open space; sustainable development	water pollution, especially of lakes, from agricultural runoff
Environment - international agreements	-	party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Sulfur 94, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Marine Life Conservation
Ethnic groups	black 58%, white 36%, other 6%	Celtic, English
Exchange rates	Bermudian dollar per US dollar - 1.0000 (fixed rate pegged to the US dollar)	euros per US dollar - 0.886 (2003), 1.0626 (2002), 1.1175 (2001), 1.0854 (2000), 0.9386 (1999)
Executive branch	chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by Governor Sir John VEREKER (since NA April 2002) head of government: Premier Jennifer SMITH (since 10 November 1998) cabinet: Cabinet nominated by the premier, appointed by the governor elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; governor appointed by the monarch; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or the leader of the majority coalition is usually appointed premier by the governor	chief of state: President Mary MCALEESE (since 11 November 1997) head of government: Prime Minister Bertie AHERN (since 26 June 1997) cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president with previous nomination by the prime minister and approval of the House of Representatives elections: president elected by popular vote for a seven-year term; election last held 31 October 1997 (next scheduled for 22 October 2004); note - Mary MCALEESE appointed to a second term when no other candidate qualified for the 2004 presidential election; prime minister nominated by the House of Representatives and appointed by the president election results: Mary MCALEESE elected president; percent of vote - Mary MCALEESE 44.8%, Mary BANOTTI 29.6% note: government coalition - Fianna Fail and the Progressive Democrats
Exports	$51 million (2000)	27,450 bbl/day (2001)
Exports - commodities	reexports of pharmaceuticals	machinery and equipment, computers, chemicals, pharmaceuticals; live animals, animal products (1999)
Exports - partners	EU excluding UK 77.9%, US 9.8%, UK 6.9% (1999)	US 20.5%, UK 18.1%, Belgium 12.6%, Germany 8.3%, France 6.1%, Netherlands 5.1%, Italy 4.6% (2003)
Fiscal year	1 April - 31 March	calendar year
Flag description	red, with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant and the Bermudian coat of arms (white and green shield with a red lion holding a scrolled shield showing the sinking of the ship Sea Venture off Bermuda in 1609) centered on the outer half of the flag	three equal vertical bands of green (hoist side), white, and orange; similar to the flag of Cote d'Ivoire, which is shorter and has the colors reversed - orange (hoist side), white, and green; also similar to the flag of Italy, which is shorter and has colors of green (hoist side), white, and red
GDP	purchasing power parity - $2.2 billion (2001 est.)	purchasing power parity - $116.2 billion (2003 est.)
GDP - composition by sector	agriculture: 1% industry: 10% services: 89% (1995 est.)	agriculture: 5% industry: 46% services: 49% (2002 est.)
GDP - per capita	purchasing power parity - $34,800 (2001 est.)	purchasing power parity - $29,600 (2003 est.)
GDP - real growth rate	2.9% (2001 est.)	1.4% (2003 est.)
Geographic coordinates	32 20 N, 64 45 W	53 00 N, 8 00 W
Geography - note	consists of about 138 coral islands and islets with ample rainfall, but no rivers or freshwater lakes; some land, reclaimed and otherwise, was leased by US Government from 1941 to 1995	strategic location on major air and sea routes between North America and northern Europe; over 40% of the population resides within 97 km of Dublin
Highways	total: 450 km paved: 450 km unpaved: 0 km note: public roads - 209 km; private roads - 241 km (2002)	total: 92,500 km paved: 87,043 km (including 115 km of expressways) unpaved: 5,457 km (2000 est.)
Household income or consumption by percentage share	lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%	lowest 10%: 2% highest 10%: 27.3% (1997)
Illicit drugs	-	transshipment point for and consumer of hashish from North Africa to the UK and Netherlands and of European-produced synthetic drugs; minor transshipment point for heroin and cocaine destined for Western Europe; despite recent legislation, narcotics-related money laundering using bureaux de change, trusts, shell companies involving the offshore financial community remains a concern
Imports	$719 million (2000)	178,600 bbl/day (2001)
Imports - commodities	machinery and transport equipment, construction materials, chemicals, food and live animals	data processing equipment, other machinery and equipment, chemicals; petroleum and petroleum products, textiles, clothing
Imports - partners	EU excluding UK 35.4%, US 17.8%, UK 15.4%, Russia 14.6% (1999)	UK 34.9%, US 15.8%, Germany 7.9%, Netherlands 4.1% (2003)
Independence	none (overseas territory of the UK)	6 December 1921 (from UK by treaty)
Industrial production growth rate	NA%	6.7% (2003 est.)
Industries	tourism, international business, light manufacturing	food products, brewing, textiles, clothing; chemicals, pharmaceuticals, machinery, transportation equipment, glass and crystal; software
Infant mortality rate	9.28 deaths/1,000 live births (2002 est.)	total: 5.5 deaths/1,000 live births male: 6.04 deaths/1,000 live births female: 4.92 deaths/1,000 live births (2004 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices)	3% (July 2001)	3.5% (2003 est.)
International organization participation	Caricom (observer), CCC, ICFTU, Interpol (subbureau), IOC	Australia Group, BIS, CE, EAPC, EBRD, EIB, EMU, ESA, EU, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, MIGA, MINURSO, MONUC, NAM (guest), NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OPCW, OSCE, Paris Club, PCA, PFP, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNFICYP, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNMIK, UNMIL, UNOCI, UNTSO, UPU, WCO, WEU (observer), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC
Internet Service Providers (ISPs)	20 (2000)	-
Irrigated land	NA sq km	NA sq km
Judicial branch	Supreme Court; Court of Appeal; Magistrate Courts	Supreme Court (judges appointed by the president on the advice of the prime minister and cabinet)
Labor force	37,472 (2000)	1.871 million (2003)
Labor force - by occupation	clerical 22%, services 20%, laborers 17%, professional and technical 17%, administrative and managerial 13%, sales 8%, agriculture and fishing 3% (2000 est.)	agriculture 8%, industry 29%, services 64% (2002 est.)
Land boundaries	0 km	total: 360 km border countries: UK 360 km
Land use	arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (55% developed, 45% rural/open space) (1998 est.)	arable land: 15.2% permanent crops: 0.03% other: 84.77% (2001)
Languages	English (official), Portuguese	English is the language generally used, Irish (Gaelic or Gaeilge) spoken mainly in areas located along the western seaboard
Legal system	English law	based on English common law, substantially modified by indigenous concepts; judicial review of legislative acts in Supreme Court; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Legislative branch	bicameral Parliament consists of the Senate (an 11-member body appointed by the governor, the premier, and the opposition) and the House of Assembly (40 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms) elections: last general election held 9 November 1998 (next to be held NA November 2003) election results: percent of vote by party - PLP 54%, UBP 44%, NLP 1%, independents 1%; seats by party - PLP 26, UBP 14	bicameral Parliament or Oireachtas consists of the Senate or Seanad Eireann (60 seats - 49 elected by the universities and from candidates put forward by five vocational panels, 11 are nominated by the prime minister; members serve five-year terms) and the House of Representatives or Dail Eireann (166 seats; members are elected by popular vote on the basis of proportional representation to serve five-year terms) elections: Senate - last held 16 and 17 July 2002 (next to be held by July 2007); House of Representatives - last held 17 May 2002 (next to be held by May 2007) election results: Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - Fianna Fail 30, Fine Gael 15, Labor Party 5, Progressive Democrats 4, independents and others 6; House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - Fianna Fail 41.5%, Fine Gael 22.5%, Labor Party 10.8%, Sinn Fein 6.5%, Progressive Democrats 4.0%, Green Party 3.8%, others 10.9%; seats by party - Fianna Fail 81, Fine Gael 31, Labor Party 21, Progressive Democrats 8, Green Party 6, Sinn Fein 5, others 14
Life expectancy at birth	total population: 77.3 years male: 75.21 years female: 79.27 years (2002 est.)	total population: 77.36 years male: 74.74 years female: 80.15 years (2004 est.)
Literacy	definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 98% male: 98% female: 99% (1970 est.)	definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 98% (1981 est.) male: NA female: NA
Location	North America, group of islands in the North Atlantic Ocean, east of North Carolina (US)	Western Europe, occupying five-sixths of the island of Ireland in the North Atlantic Ocean, west of Great Britain
Map references	North America	Europe
Maritime claims	exclusive fishing zone: 200 NM territorial sea: 12 NM	territorial sea: 12 nm exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm
Merchant marine	total: 102 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 5,485,450 GRT/8,782,869 DWT ships by type: bulk 28, cargo 4, container 16, liquefied gas 6, passenger 3, petroleum tanker 17, refrigerated cargo 16, roll on/roll off 9, short-sea passenger 3 note: includes some foreign-owned ships registered here as a flag of convenience: Croatia 5, Denmark 2, Germany 1, Greece 1, Hong Kong 9, Indonesia 1, Norway 2, Sweden 11, United Kingdom 52, United States 13 (2002 est.)	total: 35 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 288,401 GRT/383,628 DWT by type: bulk 7, cargo 22, chemical tanker 1, container 3, roll on/roll off 1, short-sea/passenger 1 foreign-owned: Germany 3, Italy 7, Norway 2 registered in other countries: 18 (2004 est.)
Military - note	defense is the responsibility of the UK	-
Military branches	no regular indigenous military forces; Bermuda Regiment, Bermuda Police Force, Bermuda Reserve Constabulary	Army (including Naval Service and Air Corps)
Military expenditures - dollar figure	$4,027,970 (January 2002)	$700 million (FY00/01)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP	0.11% (FY00/01)	0.9% (FY00/01)
Military manpower - availability	-	males age 15-49: 1,029,525 (2004 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service	-	males age 15-49: 827,811 (2004 est.)
Military manpower - reaching military age annually	-	males: 30,083 (2004 est.)
National holiday	Bermuda Day, 24 May	Saint Patrick's Day, 17 March
Nationality	noun: Bermudian(s) adjective: Bermudian	noun: Irishman(men), Irishwoman(women), Irish (collective plural) adjective: Irish
Natural hazards	hurricanes (June to November)	NA
Natural resources	limestone, pleasant climate fostering tourism	natural gas, peat, copper, lead, zinc, silver, barite, gypsum, limestone, dolomite
Net migration rate	2.61 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2002 est.)	4.99 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2004 est.)
Pipelines	-	gas 1,795 km (2004)
Political parties and leaders	National Liberal Party or NLP [Dessaline WALDRON]; Progressive Labor Party or PLP [Jennifer SMITH]; United Bermuda Party or UBP [Chairman Wayne FURBERT]	Fianna Fail [Bertie AHERN]; Fine Gael [Enda KENNY]; Green Party [Trevor SARGENT]; Labor Party [Pat RABITTE]; Progressive Democrats [Mary HARNEY]; Sinn Fein [Gerry ADAMS]; Socialist Party [Joe HIGGINS]; The Workers' Party [Sean GARLAND]
Political pressure groups and leaders	Bermuda Employer's Union [Eddie SAINTS]; Bermuda Industrial Union or BIU [Derrick BURGESS]; Bermuda Public Services Association or BPSA [leader NA]; Bermuda Union of Teachers [Michael CHARLES]	NA
Population	63,960 (July 2002 est.)	3,969,558 (July 2004 est.)
Population below poverty line	NA%	10% (1997 est.)
Population growth rate	0.69% (2002 est.)	1.16% (2004 est.)
Ports and harbors	Hamilton, Saint George's, Dockyard	Arklow, Cork, Drogheda, Dublin, Foynes, Galway, Limerick, New Ross, Waterford
Radio broadcast stations	AM 5, FM 3, shortwave 0 (1998)	AM 9, FM 106, shortwave 0 (1998)
Radios	82,000 (1997)	-
Railways	0 km	total: 3,312 km broad gauge: 1,947 km 1.600-m gauge (46 km electrified) narrow gauge: 1,365 km 0.914-m gauge (operated by the Irish Peat Board to transport peat to power stations and briquetting plants) (2003)
Religions	non-Anglican Protestant 39%, Anglican 27%, Roman Catholic 15%, other 19%	Roman Catholic 91.6%, Church of Ireland 2.5%, other 5.9% (1998)
Sex ratio	at birth: 0.94 male(s)/female under 15 years: 0.97 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.98 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.77 male(s)/female total population: 0.95 male(s)/female (2002 est.)	at birth: 1.07 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.07 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.78 male(s)/female total population: 0.99 male(s)/female (2004 est.)
Suffrage	18 years of age; universal	18 years of age; universal
Telephone system	general assessment: NA domestic: modern, fully automatic telephone system international: 3 submarine cables; satellite earth stations - 3 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)	general assessment: modern digital system using cable and microwave radio relay domestic: microwave radio relay international: country code - 353; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)
Telephones - main lines in use	52,000 (1997)	1.955 million (2003)
Telephones - mobile cellular	7,980 (1996)	3.4 million (2003)
Television broadcast stations	3 (1997)	4 (many low-power repeaters) (2001)
Terrain	low hills separated by fertile depressions	mostly level to rolling interior plain surrounded by rugged hills and low mountains; sea cliffs on west coast
Total fertility rate	1.81 children born/woman (2002 est.)	1.87 children born/woman (2004 est.)
Unemployment rate	4.5% (1993)	4.7% (2003 est.)
Waterways	none	753 km (pleasure craft only) (2004)

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