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Compare Bermuda (2001) - Canada (2002)

Compare Bermuda (2001) z Canada (2002)

 Bermuda (2001)Canada (2002)
 BermudaCanada
Administrative divisions 9 parishes and 2 municipalities*; Devonshire, Hamilton, Hamilton*, Paget, Pembroke, Saint George*, Saint Georges, Sandys, Smiths, Southampton, Warwick 10 provinces and 3 territories*; Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, New Brunswick, Newfoundland and Labrador, Northwest Territories*, Nova Scotia, Nunavut*, Ontario, Prince Edward Island, Quebec, Saskatchewan, Yukon Territory*
Age structure 0-14 years:
19.4% (male 6,091; female 6,230)

15-64 years:
69.43% (male 21,783; female 22,309)

65 years and over:
11.17% (male 3,073; female 4,017) (2001 est.)
0-14 years: 18.7% (male 3,059,023; female 2,910,203)


15-64 years: 68.4% (male 10,975,701; female 10,857,869)


65 years and over: 12.9% (male 1,743,654; female 2,355,818) (2002 est.)
Agriculture - products bananas, vegetables, citrus, flowers; dairy products wheat, barley, oilseed, tobacco, fruits, vegetables; dairy products; forest products; fish
Airports 1 (2000 est.) 1,419 (2001)
Airports - with paved runways total:
1

2,438 to 3,047 m:
1 (2000 est.)
total: 507


over 3,047 m: 18


2,438 to 3,047 m: 15


1,524 to 2,437 m: 149


914 to 1,523 m: 245


under 914 m: 80 (2002)
Airports - with unpaved runways - total: 882


1,524 to 2,437 m: 73


914 to 1,523 m: 363


under 914 m: 446 (2002)
Area total:
58.8 sq km

land:
58.8 sq km

water:
0 sq km
total: 9,976,140 sq km


land: 9,220,970 sq km


water: 755,170 sq km
Area - comparative about 0.3 times the size of Washington, DC somewhat larger than the US
Background Bermuda was first settled in 1609 by shipwrecked English colonists headed for Virginia. Tourism to the island to escape North American winters first developed in Victorian times. Bermuda has developed into a highly successful offshore financial center. A referendum on independence was soundly defeated in 1995. A land of vast distances and rich natural resources, Canada became a self-governing dominion in 1867 while retaining ties to the British crown. Economically and technologically the nation has developed in parallel with the US, its neighbor to the south across an unfortified border. Its paramount political problem continues to be the relationship of the province of Quebec, with its French-speaking residents and unique culture, to the remainder of the country.
Birth rate 12.16 births/1,000 population (2001 est.) 11.09 births/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Budget revenues:
$504.6 million

expenditures:
$537 million, including capital expenditures of $75 million (FY97/98)
revenues: $178.6 billion


expenditures: $161.4 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (FY00/01 est. )
Capital Hamilton Ottawa
Climate subtropical; mild, humid; gales, strong winds common in winter varies from temperate in south to subarctic and arctic in north
Coastline 103 km 202,080 km
Constitution 8 June 1968, amended 1989 17 April 1982 (Constitution Act); originally, the machinery of the government was set up in the British North America Act of 1867; charter of rights and unwritten customs
Country name conventional long form:
none

conventional short form:
Bermuda

former:
Somers Islands
conventional long form: none


conventional short form: Canada
Currency Bermudian dollar (BMD) Canadian dollar (CAD)
Death rate 7.42 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.) 7.54 deaths/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Debt - external $NA $1.9 billion (2000) (2000)
Dependency status overseas territory of the UK -
Diplomatic representation from the US chief of mission:
Consul General Lawrence D. OWEN

consulate(s) general:
Crown Hill, 16 Middle Road, Devonshire, Hamilton

mailing address:
P. O. Box HM325, Hamilton HMBX; American Consulate General Hamilton, Department of State, Washington, DC 20520-5300

telephone:
[1] (441) 295-1342

FAX:
[1] (441) 295-1592
chief of mission: Ambassador Paul CELLUCCI


embassy: 490 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 1G8


mailing address: P. O. Box 866, Station B, Ottawa, Ontario K1P 5T1


telephone: [1] (613) 238-5335, 4470


FAX: [1] (613) 688-3082


consulate(s) general: Calgary, Halifax, Montreal, Quebec, Toronto, and Vancouver
Diplomatic representation in the US none (overseas territory of the UK) chief of mission: Ambassador Michael F. KERGIN


chancery: 501 Pennsylvania Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20001


telephone: [1] (202) 682-1740


FAX: [1] (202) 682-7726


consulate(s) general: Atlanta, Boston, Buffalo, Chicago, Dallas, Detroit, Los Angeles, Minneapolis, New York, and Seattle


consulate(s): Miami, Princeton, San Francisco, and San Jose
Disputes - international none maritime boundary disputes with the US (Dixon Entrance, Beaufort Sea, Strait of Juan de Fuca, Machias Seal Island)
Economic aid - donor - ODA, $1.3 billion (1999) (1999)
Economic aid - recipient $27.9 million (1995) -
Economy - overview Bermuda enjoys one of the highest per capita incomes in the world, having successfully exploited its location by providing financial services for international firms and luxury tourist facilities for 360,000 visitors annually. The tourist industry, which accounts for an estimated 28% of GDP, attracts 84% of its business from North America. The industrial sector is small, and agriculture is severely limited by a lack of suitable land. About 80% of food needs are imported. International business contributes over 60% of Bermuda's economic output; a failed independence vote in late 1995 can be partially attributed to Bermudian fears of scaring away foreign firms. Government economic priorities are the further strengthening of the tourist and international financial sectors. As an affluent, high-tech industrial society, Canada today closely resembles the US in its market-oriented economic system, pattern of production, and high living standards. Since World War II, the impressive growth of the manufacturing, mining, and service sectors has transformed the nation from a largely rural economy into one primarily industrial and urban. The 1989 US-Canada Free Trade Agreement (FTA) and the 1994 North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) (which includes Mexico) touched off a dramatic increase in trade and economic integration with the US. As a result of the close cross-border relationship, the economic sluggishness in the United States in 2001-02 had a negative impact on the Canadian economy. Real growth averaged nearly 3% during 1993-2000, but declined in 2001, with moderate recovery in 2002. Unemployment is up, with contraction in the manufacturing and natural resource sectors. Nevertheless, given its great natural resources, skilled labor force, and modern capital plant Canada enjoys solid economic prospects. Two shadows loom, the first being the continuing constitutional impasse between English- and French-speaking areas, which has been raising the spectre of a split in the federation. Another long-term concern is the flow south to the US of professionals lured by higher pay, lower taxes, and the immense high-tech infrastructure. A key strength in the economy is the substantial trade surplus.
Electricity - consumption 511.5 million kWh (1999) 499.77 billion kWh (2000)
Electricity - exports 0 kWh (1999) 48.802 billion kWh (2000)
Electricity - imports 0 kWh (1999) 12.685 billion kWh (2000)
Electricity - production 550 million kWh (1999) 576.22 billion kWh (2000)
Electricity - production by source fossil fuel:
100%

hydro:
0%

nuclear:
0%

other:
0% (1999)
fossil fuel: 25%


hydro: 61%


nuclear: 12%


other: 2% (2000)
Elevation extremes lowest point:
Atlantic Ocean 0 m

highest point:
Town Hill 76 m
lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m


highest point: Mount Logan 5,959 m
Environment - current issues asbestos disposal; water pollution; preservation of open space air pollution and resulting acid rain severely affecting lakes and damaging forests; metal smelting, coal-burning utilities, and vehicle emissions impacting on agricultural and forest productivity; ocean waters becoming contaminated due to agricultural, industrial, mining, and forestry activities
Environment - international agreements - party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulphur 85, Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Seals, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands


signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation
Ethnic groups black 58%, white 36%, other 6% British Isles origin 28%, French origin 23%, other European 15%, Amerindian 2%, other, mostly Asian, African, Arab 6%, mixed background 26%
Exchange rates Bermudian dollar per US dollar - 1.0000 (fixed rate pegged to the US dollar) Canadian dollars per US dollar - 1.6003 (January 2002), 1.5488 (2001), 1.4851 (2000), 1.4857 (1999), 1.4835 (1998), 1.3846 (1997)
Executive branch chief of state:
Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by Governor Thorold MASEFIELD (since NA June 1997)

head of government:
Premier Jennifer SMITH (since 10 November 1998)

cabinet:
Cabinet nominated by the premier, appointed by the governor

elections:
none; the monarch is hereditary; governor appointed by the monarch; governor invites leader of largest party in Parliament to form a government as premier
chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by Governor General Adrienne CLARKSON (since 7 October 1999)


head of government: Prime Minister Jean CHRETIEN (since 4 November 1993); Deputy Prime Minister John MANLEY (since NA January 2002)


cabinet: Federal Ministry chosen by the prime minister from among the members of his own party sitting in Parliament


elections: none; the monarchy is hereditary; governor general appointed by the monarch on the advice of the prime minister for a five-year term; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or the leader of the majority coalition in the House of Commons is automatically designated prime minister by the governor general
Exports $56 million (2000 est.) $260.5 billion f.o.b. (2002 est.)
Exports - commodities reexports of pharmaceuticals motor vehicles and parts, industrial machinery, aircraft, telecommunications equipment; chemicals, plastics, fertilizers; wood pulp, timber, crude petroleum, natural gas, electricity, aluminum
Exports - partners UK 29.5%, US 9.8% (1997) US 84.6%, Japan 2.2%, UK 1.6%, other EU 2.2% (2000)
Fiscal year 1 April - 31 March 1 April - 31 March
Flag description red, with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant and the Bermudian coat of arms (white and green shield with a red lion holding a scrolled shield showing the sinking of the ship Sea Venture off Bermuda in 1609) centered on the outer half of the flag three vertical bands of red (hoist side), white (double width, square), and red with a red maple leaf centered in the white band
GDP purchasing power parity - $2.1 billion (2000 est.) purchasing power parity - $923 billion (2002 est.)
GDP - composition by sector agriculture:
1%

industry:
10%

services:
89% (1995 est.)
agriculture: 2%


industry: 27%


services: 71% (2001 est.)
GDP - per capita purchasing power parity - $33,000 (2000 est.) purchasing power parity - $29,400 (2002 est.)
GDP - real growth rate 1.5% (2000 est.) 3.4% (2002 est.)
Geographic coordinates 32 20 N, 64 45 W 60 00 N, 95 00 W
Geography - note consists of about 360 small coral islands with ample rainfall, but no rivers or freshwater lakes; some land, reclaimed and otherwise, was leased by US Government from 1941 to 1995 second-largest country in world (after Russia); strategic location between Russia and US via north polar route; approximately 85% of the population is concentrated within 300 km of the US/Canada border
Heliports - 12 (2002)
Highways total:
225 km

paved:
225 km

unpaved:
0 km

note:
in addition, there are 232 km of paved and unpaved roads that are privately owned (1997)
total: 901,902 km


paved: 318,371 km (including 16,571 km of expressways)


unpaved: 583,531 km (1999)
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%:
NA%

highest 10%:
NA%
lowest 10%: 3%


highest 10%: 24% (1994) (1994)
Illicit drugs - illicit producer of cannabis for the domestic drug market; use of hydroponics technology permits growers to plant large quantities of high-quality marijuana indoors; transit point for heroin and cocaine entering the US market; vulnerable to narcotics money laundering because of its mature financial services sector
Imports $739 million (2000 est.) $229 billion f.o.b. (2002 est.)
Imports - commodities machinery and transport equipment, construction materials, chemicals, food and live animals machinery and equipment, motor vehicles and parts, crude oil, chemicals, electricity, durable consumer goods
Imports - partners US 34%, UK 9%, Mexico 8% (1997) US 72.7%, UK 3.4%, other EU 3.2%, Japan 3.0% (2001)
Independence none (overseas territory of the UK) 1 July 1867 (from UK)
Industrial production growth rate NA% 2.2% (2002 est.)
Industries tourism, finance, insurance, structural concrete products, paints, perfumes, pharmaceuticals, ship repairing transportation equipment, chemicals, processed and unprocessed minerals, food products; wood and paper products; fish products, petroleum and natural gas
Infant mortality rate 9.55 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.) 4.95 deaths/1,000 live births (2002 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2.7% (2000 est.) 2.2% (2002 est.)
International organization participation Caricom (observer), CCC, ICFTU, Interpol (subbureau), IOC ACCT, AfDB, APEC, ARF (dialogue partner), AsDB, ASEAN (dialogue partner), Australia Group, BIS, C, CCC, CDB, CE (observer), EAPC, EBRD, ECE, ECLAC, ESA (cooperating state), FAO, G- 7, G- 8, G-10, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, MINURCA, MIPONUH, MONUC, NAM (guest), NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS, OECD, OPCW, OSCE, PCA, UN, UNAMSIL, UNCTAD, UNDOF, UNESCO, UNFICYP, UNHCR, UNMEE, UNMIBH, UNMIK, UNMOP, UNMOVIC, UNTSO, UNU, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO, ZC
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) 20 (2000) 760 (2000 est.)
Irrigated land NA sq km 7,200 sq km (1998 est.)
Judicial branch Supreme Court; Court of Appeal; Magistrate Courts Supreme Court of Canada (judges are appointed by the prime minister through the governor general); Federal Court of Canada; Federal Court of Appeal; Provincial Courts (these are named variously Court of Appeal, Court of Queens Bench, Superior Court, Supreme Court, and Court of Justice)
Labor force 35,296 (1997) 16.4 million (2001 est.)
Labor force - by occupation clerical 23%, services 22%, laborers 17%, professional and technical 17%, administrative and managerial 12%, sales 7%, agriculture and fishing 2% (1996) services 74%, manufacturing 15%, construction 5%, agriculture 3%, other 3% (2000) (2000)
Land boundaries 0 km total: 8,893 km


border countries: US 8,893 km (includes 2,477 km with Alaska)
Land use arable land:
6%

permanent crops:
0%

permanent pastures:
0%

forests and woodland:
0%

other:
94% (55% developed, 39% rural/open space) (1997 est.)
arable land: 4.94%


permanent crops: 0.02%


other: 95.04% (1998 est.)
Languages English (official), Portuguese English 59.3% (official), French 23.2% (official), other 17.5%
Legal system English law based on English common law, except in Quebec, where civil law system based on French law prevails; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations
Legislative branch bicameral Parliament consists of the Senate (an 11-member body appointed by the governor) and the House of Assembly (40 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)

elections:
last held 9 November 1998 (next to be held NA November 2003)

election results:
percent of vote by party - PLP 54%, UBP 44%, NLP 1%, independents 1%; seats by party - PLP 26, UBP 14
bicameral Parliament or Parlement consists of the Senate or Senat (members appointed by the governor general with the advice of the prime minister and serve until reaching 75 years of age; its normal limit is 105 senators) and the House of Commons or Chambre des Communes (301 seats; members elected by direct, popular vote to serve five-year terms)


elections: House of Commons - last held 27 November 2000 (next to be held by 2005)


election results: House of Commons - percent of vote by party - Liberal Party 41%, Canadian Alliance 26%, Bloc Quebecois 11%, New Democratic Party 9%, Progressive Conservative Party 12%; seats by party - Liberal Party 172, Canadian Alliance 66, Bloc Quebecois 38, New Democratic Party 13, Progressive Conservative Party 12; note - percent of vote by party as of January 2002 - Liberal Party 51%, Canadian Alliance 10%, Bloc Quebecois 10%, New Democratic Party 9%, Progressive Conservative Party 18%; seats by party - Liberal Party 172, Canadian Alliance 66, Bloc Quebecois 38, New Democratic Party 13, Progressive Conservative Party 12
Life expectancy at birth total population:
77.12 years

male:
75.04 years

female:
79.06 years (2001 est.)
total population: 79.69 years


male: 76.3 years


female: 83.25 years (2002 est.)
Literacy definition:
age 15 and over can read and write

total population:
98%

male:
98%

female:
99% (1970 est.)
definition: age 15 and over can read and write


total population: 97% (1986 est.)


male: NA%


female: NA%
Location North America, group of islands in the North Atlantic Ocean, east of North Carolina (US) Northern North America, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean on the east, North Pacific Ocean on the west, and the Arctic Ocean on the north, north of the conterminous US
Map references North America North America
Maritime claims exclusive fishing zone:
200 NM

territorial sea:
12 NM
contiguous zone: 24 NM


continental shelf: 200 NM or to the edge of the continental margin


exclusive economic zone: 200 NM


territorial sea: 12 NM
Merchant marine total:
105 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 5,836,538 GRT/9,728,045 DWT

ships by type:
bulk 27, cargo 4, container 15, liquefied gas 7, passenger 2, petroleum tanker 23, refrigerated cargo 16, roll on/roll off 8, short-sea passenger 3

note:
includes some foreign-owned ships registered here as a flag of convenience: Canada 10, Hong Kong 10, Japan 1, Nigeria 4, Saudi Arabia 1, Sweden 3, Switzerland 2, UK 10, US 7 (2000 est.)
total: 122 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 1,797,240 GRT/2,680,223 DWT


ships by type: barge carrier 1, bulk 66, cargo 13, chemical tanker 5, combination bulk 2, passenger 2, passenger/cargo 1, petroleum tanker 18, railcar carrier 2, roll on/roll off 8, short-sea passenger 3, specialized tanker 1


note: includes some foreign-owned ships registered here as a flag of convenience: Germany 3, Monaco 16, United Kingdom 1, United States 1 (2002 est.)
Military - note defense is the responsibility of the UK -
Military branches Bermuda Regiment, Bermuda Police Force, Bermuda Reserve Constabulary Canadian Armed Forces (comprising Land Forces Command, Maritime Command, Air Command, Communications Command, Training Command)
Military expenditures - dollar figure $NA $7,860.5 million (FY01/02)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP NA% 1.1% (FY01/02)
Military manpower - availability - males age 15-49: 8,361,475 (2002 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service - males age 15-49: 7,139,068 (2002 est.)
Military manpower - military age - 17 years of age (2002 est.)
Military manpower - reaching military age annually - males: 217,516 (2002 est.)
National holiday Bermuda Day, 24 May Canada Day, 1 July (1867)
Nationality noun:
Bermudian(s)

adjective:
Bermudian
noun: Canadian(s)


adjective: Canadian
Natural hazards hurricanes (June to November) continuous permafrost in north is a serious obstacle to development; cyclonic storms form east of the Rocky Mountains, a result of the mixing of air masses from the Arctic, Pacific, and North American interior, and produce most of the country's rain and snow east of the mountains
Natural resources limestone, pleasant climate fostering tourism iron ore, nickel, zinc, copper, gold, lead, molybdenum, potash, silver, fish, timber, wildlife, coal, petroleum, natural gas, hydropower
Net migration rate 2.66 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.) 6.07 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Pipelines - crude and refined oil 23,564 km; natural gas 74,980 km
Political parties and leaders National Liberal Party or NLP [Dessaline WALDRON]; Progressive Labor Party or PLP [Jennifer SMITH]; United Bermuda Party or UBP [Pamela GORDON] Bloc Quebecois [Gilles DUCEPPE]; Canadian Alliance [Stephen HARPER]; Liberal Party [Jean CHRETIEN]; New Democratic Party [Jack LAYTON]; Progressive Conservative Party [Joe CLARK]
Political pressure groups and leaders Bermuda Industrial Union or BIU [Derrick BURGESS]; Bermuda Public Services Association or BPSA [Betty CHRISTOPHER] NA
Population 63,503 (July 2001 est.) 31,902,268 (July 2002 est.)
Population below poverty line NA% NA%
Population growth rate 0.74% (2001 est.) 0.96% (2002 est.)
Ports and harbors Hamilton, Saint George Becancour (Quebec), Churchill, Halifax, Hamilton, Montreal, New Westminster, Prince Rupert, Quebec, Saint John (New Brunswick), St. John's (Newfoundland), Sept Isles, Sydney, Trois-Rivieres, Thunder Bay, Toronto, Vancouver, Windsor
Radio broadcast stations AM 5, FM 3, shortwave 0 (1998) AM 535, FM 53, shortwave 6 (1998)
Radios 82,000 (1997) 32.3 million (1997)
Railways 0 km total: 36,114 km


standard gauge: 36,114 km 1.435-m gauge (156 km electrified)


note: Canada has two major transcontinental freight railway systems: Canadian National (privatized November 1995) and Canadian Pacific Railway; passenger service is provided by the government-operated firm VIA, which has no trackage of its own (2000 est.)
Religions non-Anglican Protestant 39%, Anglican 27%, Roman Catholic 15%, other 19% Roman Catholic 46%, Protestant 36%, other 18%


note: based on the 1991 census
Sex ratio at birth:
0.94 male(s)/female

under 15 years:
0.98 male(s)/female

15-64 years:
0.98 male(s)/female

65 years and over:
0.76 male(s)/female

total population:
0.95 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 1.01 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.74 male(s)/female


total population: 0.98 male(s)/female (2002 est.)
Suffrage 18 years of age; universal 18 years of age; universal
Telephone system general assessment:
NA

domestic:
modern, fully automatic telephone system

international:
3 submarine cables; satellite earth stations - 3 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)
general assessment: excellent service provided by modern technology


domestic: domestic satellite system with about 300 earth stations


international: 5 coaxial submarine cables; satellite earth stations - 5 Intelsat (4 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Pacific Ocean) and 2 Intersputnik (Atlantic Ocean region)
Telephones - main lines in use 52,000 (1997) 20,802,900 (1999)
Telephones - mobile cellular 7,980 (1996) 8,751,300 (1997)
Television broadcast stations 3 (1997) 80 (plus many repeaters) (1997)
Terrain low hills separated by fertile depressions mostly plains with mountains in west and lowlands in southeast
Total fertility rate 1.81 children born/woman (2001 est.) 1.6 children born/woman (2002 est.)
Unemployment rate NEGL% (1995) 7.6% (2002 est.)
Waterways none 3,000 km (including Saint Lawrence Seaway)
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