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Compare Bermuda (2001) - Cambodia (2007)

Compare Bermuda (2001) z Cambodia (2007)

 Bermuda (2001)Cambodia (2007)
 BermudaCambodia
Administrative divisions 9 parishes and 2 municipalities*; Devonshire, Hamilton, Hamilton*, Paget, Pembroke, Saint George*, Saint Georges, Sandys, Smiths, Southampton, Warwick 20 provinces (khaitt, singular and plural) and 4 municipalities* (krong, singular and plural)


provinces: Banteay Mean Cheay, Batdambang, Kampong Cham, Kampong Chhnang, Kampong Spoe, Kampong Thum, Kampot, Kandal, Kaoh Kong, Krachen, Mondol Kiri, Otdar Mean Cheay, Pouthisat, Preah Vihear, Prey Veng, Rotanah Kiri, Siem Reab, Stoeng Treng, Svay Rieng, Takev


municipalities: Keb, Pailin, Phnum Penh (Phnom Penh), Preah Seihanu (Sihanoukville)
Age structure 0-14 years:
19.4% (male 6,091; female 6,230)

15-64 years:
69.43% (male 21,783; female 22,309)

65 years and over:
11.17% (male 3,073; female 4,017) (2001 est.)
0-14 years: 34% (male 2,405,561/female 2,355,404)


15-64 years: 62.4% (male 4,234,701/female 4,500,994)


65 years and over: 3.6% (male 189,090/female 310,154) (2007 est.)
Agriculture - products bananas, vegetables, citrus, flowers; dairy products rice, rubber, corn, vegetables, cashews, tapioca
Airports 1 (2000 est.) 17 (2007)
Airports - with paved runways total:
1

2,438 to 3,047 m:
1 (2000 est.)
total: 6


2,438 to 3,047 m: 2


1,524 to 2,437 m: 2


914 to 1,523 m: 2 (2007)
Airports - with unpaved runways - total: 11


1,524 to 2,437 m: 1


914 to 1,523 m: 9


under 914 m: 1 (2007)
Area total:
58.8 sq km

land:
58.8 sq km

water:
0 sq km
total: 181,040 sq km


land: 176,520 sq km


water: 4,520 sq km
Area - comparative about 0.3 times the size of Washington, DC slightly smaller than Oklahoma
Background Bermuda was first settled in 1609 by shipwrecked English colonists headed for Virginia. Tourism to the island to escape North American winters first developed in Victorian times. Bermuda has developed into a highly successful offshore financial center. A referendum on independence was soundly defeated in 1995. Most Cambodians consider themselves to be Khmers, descendants of the Angkor Empire that extended over much of Southeast Asia and reached its zenith between the 10th and 13th centuries. Attacks by the Thai and Cham (from present-day Vietnam) weakened the empire ushering in a long period of decline. The king placed the country under French protection in 1863. Cambodia became part of French Indochina in 1887. Following Japanese occupation in World War II, Cambodia gained full independence from France in 1953. In April 1975, after a five-year struggle, Communist Khmer Rouge forces captured Phnom Penh and evacuated all cities and towns. At least 1.5 million Cambodians died from execution, forced hardships, or starvation during the Khmer Rouge regime under POL POT. A December 1978 Vietnamese invasion drove the Khmer Rouge into the countryside, began a 10-year Vietnamese occupation, and touched off almost 13 years of civil war. The 1991 Paris Peace Accords mandated democratic elections and a ceasefire, which was not fully respected by the Khmer Rouge. UN-sponsored elections in 1993 helped restore some semblance of normalcy under a coalition government. Factional fighting in 1997 ended the first coalition government, but a second round of national elections in 1998 led to the formation of another coalition government and renewed political stability. The remaining elements of the Khmer Rouge surrendered in early 1999. Some of the remaining Khmer Rouge leaders are awaiting trial by a UN-sponsored tribunal for crimes against humanity. Elections in July 2003 were relatively peaceful, but it took one year of negotiations between contending political parties before a coalition government was formed.
Birth rate 12.16 births/1,000 population (2001 est.) 25.53 births/1,000 population (2007 est.)
Budget revenues:
$504.6 million

expenditures:
$537 million, including capital expenditures of $75 million (FY97/98)
revenues: $836.2 million


expenditures: $978.7 million (2006 est.)
Capital Hamilton name: Phnom Penh


geographic coordinates: 11 33 N, 104 55 E


time difference: UTC+7 (12 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)
Climate subtropical; mild, humid; gales, strong winds common in winter tropical; rainy, monsoon season (May to November); dry season (December to April); little seasonal temperature variation
Coastline 103 km 443 km
Constitution 8 June 1968, amended 1989 promulgated 21 September 1993
Country name conventional long form:
none

conventional short form:
Bermuda

former:
Somers Islands
conventional long form: Kingdom of Cambodia


conventional short form: Cambodia


local long form: Preahreacheanachakr Kampuchea (phonetic pronunciation)


local short form: Kampuchea


former: Khmer Republic, Democratic Kampuchea, People's Republic of Kampuchea, State of Cambodia
Currency Bermudian dollar (BMD) -
Death rate 7.42 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.) 8.24 deaths/1,000 population (2007 est.)
Debt - external $NA $3.636 billion (2006 est.)
Dependency status overseas territory of the UK -
Diplomatic representation from the US chief of mission:
Consul General Lawrence D. OWEN

consulate(s) general:
Crown Hill, 16 Middle Road, Devonshire, Hamilton

mailing address:
P. O. Box HM325, Hamilton HMBX; American Consulate General Hamilton, Department of State, Washington, DC 20520-5300

telephone:
[1] (441) 295-1342

FAX:
[1] (441) 295-1592
chief of mission: Ambassador Joseph A. MUSSOMELI


embassy: #1, Street 96, Sangkat Wat Phnom, Khan Daun Penh, Phnom Penh


mailing address: Box P, APO AP 96546


telephone: [855] (23) 728-000


FAX: [855] (23) 728-600
Diplomatic representation in the US none (overseas territory of the UK) chief of mission: Ambassador EK SEREYWATH


chancery: 4530 16th Street NW, Washington, DC 20011


telephone: [1] (202) 726-7742


FAX: [1] (202) 726-8381
Disputes - international none Southeast Asian states must maintain border surveillance to check the spread of avian flu; Cambodia and Thailand dispute sections of boundary with missing boundary markers and claims of Thai encroachments into Cambodian territory; maritime boundary with Vietnam is hampered by unresolved dispute over sovereignty of offshore islands; Cambodia accuses Thailand of obstructing access to Preah Vihear temple ruins awarded to Cambodia by ICJ decision in 1962
Economic aid - recipient $27.9 million (1995) $537.8 million pledged in grants and concession loans for 2005 by international donors (2005)
Economy - overview Bermuda enjoys one of the highest per capita incomes in the world, having successfully exploited its location by providing financial services for international firms and luxury tourist facilities for 360,000 visitors annually. The tourist industry, which accounts for an estimated 28% of GDP, attracts 84% of its business from North America. The industrial sector is small, and agriculture is severely limited by a lack of suitable land. About 80% of food needs are imported. International business contributes over 60% of Bermuda's economic output; a failed independence vote in late 1995 can be partially attributed to Bermudian fears of scaring away foreign firms. Government economic priorities are the further strengthening of the tourist and international financial sectors. In 1999, the first full year of peace in 30 years, the government made progress on economic reforms. The US and Cambodia signed a Bilateral Textile Agreement, which gave Cambodia a guaranteed quota of US textile imports and established a bonus for improving working conditions and enforcing Cambodian labor laws and international labor standards in the industry. From 2001 to 2004, the economy grew at an average rate of 6.4%, driven largely by an expansion in the garment sector and tourism. With the January 2005 expiration of a WTO Agreement on Textiles and Clothing, Cambodia-based textile producers were forced to compete directly with lower-priced producing countries such as China and India. Better-than-expected garment sector performance led to more than 13% growth in 2006. Faced with the possibility that its vibrant garment industry, with more than 200,000 jobs, could be in serious danger, the Cambodian government has committed itself to a policy of continued support for high labor standards in an attempt to maintain favor with buyers. The tourism industry continues to grow rapidly, with foreign visitors surpassing 1 million per year beginning in 2005. In 2005, exploitable oil and natural gas deposits were found beneath Cambodia's territorial waters, representing a new revenue stream for the government once commercial extraction begins in the coming years. Mining also is attracting significant investor interest, particularly in the northeastern parts of the country. The long-term development of the economy remains a daunting challenge. The Cambodian government is working with bilateral and multilateral donors, including the World Bank and IMF, to address the country's many pressing needs. The major economic challenge for Cambodia over the next decade will be fashioning an economic environment in which the private sector can create enough jobs to handle Cambodia's demographic imbalance. More than 50% of the population is less than 21 years old. The population lacks education and productive skills, particularly in the poverty-ridden countryside, which suffers from an almost total lack of basic infrastructure.
Electricity - consumption 511.5 million kWh (1999) 206.6 million kWh (2005)
Electricity - exports 0 kWh (1999) 0 kWh (2005)
Electricity - imports 0 kWh (1999) 82 million kWh (2005)
Electricity - production 550 million kWh (1999) 134 million kWh (2005)
Electricity - production by source fossil fuel:
100%

hydro:
0%

nuclear:
0%

other:
0% (1999)
-
Elevation extremes lowest point:
Atlantic Ocean 0 m

highest point:
Town Hill 76 m
lowest point: Gulf of Thailand 0 m


highest point: Phnum Aoral 1,810 m
Environment - current issues asbestos disposal; water pollution; preservation of open space illegal logging activities throughout the country and strip mining for gems in the western region along the border with Thailand have resulted in habitat loss and declining biodiversity (in particular, destruction of mangrove swamps threatens natural fisheries); soil erosion; in rural areas, most of the population does not have access to potable water; declining fish stocks because of illegal fishing and overfishing
Environment - international agreements - party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling


signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea
Ethnic groups black 58%, white 36%, other 6% Khmer 90%, Vietnamese 5%, Chinese 1%, other 4%
Exchange rates Bermudian dollar per US dollar - 1.0000 (fixed rate pegged to the US dollar) riels per US dollar - 4,103 (2006), 4,092.5 (2005), 4,016.25 (2004), 3,973.33 (2003), 3,912.08 (2002)
Executive branch chief of state:
Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by Governor Thorold MASEFIELD (since NA June 1997)

head of government:
Premier Jennifer SMITH (since 10 November 1998)

cabinet:
Cabinet nominated by the premier, appointed by the governor

elections:
none; the monarch is hereditary; governor appointed by the monarch; governor invites leader of largest party in Parliament to form a government as premier
chief of state: King Norodom SIHAMONI (since 29 October 2004)


head of government: Prime Minister HUN SEN (since 14 January 1985); Deputy Prime Ministers SAR KHENG (since 3 February 1992); SOK AN, LU LAY SRENG, TEA BANH, HOR NAMHONG, NHEK BUNCHHAY (since 16 July 2004); KEV PUT REAKSMEI (since 24 October 2006), BIN CHHIN (since 5 September 2007)


cabinet: Council of Ministers in theory appointed by the monarch; in practice named by the prime minister


elections: none; the monarch is chosen by a Royal Throne Council; following legislative elections, a member of the majority party or majority coalition is named prime minister by the Chairman of the National Assembly and appointed by the king
Exports $56 million (2000 est.) NA bbl/day
Exports - commodities reexports of pharmaceuticals clothing, timber, rubber, rice, fish, tobacco, footwear
Exports - partners UK 29.5%, US 9.8% (1997) US 53.3%, Hong Kong 15.2%, Germany 6.6%, UK 4.3% (2006)
Fiscal year 1 April - 31 March calendar year
Flag description red, with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant and the Bermudian coat of arms (white and green shield with a red lion holding a scrolled shield showing the sinking of the ship Sea Venture off Bermuda in 1609) centered on the outer half of the flag three horizontal bands of blue (top), red (double width), and blue with a white three-towered temple representing Angkor Wat outlined in black in the center of the red band; only national flag to incorporate an actual building in its design
GDP purchasing power parity - $2.1 billion (2000 est.) -
GDP - composition by sector agriculture:
1%

industry:
10%

services:
89% (1995 est.)
agriculture: 35.1%


industry: 26.2%


services: 38.6% (2006 est.)
GDP - per capita purchasing power parity - $33,000 (2000 est.) -
GDP - real growth rate 1.5% (2000 est.) 10.5% (2006 est.)
Geographic coordinates 32 20 N, 64 45 W 13 00 N, 105 00 E
Geography - note consists of about 360 small coral islands with ample rainfall, but no rivers or freshwater lakes; some land, reclaimed and otherwise, was leased by US Government from 1941 to 1995 a land of paddies and forests dominated by the Mekong River and Tonle Sap
Heliports - 1 (2007)
Highways total:
225 km

paved:
225 km

unpaved:
0 km

note:
in addition, there are 232 km of paved and unpaved roads that are privately owned (1997)
-
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%:
NA%

highest 10%:
NA%
lowest 10%: 2.9%


highest 10%: 34.8% (2004)
Illicit drugs - narcotics-related corruption reportedly involving some in the government, military, and police; limited methamphetamine production; vulnerable to money laundering due to its cash-based economy and porous borders
Imports $739 million (2000 est.) NA bbl/day
Imports - commodities machinery and transport equipment, construction materials, chemicals, food and live animals petroleum products, cigarettes, gold, construction materials, machinery, motor vehicles, pharmaceutical products
Imports - partners US 34%, UK 9%, Mexico 8% (1997) Hong Kong 18.1%, China 17.5%, Thailand 13.9%, Taiwan 12.7%, Vietnam 9%, Singapore 5.3%, South Korea 4.9%, Japan 4.3% (2006)
Independence none (overseas territory of the UK) 9 November 1953 (from France)
Industrial production growth rate NA% 22% (2002 est.)
Industries tourism, finance, insurance, structural concrete products, paints, perfumes, pharmaceuticals, ship repairing tourism, garments, rice milling, fishing, wood and wood products, rubber, cement, gem mining, textiles
Infant mortality rate 9.55 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.) total: 58.45 deaths/1,000 live births


male: 65.74 deaths/1,000 live births


female: 50.84 deaths/1,000 live births (2007 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2.7% (2000 est.) 4.7% (2006 est.)
International organization participation Caricom (observer), CCC, ICFTU, Interpol (subbureau), IOC ACCT, APT, ARF, AsDB, ASEAN, EAS, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (subscriber), ITU, MIGA, NAM, OIF, OPCW, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNMIS, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) 20 (2000) -
Irrigated land NA sq km 2,700 sq km (2003)
Judicial branch Supreme Court; Court of Appeal; Magistrate Courts Supreme Council of the Magistracy (provided for in the constitution and formed in December 1997); Supreme Court (and lower courts) exercises judicial authority
Labor force 35,296 (1997) 7 million (2003 est.)
Labor force - by occupation clerical 23%, services 22%, laborers 17%, professional and technical 17%, administrative and managerial 12%, sales 7%, agriculture and fishing 2% (1996) agriculture: 75%


industry: NA%


services: NA% (2004 est.)
Land boundaries 0 km total: 2,572 km


border countries: Laos 541 km, Thailand 803 km, Vietnam 1,228 km
Land use arable land:
6%

permanent crops:
0%

permanent pastures:
0%

forests and woodland:
0%

other:
94% (55% developed, 39% rural/open space) (1997 est.)
arable land: 20.44%


permanent crops: 0.59%


other: 78.97% (2005)
Languages English (official), Portuguese Khmer (official) 95%, French, English
Legal system English law primarily a civil law mixture of French-influenced codes from the United Nations Transitional Authority in Cambodia (UNTAC) period, royal decrees, and acts of the legislature, with influences of customary law and remnants of communist legal theory; increasing influence of common law; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations
Legislative branch bicameral Parliament consists of the Senate (an 11-member body appointed by the governor) and the House of Assembly (40 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)

elections:
last held 9 November 1998 (next to be held NA November 2003)

election results:
percent of vote by party - PLP 54%, UBP 44%, NLP 1%, independents 1%; seats by party - PLP 26, UBP 14
bicameral, consists of the National Assembly (123 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms) and the Senate (61 seats; 2 members appointed by the monarch, 2 elected by the National Assembly, and 57 elected by parliamentarians and commune councils; members serve five-year terms)


elections: National Assembly - last held 27 July 2003 (next to be held in July 2008); Senate - last held 22 January 2006 (next to be held in January 2011)


election results: National Assembly - percent of vote by party - CPP 47%, SRP 22%, FUNCINPEC 21%, other 10%; seats by party - CPP 73, FUNCINPEC 26, SRP 24; Senate - percent of vote by party - CPP 69%, FUNCINPEC 21%, SRP 10%; seats by party - CPP 45, FUNCINPEC 10, SRP 2 (January 2006)
Life expectancy at birth total population:
77.12 years

male:
75.04 years

female:
79.06 years (2001 est.)
total population: 61.29 years


male: 59.27 years


female: 63.4 years (2007 est.)
Literacy definition:
age 15 and over can read and write

total population:
98%

male:
98%

female:
99% (1970 est.)
definition: age 15 and over can read and write


total population: 73.6%


male: 84.7%


female: 64.1% (2004 est.)
Location North America, group of islands in the North Atlantic Ocean, east of North Carolina (US) Southeastern Asia, bordering the Gulf of Thailand, between Thailand, Vietnam, and Laos
Map references North America Southeast Asia
Maritime claims exclusive fishing zone:
200 NM

territorial sea:
12 NM
territorial sea: 12 nm


contiguous zone: 24 nm


exclusive economic zone: 200 nm


continental shelf: 200 nm
Merchant marine total:
105 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 5,836,538 GRT/9,728,045 DWT

ships by type:
bulk 27, cargo 4, container 15, liquefied gas 7, passenger 2, petroleum tanker 23, refrigerated cargo 16, roll on/roll off 8, short-sea passenger 3

note:
includes some foreign-owned ships registered here as a flag of convenience: Canada 10, Hong Kong 10, Japan 1, Nigeria 4, Saudi Arabia 1, Sweden 3, Switzerland 2, UK 10, US 7 (2000 est.)
total: 586 ships (1000 GRT or over) 1,889,909 GRT/2,682,881 DWT


by type: bulk carrier 40, cargo 487, chemical tanker 10, container 9, livestock carrier 3, passenger/cargo 5, petroleum tanker 11, refrigerated cargo 18, roll on/roll off 1, specialized tanker 1, vehicle carrier 1


foreign-owned: 463 (Canada 6, China 166, Cyprus 9, Egypt 14, Estonia 1, Gabon 1, Greece 5, Hong Kong 11, Indonesia 1, Japan 3, South Korea 29, Latvia 2, Lebanon 7, Nigeria 2, Romania 1, Russia 112, Singapore 2, Syria 32, Taiwan 1, Turkey 20, Ukraine 27, UAE 2, US 6, Yemen 3) (2007)
Military - note defense is the responsibility of the UK -
Military branches Bermuda Regiment, Bermuda Police Force, Bermuda Reserve Constabulary Royal Cambodian Armed Forces: Royal Cambodian Army, Royal Khmer Navy, Royal Cambodian Air Force (2005)
Military expenditures - dollar figure $NA -
Military expenditures - percent of GDP NA% 3% (2005 est.)
National holiday Bermuda Day, 24 May Independence Day, 9 November (1953)
Nationality noun:
Bermudian(s)

adjective:
Bermudian
noun: Cambodian(s)


adjective: Cambodian
Natural hazards hurricanes (June to November) monsoonal rains (June to November); flooding; occasional droughts
Natural resources limestone, pleasant climate fostering tourism oil and gas, timber, gemstones, some iron ore, manganese, phosphates, hydropower potential
Net migration rate 2.66 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.) 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2007 est.)
Political parties and leaders National Liberal Party or NLP [Dessaline WALDRON]; Progressive Labor Party or PLP [Jennifer SMITH]; United Bermuda Party or UBP [Pamela GORDON] Cambodian People's Party or CPP [CHEA SIM]; National United Front for an Independent, Neutral, Peaceful, and Cooperative Cambodia or FUNCINPEC [KEV PUT REAKSMEI]; Norodom Ranariddh Party or NRP [Norodom RANARIDDH]; Sam Rangsi Party or SRP [SAM RANGSI]
Political pressure groups and leaders Bermuda Industrial Union or BIU [Derrick BURGESS]; Bermuda Public Services Association or BPSA [Betty CHRISTOPHER] NA
Population 63,503 (July 2001 est.) 13,995,904


note: estimates for this country take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2007 est.)
Population below poverty line NA% 35% (2004)
Population growth rate 0.74% (2001 est.) 1.729% (2007 est.)
Ports and harbors Hamilton, Saint George -
Radio broadcast stations AM 5, FM 3, shortwave 0 (1998) AM 2, FM 17, shortwave NA (2003)
Radios 82,000 (1997) -
Railways 0 km total: 602 km


narrow gauge: 602 km 1.000-m gauge (2006)
Religions non-Anglican Protestant 39%, Anglican 27%, Roman Catholic 15%, other 19% Theravada Buddhist 95%, other 5%
Sex ratio at birth:
0.94 male(s)/female

under 15 years:
0.98 male(s)/female

15-64 years:
0.98 male(s)/female

65 years and over:
0.76 male(s)/female

total population:
0.95 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.021 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 0.941 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.61 male(s)/female


total population: 0.953 male(s)/female (2007 est.)
Suffrage 18 years of age; universal 18 years of age; universal
Telephone system general assessment:
NA

domestic:
modern, fully automatic telephone system

international:
3 submarine cables; satellite earth stations - 3 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)
general assessment: mobile-phone systems are widely used in urban areas to bypass deficiencies in the fixed-line network; fixed-line connections stand at well less than 1 per 100 persons; mobile-cellular usage, aided by increasing competition among service providers, is increasing and stands at about 8 per 100 persons


domestic: adequate landline and/or cellular service in Phnom Penh and other provincial cities; mobile-phone coverage is rapidly expanding in rural areas


international: country code - 855; adequate but expensive landline and cellular service available to all countries from Phnom Penh and major provincial cities; satellite earth station - 1 Intersputnik (Indian Ocean region) (2007)
Telephones - main lines in use 52,000 (1997) 32,800 (2006)
Telephones - mobile cellular 7,980 (1996) 1.14 million (2006)
Television broadcast stations 3 (1997) 9 (including 2 TV relay stations with French and Vietnamese broadcasts); excludes 18 regional relay stations (2006)
Terrain low hills separated by fertile depressions mostly low, flat plains; mountains in southwest and north
Total fertility rate 1.81 children born/woman (2001 est.) 3.12 children born/woman (2007 est.)
Unemployment rate NEGL% (1995) 2.5% (2000 est.)
Waterways none 2,400 km (mainly on Mekong River) (2005)
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