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Compare Bahrain (2001) - Guatemala (2001)

Compare Bahrain (2001) z Guatemala (2001)

 Bahrain (2001)Guatemala (2001)
 BahrainGuatemala
Administrative divisions 12 municipalities (manatiq, singular - mintaqah); Al Hadd, Al Manamah, Al Mintaqah al Gharbiyah, Al Mintaqah al Wusta, Al Mintaqah ash Shamaliyah, Al Muharraq, Ar Rifa' wa al Mintaqah al Janubiyah, Jidd Hafs, Madinat Hamad, Madinat 'Isa, Juzur Hawar, Sitrah

note:
all municipalities administered from Manama
22 departments (departamentos, singular - departamento); Alta Verapaz, Baja Verapaz, Chimaltenango, Chiquimula, El Progreso, Escuintla, Guatemala, Huehuetenango, Izabal, Jalapa, Jutiapa, Peten, Quetzaltenango, Quiche, Retalhuleu, Sacatepequez, San Marcos, Santa Rosa, Solola, Suchitepequez, Totonicapan, Zacapa
Age structure 0-14 years:
29.6% (male 96,697; female 94,330)

15-64 years:
67.43% (male 257,360; female 177,839)

65 years and over:
2.97% (male 9,721; female 9,414) (2001 est.)
0-14 years:
42.11% (male 2,789,189; female 2,674,747)

15-64 years:
54.25% (male 3,518,209; female 3,519,851)

65 years and over:
3.64% (male 220,640; female 251,725) (2001 est.)
Agriculture - products fruit, vegetables; poultry, dairy products; shrimp, fish sugarcane, corn, bananas, coffee, beans, cardamom; cattle, sheep, pigs, chickens
Airports 3 (2000 est.) 477 (2000 est.)
Airports - with paved runways total:
2

over 3,047 m:
2 (2000 est.)
total:
11

2,438 to 3,047 m:
3

1,524 to 2,437 m:
1

914 to 1,523 m:
5

under 914 m:
2 (2000 est.)
Airports - with unpaved runways total:
1

1,524 to 2,437 m:
1 (2000 est.)
total:
466

2,438 to 3,047 m:
1

1,524 to 2,437 m:
9

914 to 1,523 m:
124

under 914 m:
332 (2000 est.)
Area total:
620 sq km

land:
620 sq km

water:
0 sq km
total:
108,890 sq km

land:
108,430 sq km

water:
460 sq km
Area - comparative 3.5 times the size of Washington, DC slightly smaller than Tennessee
Background Bahrain's small size and central location among Persian Gulf countries require it to play a delicate balancing act in foreign affairs among its larger neighbors. Possessing minimal oil reserves, Bahrain has turned to petroleum processing and refining, and has transformed itself into an international banking center. The new amir is pushing economic and political reforms, and has worked to improve relations with the Shi'a community. In 2001, the International Court of Justice awarded the Hawar Islands, long disputed with Qatar, to Bahrain. Guatemala was freed of Spanish colonial rule in 1821. During the second half of the 20th century, it experienced a variety of military and civilian governments as well as a 36-year guerrilla war. In 1996, the government signed a peace agreement formally ending the conflict, which had led to the death of more than 100,000 people and had created some 1 million refugees.
Birth rate 20.07 births/1,000 population (2001 est.) 34.61 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Budget revenues:
$1.8 billion

expenditures:
$2.2 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (2001 est.)
revenues:
$2.2 billion

expenditures:
$1.8 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (2001 est.)
Capital Manama Guatemala
Climate arid; mild, pleasant winters; very hot, humid summers tropical; hot, humid in lowlands; cooler in highlands
Coastline 161 km 400 km
Constitution adopted late December 2000 (new constitution calls for a partially elected legislature, a constitutional monarchy, and an independent judiciary) 31 May 1985, effective 14 January 1986; note - suspended 25 May 1993 by former President SERRANO; reinstated 5 June 1993 following ouster of president; amended November 1993
Country name conventional long form:
State of Bahrain

conventional short form:
Bahrain

local long form:
Dawlat al Bahrayn

local short form:
Al Bahrayn

former:
Dilmun
conventional long form:
Republic of Guatemala

conventional short form:
Guatemala

local long form:
Republica de Guatemala

local short form:
Guatemala
Currency Bahraini dinar (BHD) quetzal (GTQ), US dollar (USD), others allowed
Death rate 3.92 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.) 6.79 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Debt - external $2.7 billion (2000) $4.7 billion (2000 est.)
Diplomatic representation from the US chief of mission:
Ambassador Johnny YOUNG

embassy:
#979, Road 3119 (next to Al-Ahli Sports Club), Block 321, Zinj District, Manama

mailing address:
American Embassy Manama, PSC 451, FPO AE 09834-5100; international mail: American Embassy, Box 26431, Manama

telephone:
[973] 273-300

FAX:
[973] 272-594
chief of mission:
Ambassador Prudence BUSHNELL

embassy:
7-01 Avenida Reforma, Zone 10, Guatemala City

mailing address:
APO AA 34024

telephone:
[502] 331-1541/55

FAX:
[502] 334-8477
Diplomatic representation in the US chief of mission:
Ambassador (vacant)

chancery:
3502 International Drive NW, Washington, DC 20008

telephone:
[1] (202) 342-0741

FAX:
[1] (202) 362-2192

consulate(s) general:
New York
chief of mission:
Ambassador Ariel RIVERA Irias

chancery:
2220 R Street NW, Washington, DC 20008

telephone:
[1] (202) 745-4952

FAX:
[1] (202) 745-1908

consulate(s) general:
Chicago, Houston, Los Angeles, Miami, New York, and San Francisco
Disputes - international in March of 2001, the International Court of Justice (ICJ) awarded the Hawar Islands to Bahrain and also adjusted Bahrain's maritime boundary with Qatar Guatemala periodically asserts claims to territory in southern Belize; to deter cross-border squatting, both states in 2000 agreed to a "line of adjacency" based on the de facto boundary, which is not recognized by Guatemala
Economic aid - recipient $48.4 million (1995) $212 million (1995)
Economy - overview In Bahrain, petroleum production and refining account for about 60% of export receipts, 60% of government revenues, and 30% of GDP. With its highly developed communication and transport facilities, Bahrain is home to numerous multinational firms with business in the Gulf. Bahrain is dependent on Saudi Arabia for oil revenue granted as aid. A large share of exports consists of petroleum products made from imported crude. Construction proceeds on several major industrial projects. Unemployment, especially among the young, and the depletion of both oil and underground water resources are major long-term economic problems. The agricultural sector accounts for about one-fourth of GDP, two-thirds of exports, and half of the labor force. Coffee, sugar, and bananas are the main products. Former President ARZU (1996-2000) worked to implement a program of economic liberalization and political modernization. The 1996 signing of the peace accords, which ended 36 years of civil war, removed a major obstacle to foreign investment. In 1998, Hurricane Mitch caused relatively little damage to Guatemala compared to its neighbors. Ongoing challenges include increasing government revenues, negotiating further assistance from international donors, and increasing the efficiency and openness of both government and private financial operations. Despite low international prices for Guatemala's main commodities, the economy grew by 3% in 2000 and is forecast to grow by 4% in 2001. Guatemala, along with Honduras and El Salvador, recently concluded a free trade agreement with Mexico and has moved to protect international property rights. However, the PORTILLO administration has undertaken a review of privatizations under the previous administration, thereby creating some uncertainty among investors.
Electricity - consumption 5.752 billion kWh (1999) 3.295 billion kWh (1999)
Electricity - exports 0 kWh (1999) 435 million kWh (1999)
Electricity - imports 0 kWh (1999) 210 million kWh (1999)
Electricity - production 6.185 billion kWh (1999) 3.785 billion kWh (1999)
Electricity - production by source fossil fuel:
100%

hydro:
0%

nuclear:
0%

other:
0% (1999)
fossil fuel:
38.31%

hydro:
61.69%

nuclear:
0%

other:
0% (1999)
Elevation extremes lowest point:
Persian Gulf 0 m

highest point:
Jabal ad Dukhan 122 m
lowest point:
Pacific Ocean 0 m

highest point:
Volcan Tajumulco 4,211 m
Environment - current issues desertification resulting from the degradation of limited arable land, periods of drought, and dust storms; coastal degradation (damage to coastlines, coral reefs, and sea vegetation) resulting from oil spills and other discharges from large tankers, oil refineries, and distribution stations; no natural fresh water resources so that groundwater and sea water are the only sources for all water needs deforestation; soil erosion; water pollution; Hurricane Mitch damage
Environment - international agreements party to:
Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands

signed, but not ratified:
none of the selected agreements
party to:
Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands

signed, but not ratified:
Antarctic-Environmental Protocol
Ethnic groups Bahraini 63%, Asian 19%, other Arab 10%, Iranian 8% Mestizo (mixed Amerindian-Spanish or assimilated Amerindian - in local Spanish called Ladino), approximately 55%, Amerindian or predominantly Amerindian, approximately 43%, whites and others 2%
Exchange rates Bahraini dinars per US dollar - 0.3760 (fixed rate pegged to the US dollar) quetzales per US dollar - 7.8020 (January 2001), 7.7632 (2000), 7.3856 (1999), 6.3947 (1998), 6.0653 (1997), 6.0495 (1996), 5.8103 (1995)
Executive branch chief of state:
Amir HAMAD bin Isa Al Khalifa (since 6 March 1999); Heir Apparent Crown Prince SALMAN bin Hamad (son of the monarch, born 21 October 1969)

head of government:
Prime Minister KHALIFA bin Salman Al Khalifa (since NA 1971)

cabinet:
Cabinet appointed by the monarch

elections:
none; the monarch is hereditary; prime minister appointed by the monarch
chief of state:
President Alfonso Antonio PORTILLO Cabrera (since 14 January 2000); Vice President Juan Francisco REYES Lopez (since 14 January 2000); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government

head of government:
President Alfonso Antonio PORTILLO Cabrera (since 14 January 2000); Vice President Juan Francisco REYES Lopez (since 14 January 2000); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government

cabinet:
Council of Ministers named by the president

elections:
president elected by popular vote for a four-year term; election last held 7 November 1999; runoff held 26 December 1999 (next to be held NA November 2003)

election results:
Alfonso Antonio PORTILLO Cabrera elected president; percent of vote - Alfonso Antonio PORTILLO Cabrera (FRG) 68%, Oscar BERGER Perdomo (PAN) 32%
Exports $5.8 billion (f.o.b., 2000) $2.9 billion (f.o.b., 2000)
Exports - commodities petroleum and petroleum products 61%, aluminum 7% coffee, sugar, bananas, fruits and vegetables, cardamom, meat, apparel, petroleum, electricity
Exports - partners India 14%, Saudi Arabia 5%, US 5%, UAE 5%, Japan 4%, South Korea 4% (1999) US 51.4%, El Salvador 8.7%, Honduras 5%, Costa Rica 3.4%, Germany 2.7% (1998)
Fiscal year calendar year calendar year
Flag description red with a white serrated band (eight white points) on the hoist side three equal vertical bands of light blue (hoist side), white, and light blue with the coat of arms centered in the white band; the coat of arms includes a green and red quetzal (the national bird) and a scroll bearing the inscription LIBERTAD 15 DE SEPTIEMBRE DE 1821 (the original date of independence from Spain) all superimposed on a pair of crossed rifles and a pair of crossed swords and framed by a wreath
GDP purchasing power parity - $10.1 billion (2000 est.) purchasing power parity - $46.2 billion (2000 est.)
GDP - composition by sector agriculture:
1%

industry:
46%

services:
53% (1996 est.)
agriculture:
23%

industry:
20%

services:
57% (2000 est.)
GDP - per capita purchasing power parity - $15,900 (2000 est.) purchasing power parity - $3,700 (2000 est.)
GDP - real growth rate 5% (2000 est.) 3% (2000 est.)
Geographic coordinates 26 00 N, 50 33 E 15 30 N, 90 15 W
Geography - note close to primary Middle Eastern petroleum sources; strategic location in Persian Gulf which much of Western world's petroleum must transit to reach open ocean no natural harbors on west coast
Heliports 1 (2000 est.) -
Highways total:
3,164 km

paved:
2,433 km

unpaved:
731 km

note:
there is a paved causeway connecting Bahrain to Saudi Arabia (1997)
total:
13,856 km

paved:
4,370 km (including 140 km of expressways)

unpaved:
9,486 km (1998)
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%:
NA%

highest 10%:
NA%
lowest 10%:
0.6%

highest 10%:
46.6% (1989)
Illicit drugs - transit country for cocaine and heroin; minor producer of illicit opium poppy and cannabis for the international drug trade; proximity to Mexico makes Guatemala a major staging area for drugs (cocaine and heroin shipments); money laundering is probably increasing
Imports $4.2 billion (f.o.b., 2000) $4.4 billion (f.o.b., 2000)
Imports - commodities nonoil 59%, crude oil 41% fuels, machinery and transport equipment, construction materials, grain, fertilizers, electricity
Imports - partners France 20%, US 14%, UK 8%, Saudi Arabia 7%, Japan 5% (1999) US 42.8%, Mexico 9.9%, Japan 4.8%, El Salvador 4.3%, Venezuela 3.8% (1998)
Independence 15 August 1971 (from UK) 15 September 1821 (from Spain)
Industrial production growth rate 2% (2000 est.) 4.1% (1999)
Industries petroleum processing and refining, aluminum smelting, offshore banking, ship repairing; tourism sugar, textiles and clothing, furniture, chemicals, petroleum, metals, rubber, tourism
Infant mortality rate 19.77 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.) 45.79 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2% (2000 est.) 6% (2000 est.)
International organization participation ABEDA, AFESD, AL, AMF, ESCWA, FAO, G-77, GCC, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICRM, IDB, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Inmarsat, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, ISO (correspondent), ITU, NAM, OAPEC, OIC, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTrO BCIE, CACM, CCC, ECLAC, FAO, G-24, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO (correspondent), ITU, LAES, LAIA (observer), NAM, OAS, OPANAL, OPCW, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNU, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) 1 (2000) 5 (2000)
Irrigated land 10 sq km (1993 est.) 1,250 sq km (1993 est.)
Judicial branch High Civil Appeals Court Supreme Court of Justice or Corte Suprema de Justicia (thirteen members serve concurrent five-year terms and elect a president of the Court each year from among their number; the president of the Supreme Court of Justice also supervises trial judges around the country, who are named to five-year terms); Constitutional Court or Corte de Constitutcionalidad (five judges are elected for concurrent five-year terms by Congress, each serving one year as president of the Constitutional Court; one is elected by Congress, one elected by the Supreme Court of Justice, one appointed by the President, one elected by Superior Counsel of Universidad San Carlos de Guatemala, and one by Colegio de Abogados)
Labor force 295,000 (1998 est.)

note:
44% of the population in the 15-64 age group is non-national (July 1998 est.)
4.2 million (1999 est.)
Labor force - by occupation industry, commerce, and service 79%, government 20%, agriculture 1% (1997 est.) agriculture 50%, industry 15%, services 35% (1999 est.)
Land boundaries 0 km total:
1,687 km

border countries:
Belize 266 km, El Salvador 203 km, Honduras 256 km, Mexico 962 km
Land use arable land:
1%

permanent crops:
1%

permanent pastures:
6%

forests and woodland:
0%

other:
92% (1993 est.)
arable land:
12%

permanent crops:
5%

permanent pastures:
24%

forests and woodland:
54%

other:
5% (1993 est.)
Languages Arabic, English, Farsi, Urdu Spanish 60%, Amerindian languages 40% (more than 20 Amerindian languages, including Quiche, Cakchiquel, Kekchi, Mam, Garifuna, and Xinca)
Legal system based on Islamic law and English common law civil law system; judicial review of legislative acts; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Legislative branch unicameral National Assembly was dissolved 26 August 1975 and legislative powers were assumed by the Cabinet; appointed Advisory Council established 16 December 1992; the National Action Charter created a bicameral legislature on 23 December 2000; approved by referendum of 14 February 2001 unicameral Congress of the Republic or Congreso de la Republica (113 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms)

elections:
last held on 7 November 1999 (next to be held in November 2003)

election results:
percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - FRG 63, PAN 37, ANN 9, DCG 2, UD/LOV 1, PLP 1

note:
for the 7 November 1999 election, the number of congressional seats was increased from 80 to 113
Life expectancy at birth total population:
73.2 years

male:
70.81 years

female:
75.67 years (2001 est.)
total population:
66.51 years

male:
63.85 years

female:
69.31 years (2001 est.)
Literacy definition:
age 15 and over can read and write

total population:
85.2%

male:
89.1%

female:
79.4% (1995 est.)
definition:
age 15 and over can read and write

total population:
63.6%

male:
68.7%

female:
58.5% (2000 est.)
Location Middle East, archipelago in the Persian Gulf, east of Saudi Arabia Middle America, bordering the Caribbean Sea, between Honduras and Belize and bordering the North Pacific Ocean, between El Salvador and Mexico
Map references Middle East Central America and the Caribbean
Maritime claims contiguous zone:
24 NM

continental shelf:
extending to boundaries to be determined

territorial sea:
12 NM
continental shelf:
200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation

exclusive economic zone:
200 NM

territorial sea:
12 NM
Merchant marine total:
7 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 175,609 GRT/207,652 DWT

ships by type:
bulk 2, cargo 3, container 2 (2000 est.)
none (2000 est.)
Military branches Ground Force, Navy, Air Force, Coast Guard, Police Force Army, Navy, Air Force
Military expenditures - dollar figure $318 million (FY99) $120 million (FY99)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP 5.2% (FY99) 0.6% (FY99)
Military manpower - availability males age 15-49:
222,141 (2001 est.)
males age 15-49:
3,092,050 (2001 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service males age 15-49:
121,833 (2001 est.)
males age 15-49:
2,018,636 (2001 est.)
Military manpower - military age 15 years of age 18 years of age
Military manpower - reaching military age annually males:
5,926 (2001 est.)
males:
140,358 (2001 est.)
National holiday National Day, 16 December (1971); note - 15 August 1971 is the date of independence from the UK, 16 December 1971 is the date of independence from British protection Independence Day, 15 September (1821)
Nationality noun:
Bahraini(s)

adjective:
Bahraini
noun:
Guatemalan(s)

adjective:
Guatemalan
Natural hazards periodic droughts; dust storms numerous volcanoes in mountains, with occasional violent earthquakes; Caribbean coast subject to hurricanes and other tropical storms
Natural resources oil, associated and nonassociated natural gas, fish, pearls petroleum, nickel, rare woods, fish, chicle, hydropower
Net migration rate 1.1 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.) -1.84 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Pipelines crude oil 56 km; petroleum products 16 km; natural gas 32 km crude oil 275 km
Political parties and leaders political parties prohibited Authentic Integral Development or DIA [Jorge Luis ORTEGA]; Democratic Union or UD [Jose Luis CHEA Urruela]; Green Party or LOV [Jose ASTURIAS Rudecke]; Guatemalan Christian Democracy or DCG [Vinicio CEREZO Arevalo]; Guatemalan National Revolutionary Unity or URNG [Pablo MONSANTO, also known as Jorge SOTO]; Guatemalan Republican Front or FRG [Efrain RIOS Montt]; New Nation Alliance or ANN [leader NA], which includes the URNG; National Advancement Party or PAN [Leonel LOPEZ Rodas]; Progressive Liberator Party or PLP [Acisclo VALLADARES Molina]
Political pressure groups and leaders Shi'a activists fomented unrest sporadically 1994-97, demanding the return of an elected National Assembly and an end to unemployment; several small, clandestine leftist and Islamic fundamentalist groups are active Agrarian Owners Group or UNAGRO; Alliance Against Impunity or AAI; Committee for Campesino Unity or CUC; Coordinating Committee of Agricultural, Commercial, Industrial, and Financial Associations or CACIF; Mutual Support Group or GAM
Population 645,361

note:
includes 228,424 non-nationals (July 2001 est.)
12,974,361 (July 2001 est.)
Population below poverty line NA% 60% (2000 est.)
Population growth rate 1.73% (2001 est.) 2.6% (2001 est.)
Ports and harbors Manama, Mina' Salman, Sitrah Champerico, Puerto Barrios, Puerto Quetzal, San Jose, Santo Tomas de Castilla
Radio broadcast stations AM 2, FM 3, shortwave 0 (1998) AM 130, FM 487, shortwave 15 (2000)
Radios 338,000 (1997) 835,000 (1997)
Railways 0 km total:
884 km (102 km privately owned)

narrow gauge:
884 km 0.914-m gauge (single track)
Religions Shi'a Muslim 70%, Sunni Muslim 30% Roman Catholic, Protestant, indigenous Mayan beliefs
Sex ratio at birth:
1.03 male(s)/female

under 15 years:
1.03 male(s)/female

15-64 years:
1.45 male(s)/female

65 years and over:
1.03 male(s)/female

total population:
1.29 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
at birth:
1.05 male(s)/female

under 15 years:
1.04 male(s)/female

15-64 years:
1 male(s)/female

65 years and over:
0.88 male(s)/female

total population:
1.01 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
Suffrage none 18 years of age; universal (active duty members of the armed forces may not vote)
Telephone system general assessment:
modern system

domestic:
modern fiber-optic integrated services; digital network with rapidly growing use of mobile cellular telephones

international:
tropospheric scatter to Qatar and UAE; microwave radio relay to Saudi Arabia; submarine cable to Qatar, UAE, and Saudi Arabia; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean) and 1 Arabsat (1997)
general assessment:
fairly modern network centered in the city of Guatemala

domestic:
NA

international:
connected to Central American Microwave System; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)
Telephones - main lines in use 152,000 (1997) 665,061 (June 2000)
Telephones - mobile cellular 58,543 (1997) 663,296 (September 2000)
Television broadcast stations 4 (1997) 26 (plus 27 repeaters) (1997)
Terrain mostly low desert plain rising gently to low central escarpment mostly mountains with narrow coastal plains and rolling limestone plateau (Peten)
Total fertility rate 2.79 children born/woman (2001 est.) 4.58 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Unemployment rate 15% (1998 est.) 7.5% (1999 est.)
Waterways none 990 km

note:
260 km navigable year round; additional 730 km navigable during highwater season
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