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Compare Angola (2001) - Rwanda (2001)

Compare Angola (2001) z Rwanda (2001)

 Angola (2001)Rwanda (2001)
 AngolaRwanda
Administrative divisions 18 provinces (provincias, singular - provincia); Bengo, Benguela, Bie, Cabinda, Cuando Cubango, Cuanza Norte, Cuanza Sul, Cunene, Huambo, Huila, Luanda, Lunda Norte, Lunda Sul, Malanje, Moxico, Namibe, Uige, Zaire 12 prefectures (in French - prefectures, singular - prefecture; in Kinyarwanda - plural - NA, singular - prefegitura); Butare, Byumba, Cyangugu, Gikongoro, Gisenyi, Gitarama, Kibungo, Kibuye, Kigali Rurale, Kigali-ville, Umutara, Ruhengeri
Age structure 0-14 years:
43.31% (male 2,266,870; female 2,222,262)

15-64 years:
53.98% (male 2,847,089; female 2,748,091)

65 years and over:
2.71% (male 127,798; female 153,921) (2001 est.)
0-14 years:
42.4% (male 1,555,878; female 1,544,942)

15-64 years:
54.73% (male 1,989,501; female 2,013,012)

65 years and over:
2.87% (male 83,769; female 125,654) (2001 est.)
Agriculture - products bananas, sugarcane, coffee, sisal, corn, cotton, manioc (tapioca), tobacco, vegetables, plantains; livestock; forest products; fish coffee, tea, pyrethrum (insecticide made from chrysanthemums), bananas, beans, sorghum, potatoes; livestock
Airports 247 (2000 est.) 8 (2000 est.)
Airports - with paved runways total:
31

over 3,047 m:
4

2,438 to 3,047 m:
8

1,524 to 2,437 m:
12

914 to 1,523 m:
6

under 914 m:
1 (2000 est.)
total:
4

over 3,047 m:
1

914 to 1,523 m:
2

under 914 m:
1 (2000 est.)
Airports - with unpaved runways total:
216

over 3,047 m:
2

2,438 to 3,047 m:
5

1,524 to 2,437 m:
30

914 to 1,523 m:
96

under 914 m:
83 (2000 est.)
total:
4

914 to 1,523 m:
1

under 914 m:
3 (2000 est.)
Area total:
1,246,700 sq km

land:
1,246,700 sq km

water:
0 sq km
total:
26,338 sq km

land:
24,948 sq km

water:
1,390 sq km
Area - comparative slightly less than twice the size of Texas slightly smaller than Maryland
Background Civil war has been the norm in Angola since independence from Portugal in 1975. A 1994 peace accord between the government and the National Union for the Total Independence of Angola (UNITA) provided for the integration of former UNITA insurgents into the government and armed forces. A national unity government was installed in April of 1997, but serious fighting resumed in late 1998, rendering hundreds of thousands of people homeless. Up to 1.5 million lives may have been lost in fighting over the past quarter century. In 1959, three years before independence, the majority ethnic group, the Hutus overthrew the ruling Tutsi king. Over the next several years thousands of Tutsis were killed, and some 150,000 driven into exile in neighboring countries. The children of these exiles later formed a rebel group, the Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF) and began a civil war in 1990. The war, along with several political and economic upheavals, exacerbated ethnic tensions culminating in April 1994 in the genocide of roughly 800,000 Tutsis and moderate Hutus. The Tutsi rebels defeated the Hutu regime and ended the killing in July 1994, but approximately 2 million Hutu refugees - many fearing Tutsi retribution - fled to neighboring Burundi, Tanzania, Uganda, and Zaire, now called the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DROC). Since then most of the refugees have returned to Rwanda. Despite substantial international assistance and political reforms - including Rwanda's first local elections in March 1999 - the country continues to struggle to boost investment and agricultural output and to foster reconciliation. A series of massive population displacements, a nagging Hutu extremist insurgency, and Rwandan involvement in two wars over the past four years in the neighboring DROC continue to hinder Rwanda's efforts.
Birth rate 46.54 births/1,000 population (2001 est.) 33.97 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Budget revenues:
$928 million

expenditures:
$2.5 billion, including capital expenditures of $963 million (1992 est.)
revenues:
$198 million

expenditures:
$411 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (2000 est.)
Capital Luanda Kigali
Climate semiarid in south and along coast to Luanda; north has cool, dry season (May to October) and hot, rainy season (November to April) temperate; two rainy seasons (February to April, November to January); mild in mountains with frost and snow possible
Coastline 1,600 km 0 km (landlocked)
Constitution 11 November 1975; revised 7 January 1978, 11 August 1980, 6 March 1991, and 26 August 1992 on 5 May 1995, the Transitional National Assembly adopted as Fundamental Law the constitution of 18 June 1991, provisions of the 1993 Arusha peace accord, the July 1994 Declaration by the Rwanda Patriotic Front, and the November 1994 multiparty protocol of understanding
Country name conventional long form:
Republic of Angola

conventional short form:
Angola

local long form:
Republica de Angola

local short form:
Angola

former:
People's Republic of Angola
conventional long form:
Rwandese Republic

conventional short form:
Rwanda

local long form:
Republika y'u Rwanda

local short form:
Rwanda

former:
Ruanda
Currency kwanza (AOA) Rwandan franc (RWF)
Death rate 24.68 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.) 21.13 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Debt - external $10.8 billion (2000 est.) $1.3 billion (1999)
Diplomatic representation from the US chief of mission:
Ambassador Joseph G. SULLIVAN

embassy:
number 32 Rua Houari Boumeddienne, Luanda

mailing address:
international mail: Caixa Postal 6484, Luanda; pouch: American Embassy Luanda, Department of State, Washington, DC 20521-2550

telephone:
[244] (2) 345-481, 346-418

FAX:
[244] (2) 346-924
chief of mission:
Ambassador George M. STAPLES

embassy:
Boulevard de la Revolution, Kigali

mailing address:
B. P. 28, Kigali

telephone:
[250] 756 01 through 03, 721 26, 771 47

FAX:
[250] 721 28
Diplomatic representation in the US chief of mission:
Ambassador Josefina Perpetua Pitra DIAKIDI

chancery:
1615 M Street, NW, Suite 900, Washington, DC 20036

telephone:
[1] (202) 785-1156

FAX:
[1] (202) 785-1258

consulate(s) general:
New York
chief of mission:
Ambassador Richard SEZIBERA

chancery:
1714 New Hampshire Ave. NW, Washington, DC 20009

telephone:
[1] (202) 232-2882

FAX:
[1] (202) 232-4544
Disputes - international none Rwandan military forces are supporting the rebel forces in the civil war in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
Economic aid - recipient $493.1 million (1995) $591.5 million (1997); note - in summer 1998, Rwanda presented its policy objectives and development priorities to donor governments resulting in multiyear pledges in the amount of $250 million
Economy - overview Angola is an economy in disarray because of a quarter century of nearly continuous warfare. Despite its abundant natural resources, output per capita is among the world's lowest. Subsistence agriculture provides the main livelihood for 85% of the population. Oil production and the supporting activities are vital to the economy, contributing about 45% to GDP and 90% of exports. Violence continues, millions of land mines remain, and many farmers are reluctant to return to their fields. As a result, much of the country's food must still be imported. To fully take advantage of its rich resources - gold, diamonds, extensive forests, Atlantic fisheries, and large oil deposits - Angola will need to end its conflict and continue reforming government policies. Despite the increase in the pace of civil warfare in late 1998, the economy grew by an estimated 5% in 2000. The government introduced new currency denominations in 1999, including 1 and 5 kwanza notes. Internal strife discourages investment outside of the petroleum sector, which is producing roughly 800,000 barrels of oil per day. Angola has entered into a Staff Monitored Program (SMP) with the IMF. Continued growth depends on sharp cuts in inflation, further economic reform, and a lessening of fighting. Rwanda is a rural country with about 90% of the population engaged in (mainly subsistence) agriculture. It is the most densely populated country in Africa; is landlocked; and has few natural resources and minimal industry. Primary exports are coffee and tea. The 1994 genocide decimated Rwanda's fragile economic base, severely impoverished the population, particularly women, and eroded the country's ability to attract private and external investment. However, Rwanda has made significant progress in stabilizing and rehabilitating its economy. GDP has rebounded, and inflation has been curbed. In June 1998, Rwanda signed an Enhanced Structural Adjustment Facility (ESAF) with the IMF. Rwanda has also embarked upon an ambitious privatization program with the World Bank. Continued growth in 2001 depends on the maintenance of international aid levels and the strengthening of world prices of coffee and tea.
Electricity - consumption 1.372 billion kWh (1999) 191.8 million kWh (1999)
Electricity - exports 0 kWh (1999) 1 million kWh (1999)
Electricity - imports 0 kWh (1999) 70 million kWh (1999)
Electricity - production 1.475 billion kWh (1999) 132 million kWh (1999)
Electricity - production by source fossil fuel:
32.2%

hydro:
67.8%

nuclear:
0%

other:
0% (1999)
fossil fuel:
3.03%

hydro:
96.97%

nuclear:
0%

other:
0% (1999)
Elevation extremes lowest point:
Atlantic Ocean 0 m

highest point:
Morro de Moco 2,620 m
lowest point:
Rusizi River 950 m

highest point:
Volcan Karisimbi 4,519 m
Environment - current issues overuse of pastures and subsequent soil erosion attributable to population pressures; desertification; deforestation of tropical rain forest, in response to both international demand for tropical timber and to domestic use as fuel, resulting in loss of biodiversity; soil erosion contributing to water pollution and siltation of rivers and dams; inadequate supplies of potable water deforestation results from uncontrolled cutting of trees for fuel; overgrazing; soil exhaustion; soil erosion; widespread poaching
Environment - international agreements party to:
Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection

signed, but not ratified:
none of the selected agreements
party to:
Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Nuclear Test Ban

signed, but not ratified:
Law of the Sea
Ethnic groups Ovimbundu 37%, Kimbundu 25%, Bakongo 13%, mestico (mixed European and Native African) 2%, European 1%, other 22% Hutu 84%, Tutsi 15%, Twa (Pygmoid) 1%
Exchange rates kwanza per US dollar - 17,910,800 (January 2001), 10,041,000 (2000), 2,790,706 (1999), 392,824 (1998), 229,040 (1997), 128,029 (1996); note - in December 1999 the kwanza was revalued with six zeroes dropped off the old value Rwandan francs per US dollar - 432.24 (January 2001), 389.70 (2000), 333.94 (1999) 312.31 (1998), 301.53 (1997), 306.82 (1996)
Executive branch chief of state:
President Jose Eduardo DOS SANTOS (since 21 September 1979); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government

head of government:
President Jose Eduardo DOS SANTOS (since 21 September 1979); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government

cabinet:
Council of Ministers appointed by the president

elections:
President DOS SANTOS originally elected (in 1979) without opposition under a one-party system and stood for reelection in Angola's first multiparty elections 29-30 September 1992 (next to be held NA)

election results:
DOS SANTOS 49.6%, Jonas SAVIMBI 40.1%, making a run-off election necessary; the run-off was not held and SAVIMBI's National Union for the Total Independence of Angola (UNITA) repudiated the results of the first election; the civil war resumed
chief of state:
President Maj. Gen. Paul KAGAME (FPR) (since 22 April 2000)

head of government:
Prime Minister Bernard MAKUZA (since 8 March 2000)

cabinet:
Council of Ministers appointed by the president

elections:
normally the president is elected by popular vote for a five-year term; special election for new president by deputies of the National Assembly and governmental ministers held 17 April 2000 (next national election to be held NA 2003); prime minister is appointed by the president

election results:
Paul KAGAME (FPR) elected president in a special parliamentary/ministerial ballot receiving 81 of a possible 86 votes
Exports $7.8 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.) $68.4 million (f.o.b., 2000 est.)
Exports - commodities crude oil 90%, diamonds, refined petroleum products, gas, coffee, sisal, fish and fish products, timber, cotton coffee, tea, hides, tin ore
Exports - partners US 54%, South Korea 14%, Benelux 11%, China 7%, Taiwan 6% (1999) Germany, Belgium, Pakistan, Italy, Kenya
Fiscal year calendar year calendar year
Flag description two equal horizontal bands of red (top) and black with a centered yellow emblem consisting of a five-pointed star within half a cogwheel crossed by a machete (in the style of a hammer and sickle) three equal vertical bands of red (hoist side), yellow, and green with a large black letter R centered in the yellow band; uses the popular pan-African colors of Ethiopia; similar to the flag of Guinea, which has a plain yellow band
GDP purchasing power parity - $10.1 billion (2000 est.) purchasing power parity - $6.4 billion (2000 est.)
GDP - composition by sector agriculture:
7%

industry:
60%

services:
33% (1999 est.)
agriculture:
40%

industry:
20%

services:
40% (2000 est.)
GDP - per capita purchasing power parity - $1,000 (2000 est.) purchasing power parity - $900 (2000 est.)
GDP - real growth rate 4.9% (2000 est.) 5.8% (2000 est.)
Geographic coordinates 12 30 S, 18 30 E 2 00 S, 30 00 E
Geography - note Cabinda is separated from rest of country by the Democratic Republic of the Congo landlocked; predominantly rural population
Highways total:
76,626 km

paved:
19,156 km

unpaved:
57,470 km (1997)
total:
12,000 km

paved:
1,000 km

unpaved:
11,000 km (1997 est.)
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%:
NA%

highest 10%:
NA%
lowest 10%:
4.2%

highest 10%:
24.2% (1983-85)
Illicit drugs increasingly used as a transshipment point for cocaine and heroin destined for Western Europe and other African states -
Imports $2.5 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.) $245.9 million (f.o.b., 2000 est.)
Imports - commodities machinery and electrical equipment, vehicles and spare parts; medicines, food, textiles, military goods foodstuffs, machinery and equipment, steel, petroleum products, cement and construction material
Imports - partners South Korea 16%, Portugal 15%, US 13%, South Africa 10%, France 8% (1999) Kenya, Tanzania, US, Benelux, France, India
Independence 11 November 1975 (from Portugal) 1 July 1962 (from Belgium-administered UN trusteeship)
Industrial production growth rate NA% 8.7% (1998 est.)
Industries petroleum; diamonds, iron ore, phosphates, feldspar, bauxite, uranium, and gold; cement; basic metal products; fish processing; food processing; brewing; tobacco products; sugar; textiles cement, agricultural products, small-scale beverages, soap, furniture, shoes, plastic goods, textiles, cigarettes
Infant mortality rate 193.72 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.) 118.92 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 325% (2000 est.) 4% (2000)
International organization participation ACP, AfDB, CCC, CEEAC, ECA, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ITU, NAM, OAS (observer), OAU, SADC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO ACCT, ACP, AfDB, CCC, CEEAC, CEPGL, ECA, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), ISO (correspondent), ITU, NAM, OAU, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) 1 (2000) 1 (2000)
Irrigated land 750 sq km (1993 est.) 40 sq km (1993 est.)
Judicial branch Supreme Court or Tribunal da Relacao (judges are appointed by the president) Supreme Court; communal courts; appeals courts
Labor force 5 million (1997 est.) 3.6 million
Labor force - by occupation agriculture 85%, industry and services 15% (1997 est.) agriculture 90%
Land boundaries total:
5,198 km

border countries:
Democratic Republic of the Congo 2,511 km (of which 220 km is the boundary of discontiguous Cabinda Province), Republic of the Congo 201 km, Namibia 1,376 km, Zambia 1,110 km
total:
893 km

border countries:
Burundi 290 km, Democratic Republic of the Congo 217 km, Tanzania 217 km, Uganda 169 km
Land use arable land:
2%

permanent crops:
0%

permanent pastures:
23%

forests and woodland:
43%

other:
32% (1993 est.)
arable land:
35%

permanent crops:
13%

permanent pastures:
18%

forests and woodland:
22%

other:
12% (1993 est.)
Languages Portuguese (official), Bantu and other African languages Kinyarwanda (official) universal Bantu vernacular, French (official), English (official), Kiswahili (Swahili) used in commercial centers
Legal system based on Portuguese civil law system and customary law; recently modified to accommodate political pluralism and increased use of free markets based on German and Belgian civil law systems and customary law; judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Legislative branch unicameral National Assembly or Assembleia Nacional (220 seats; members elected by proportional vote to serve four-year terms)

elections:
last held 29-30 September 1992 (next to be held NA)

election results:
percent of vote by party - MPLA 54%, UNITA 34%, others 12%; seats by party - MPLA 129, UNITA 70, PRS 6, FNLA 5, PLD 3, others 7
unicameral Transitional National Assembly or Assemblee Nationale de Transition (a power-sharing body with 70 seats established on 12 December 1994 following a multiparty protocol of understanding; members were named by their parties, number of seats per party predetermined by the Arusha peace accord)

note:
four additional seats, two for women and two for youth, added in 2001

elections:
the last national legislative elections were held 16 December 1988 for the National Development Council (the legislature prior to the advent of the Transitional National Assembly); no elections have been held for the Transitional National Assembly as the distribution of seats was predetermined by the Arusha peace accord

election results:
percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - FPR 13, MDR 13, PSD 13, PL 13, PDC 6, RPA 6, PSR 2, PDI 2, UDPR 2; note - the distribution of seats was predetermined, four additional seats (two for women and two for youth) added in 2001
Life expectancy at birth total population:
38.59 years

male:
37.36 years

female:
39.87 years (2001 est.)
total population:
38.99 years

male:
38.35 years

female:
39.65 years (2001 est.)
Literacy definition:
age 15 and over can read and write

total population:
42%

male:
56%

female:
28% (1998 est.)
definition:
age 15 and over can read and write

total population:
48%

male:
52%

female:
45% (1995 est.)
Location Southern Africa, bordering the South Atlantic Ocean, between Namibia and Democratic Republic of the Congo Central Africa, east of Democratic Republic of the Congo
Map references Africa Africa
Maritime claims contiguous zone:
24 NM

exclusive economic zone:
200 NM

territorial sea:
12 NM
none (landlocked)
Merchant marine total:
9 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 39,305 GRT/63,067 DWT

ships by type:
cargo 8, petroleum tanker 1 (2000 est.)
-
Military branches Army, Navy, Air and Air Defense Forces, National Police Force Army, Navy, Air Force
Military expenditures - dollar figure $1.2 billion (FY97) $58 million (FY01)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP 22% (1999) 3.2% (FY01)
Military manpower - availability males age 15-49:
2,480,016 (2001 est.)
males age 15-49:
1,815,633 (2001 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service males age 15-49:
1,246,224 (2001 est.)
males age 15-49:
924,544 (2001 est.)
Military manpower - military age 18 years of age -
Military manpower - reaching military age annually males:
103,807 (2001 est.)
-
National holiday Independence Day, 11 November (1975) Independence Day, 1 July (1962)
Nationality noun:
Angolan(s)

adjective:
Angolan
noun:
Rwandan(s)

adjective:
Rwandan
Natural hazards locally heavy rainfall causes periodic flooding on the plateau periodic droughts; the volcanic Virunga mountains are in the northwest along the border with Democratic Republic of the Congo
Natural resources petroleum, diamonds, iron ore, phosphates, copper, feldspar, gold, bauxite, uranium gold, cassiterite (tin ore), wolframite (tungsten ore), methane, hydropower, arable land
Net migration rate -0.34 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.) -1.21 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Pipelines crude oil 179 km -
Political parties and leaders Liberal Democratic Party or PLD [Analia de Victoria PEREIRA]; National Front for the Liberation of Angola or FNLA [disputed leadership: Lucas NGONDA, Holden ROBERTO]; National Union for the Total Independence of Angola or UNITA [Jonas SAVIMBI], largest opposition party has engaged in years of armed resistance; Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola or MPLA [Jose Eduardo DOS SANTOS] ruling party in power since 1975; Social Renewal Party or PRS [disputed leadership: Eduardo KUANGANA, Antonio MUACHICUNGO]; UNITA-Renovada [Eugenio NGOLO "Manuvakola", leader]

note:
about a dozen minor parties participated in the 1992 elections but won few seats and have little influence in the National Assembly
Centrist Democratic Party or PDC [Jean-Nipomuscene NAYINZIRA]; Democratic Socialist Party or PSD [Charles NTAKIRUTINKA, Vincent BIRUTA, Augusin IYAMUREMYE]; Democratic Popular Union of Rwanda or UDPR [Adrien RANGIRA]; Democratic Republican Movement or MDR [Celestin KABANDA, Emile NTWARABAKIGA, Christian MARARA]; Islamic Democratic Party or PDI [Andre BUMAYA]; Liberal Party or PL [Pie MUGABO, Enock KABERA, Prosper MUGIRANEZA]; Rwanda Patriotic Army or RPA [Maj. Gen. Paul KAGAME, commander]; Rwanda Patriotic Front or FPR [Maj. Gen. Paul KAGAME]; Rwandan Socialist Party or PSR [Medard RUTIJANWA]
Political pressure groups and leaders Front for the Liberation of the Enclave of Cabinda or FLEC [N'zita Henriques TIAGO; Antonio Bento BEMBE]

note:
FLEC is waging a small-scale, highly factionalized, armed struggle for the independence of Cabinda Province
IBUKA - association of genocide survivors
Population 10,366,031 (July 2001 est.) 7,312,756

note:
estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2001 est.)
Population below poverty line NA% 70% (2000 est.)
Population growth rate 2.15% (2001 est.) 1.16% (2001 est.)
Ports and harbors Ambriz, Cabinda, Lobito, Luanda, Malongo, Mocamedes, Namibe, Porto Amboim, Soyo Cyangugu, Gisenyi, Kibuye
Radio broadcast stations AM 34, FM 7, shortwave 9 (1999) AM 0, FM 3, shortwave 1 (1998)
Radios 630,000 (1997) 601,000 (1997)
Railways total:
2,771 km (inland, much of the track is unusable because of land mines still in place from the civil war)

narrow gauge:
2,648 km 1.067-m gauge; 123 km 0.600-m gauge (2000)
0 km
Religions indigenous beliefs 47%, Roman Catholic 38%, Protestant 15% (1998 est.) Roman Catholic 52.7%, Protestant 24%, Adventist 10.4%, Muslim 1.9%, indigenous beliefs and other 6.5%, none 4.5% (1996)
Sex ratio at birth:
1.05 male(s)/female

under 15 years:
1.02 male(s)/female

15-64 years:
1.04 male(s)/female

65 years and over:
0.83 male(s)/female

total population:
1.02 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
at birth:
1.03 male(s)/female

under 15 years:
1.01 male(s)/female

15-64 years:
0.99 male(s)/female

65 years and over:
0.67 male(s)/female

total population:
0.99 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
Suffrage 18 years of age; universal 18 years of age; universal adult
Telephone system general assessment:
telephone service limited mostly to government and business use; HF radiotelephone used extensively for military links

domestic:
limited system of wire, microwave radio relay, and tropospheric scatter

international:
satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)
general assessment:
telephone system primarily serves business and government

domestic:
the capital, Kigali, is connected to the centers of the prefectures by microwave radio relay; the remainder of the network depends on wire and HF radiotelephone

international:
international connections employ microwave radio relay to neighboring countries and satellite communications to more distant countries; satellite earth stations - 1 Intelsat (Indian Ocean) in Kigali (includes telex and telefax service)
Telephones - main lines in use 62,000 (1997) 15,000 (1995)
Telephones - mobile cellular 7,052 (1997) NA

note:
however, Rwanda has mobile cellular service between Kigali and several prefecture capitals (2000)
Television broadcast stations 7 (1999) 2 (1997)
Terrain narrow coastal plain rises abruptly to vast interior plateau mostly grassy uplands and hills; relief is mountainous with altitude declining from west to east
Total fertility rate 6.48 children born/woman (2001 est.) 4.89 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Unemployment rate extensive unemployment and underemployment affecting more than half the population (2000 est.) NA%
Waterways 1,295 km note:
Lac Kivu navigable by shallow-draft barges and native craft
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