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Compare Akrotiri (2006) - Malaysia (2004)

Compare Akrotiri (2006) z Malaysia (2004)

 Akrotiri (2006)Malaysia (2004)
 AkrotiriMalaysia
Administrative divisions - 13 states (negeri-negeri, singular - negeri) Johor, Kedah, Kelantan, Melaka, Negeri Sembilan, Pahang, Perak, Perlis, Pulau Pinang, Sabah, Sarawak, Selangor, and Terengganu; and one federal territory (wilayah persekutuan) with three components, city of Kuala Lumpur, Labuan, and Putrajaya
Age structure - 0-14 years: 33.3% (male 4,033,037; female 3,806,451)


15-64 years: 62.1% (male 7,326,068; female 7,289,783)


65 years and over: 4.5% (male 469,499; female 597,644) (2004 est.)
Agriculture - products - Peninsular Malaysia - rubber, palm oil, cocoa, rice; Sabah - subsistence crops, rubber, timber, coconuts, rice; Sarawak - rubber, pepper; timber
Airports - 117 (2003 est.)
Airports - with paved runways - total: 38


over 3,047 m: 5


2,438 to 3,047 m: 7


1,524 to 2,437 m: 10


914 to 1,523 m: 9


under 914 m: 7 (2004 est.)
Airports - with unpaved runways - total: 79


1,524 to 2,437 m: 1


914 to 1,523 m: 6


under 914 m: 72 (2004 est.)
Area total: 123 sq km


note: includes a salt lake and wetlands
total: 329,750 sq km


land: 328,550 sq km


water: 1,200 sq km
Area - comparative about 0.7 times the size of Washington, DC slightly larger than New Mexico
Background By terms of the 1960 Treaty of Establishment that created the independent Republic of Cyprus, the UK retained full sovereignty and jurisdiction over two areas of almost 254 square kilometers - Akrotiri and Dhekelia. The southernmost and smallest of these is the Akrotiri Sovereign Base Area, which is also referred to as the Western Sovereign Base Area. During the late 18th and 19th centuries, Great Britain established colonies and protectorates in the area of current Malaysia; these were occupied by Japan from 1942 to 1945. In 1948, the British-ruled territories on the Malay Peninsula formed the Federation of Malaya, which became independent in 1957. Malaysia was formed in 1963 when the former British colonies of Singapore and the East Malaysian states of Sabah and Sarawak on the northern coast of Borneo joined the Federation. The first several years of the country's history were marred by Indonesian efforts to control Malaysia, Philippine claims to Sabah, and Singapore's secession from the Federation in 1965.
Birth rate - 23.37 births/1,000 population (2004 est.)
Budget - revenues: $22.95 billion


expenditures: $27.75 billion, including capital expenditures of $9.4 billion (2003 est.)
Capital name: Episkopi Cantonment; also serves as capital of Dhekelia


geographic coordinates: 34 40 N, 32 51 E


time difference: UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)


daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October
Kuala Lumpur


note: Putrajaya is referred to as administrative center not capital; Parliament meets in Kuala Lumpur
Climate temperate; Mediterranean with hot, dry summers and cool winters tropical; annual southwest (April to October) and northeast (October to February) monsoons
Coastline 56.3 km 4,675 km (Peninsular Malaysia 2,068 km, East Malaysia 2,607 km)
Constitution Sovereign Base Areas of Akrotiri and Dhekelia Order in Council 1960, effective 16 August 1960 31 August 1957, amended 16 September 1963
Country name conventional long form: Akrotiri Sovereign Base Area


conventional short form: Akrotiri
conventional long form: none


conventional short form: Malaysia


former: Federation of Malaysia
Currency - ringgit (MYR)
Death rate - 5.08 deaths/1,000 population (2004 est.)
Debt - external - $48.84 billion (2003 est.)
Dependency status overseas territory of UK; administered by an administrator who is also the Commander, British Forces Cyprus -
Diplomatic representation from the US none (overseas territory of the UK) chief of mission: Ambassador Christopher J. LAFLEUR


embassy: 376 Jalan Tun Razak, 50400 Kuala Lumpur


mailing address: P. O. Box No. 10035, 50700 Kuala Lumpur; American Embassy Kuala Lumpur, APO AP 96535-8152


telephone: [60] (3) 2168-5000


FAX: [60] (3) 2142-2207
Diplomatic representation in the US none (overseas territory of the UK) chief of mission: Ambassador GHAZZALI bin Sheikh Abdul Khalid


chancery: 3516 International Court NW, Washington, DC 20008


telephone: [1] (202) 572-9700


FAX: [1] (202) 572-9882


consulate(s) general: Los Angeles and New York
Disputes - international - involved in complex dispute with China, Philippines, Taiwan, Vietnam and possibly Brunei over the Spratly Islands; the 2002 "Declaration on the Conduct of Parties in the South China Sea" has eased tensions but falls short of a legally binding "code of conduct" desired by several of the disputants; disputes over deliveries of fresh water to Singapore, Singapore's land reclamation, bridge construction, maritime boundaries, and Pedra Branca Island/Pulau Batu Putih persist - parties agree to ICJ arbitration on island dispute within three years; ICJ awarded Ligitan and Sipadan islands off the coast of Sabah, also claimed by Indonesia and Philippines, to Malaysia; a 1 kilometer segment at the mouth of the Golok River remains in dispute with Thailand; Philippines retains a now dormant claim to Malaysia's Sabah State in northern Borneo based on the Sultanate of Sulu's granting the Philippines Government power of attorney to pursue the Sultanate's sovereignty claim; in 2003 Brunei and Malaysia ceased gas and oil exploration in their offshore and deepwater seabeds until negotiations progress to an agreement over allocation of disputed areas; Malaysia's land boundary with Brunei around Limbang is in dispute
Economy - overview Economic activity is limited to providing services to the military and their families located in Akrotiri. All food and manufactured goods must be imported. Malaysia, a middle-income country, transformed itself from 1971 through the late 1990s from a producer of raw materials into an emerging multi-sector economy. Growth was almost exclusively driven by exports - particularly of electronics. As a result Malaysia was hard hit by the global economic downturn and the slump in the information technology (IT) sector in 2001 and 2002. GDP in 2001 grew only 0.5% due to an estimated 11% contraction in exports, but a substantial fiscal stimulus package equal to US $1.9 billion mitigated the worst of the recession and the economy rebounded in 2002 with a 4.1% increase. The economy grew 4.9% in 2003, notwithstanding a difficult first half, when external pressures from SARS and the Iraq War led to caution in the business community. Healthy foreign exchange reserves and a relatively small external debt make it unlikely that Malaysia will experience a crisis similar to the one in 1997, but the economy remains vulnerable to a more protracted slowdown in Japan and the US, top export destinations and key sources of foreign investment. The Malaysian ringgit is pegged to the dollar, and the Japanese central bank continues to intervene and prop up the yen against the dollar.
Electricity - consumption - 68.4 billion kWh (2002)
Electricity - exports - 0 kWh (2002)
Electricity - imports - 0 kWh (2002)
Electricity - production - 75.33 billion kWh (2002)
Elevation extremes - lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m


highest point: Gunung Kinabalu 4,100 m
Environment - current issues shooting around the salt lake; note - breeding place for loggerhead and green turtles; only remaining colony of griffon vultures is on the base air pollution from industrial and vehicular emissions; water pollution from raw sewage; deforestation; smoke/haze from Indonesian forest fires
Environment - international agreements - party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands
Ethnic groups - Malay and other indigenous 58%, Chinese 24%, Indian 8%, others 10% (2000)
Exchange rates - ringgits per US dollar - 3.8 (2003), 3.8 (2002), 3.8 (2001), 3.8 (2000), 3.8 (1999)
Executive branch chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952)


head of government: Administrator Air Vice-Marshal Richard LACEY (since 26 April 2006); note - reports to the British Ministry of Defence


elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; the administrator is appointed by the monarch
chief of state: Paramount Ruler Tuanku SYED SIRAJUDDIN ibni Almarhum Tuanku Syed Putra Jamalullail, the Raja of Perlis (since 12 December 2001)


head of government: Prime Minister ABDULLAH bin Ahmad Badawi (since 31 October 2003); Deputy Prime Minister NAJIB Tun Razak (since 7 January 2004)


cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the prime minister from among the members of Parliament with consent of the paramount ruler


elections: paramount ruler elected by and from the hereditary rulers of nine of the states for five-year terms; election last held 12 December 2001 (next to be held NA 2006); prime minister designated from among the members of the House of Representatives; following legislative elections, the leader of the party that wins a plurality of seats in the House of Representatives becomes prime minister


election results: Tuanku SYED SIRAJUDDIN ibni Almarhum Tuanku Syed Putra Jamalullail elected paramount ruler
Exports - 230,200 bbl/day (2003)
Exports - commodities - electronic equipment, petroleum and liquefied natural gas, wood and wood products, palm oil, rubber, textiles, chemicals
Exports - partners - US 19.6%, Singapore 15.7%, Japan 10.7%, China 6.5%, Hong Kong 6.5%, Thailand 4.4% (2003)
Fiscal year - calendar year
Flag description the flag of the UK is used 14 equal horizontal stripes of red (top) alternating with white (bottom); there is a blue rectangle in the upper hoist-side corner bearing a yellow crescent and a yellow 14-pointed star; the crescent and the star are traditional symbols of Islam; the design was based on the flag of the US
GDP - purchasing power parity - $207.8 billion (2003 est.)
GDP - composition by sector - agriculture: 7.3%


industry: 33.5%


services: 59.1% (2003 est.)
GDP - per capita - purchasing power parity - $9,000 (2003 est.)
GDP - real growth rate - 5.2% (2003 est.)
Geographic coordinates 34 37 N, 32 58 E 2 30 N, 112 30 E
Geography - note British extraterritorial rights also extended to several small off-post sites scattered across Cyprus strategic location along Strait of Malacca and southern South China Sea
Heliports - 1 (2003 est.)
Highways - total: 65,877 km


paved: 49,935 km (including 1,192 km of expressways)


unpaved: 15,942 km (1999)
Household income or consumption by percentage share - lowest 10%: 1.4%


highest 10%: 39.2% (2003 est.)
Illicit drugs - transit point for some illicit drugs; drug trafficking prosecuted vigorously and carries severe penalties
Imports - NA (2003)
Imports - commodities - electronics, machinery, petroleum products, plastics, vehicles, iron and steel products, chemicals
Imports - partners - Japan 17.3%, US 15.5%, Singapore 11.9%, China 8.8%, South Korea 5.5%, Taiwan 5%, Germany 4.7%, Thailand 4.6% (2003)
Independence - 31 August 1957 (from UK)
Industrial production growth rate - 9.3% (2003 est.)
Industries - Peninsular Malaysia - rubber and oil palm processing and manufacturing, light manufacturing industry, electronics, tin mining and smelting, logging and processing timber; Sabah - logging, petroleum production; Sarawak - agriculture processing, petroleum production and refining, logging
Infant mortality rate - total: 18.35 deaths/1,000 live births


male: 21.23 deaths/1,000 live births


female: 15.27 deaths/1,000 live births (2004 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) - 1.1% (2003 est.)
International organization participation - ABEDA, APEC, ARF, AsDB, ASEAN, BIS, C, CP, FAO, G-15, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, ISO, ITU, MIGA, MINURSO, MONUC, NAM, OIC, ONUB, OPCW, PCA, UN, UNAMSIL, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNMEE, UNMIK, UNMIL, UNMISET, UPU, WCL, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO
Irrigated land - 3,650 sq km (1998 est.)
Judicial branch - Federal Court (judges appointed by the paramount ruler on the advice of the prime minister)
Labor force - 10.26 million (2003 est.)
Labor force - by occupation - agriculture 14.5%, industry 36%, services 49.5% (2000 est.)
Land boundaries total: 47.4 km


border countries: Cyprus 47.4 km
total: 2,669 km


border countries: Brunei 381 km, Indonesia 1,782 km, Thailand 506 km
Land use - arable land: 5.48%


permanent crops: 17.61%


other: 76.91% (2001)
Languages English, Greek Bahasa Melayu (official), English, Chinese dialects (Cantonese, Mandarin, Hokkien, Hakka, Hainan, Foochow), Tamil, Telugu, Malayalam, Panjabi, Thai; note - in addition, in East Malaysia several indigenous languages are spoken, the largest are Iban and Kadazan
Legal system the laws of the UK, where applicable, apply based on English common law; judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court at request of supreme head of the federation; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Legislative branch - bicameral Parliament or Parlimen consists of the Senate or Dewan Negara (70 seats; 44 appointed by the paramount ruler, 26 appointed by the state legislatures) and the House of Representatives or Dewan Rakyat (219 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)


elections: House of Representatives - last held 21 March 2004 (next must be held by 2009)


election results: House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - BN 91%, DAP 5%, PAS 3%, other 1%; seats by party - BN 199, DAP 12, PAS 6, Keadilan 1, independent 1
Life expectancy at birth - total population: 71.95 years


male: 69.29 years


female: 74.81 years (2004 est.)
Literacy - definition: age 15 and over can read and write


total population: 88.7%


male: 92%


female: 85.4% (2002)
Location peninsula on the southwest coast of Cyprus Southeastern Asia, peninsula bordering Thailand and northern one-third of the island of Borneo, bordering Indonesia, Brunei, and the South China Sea, south of Vietnam
Map references Middle East Southeast Asia
Maritime claims - territorial sea: 12 nm


exclusive economic zone: 200 nm


continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation; specified boundary in the South China Sea
Merchant marine - total: 360 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 5,389,397 GRT/7,539,178 DWT


by type: bulk 59, cargo 100, chemical tanker 38, container 66, liquefied gas 25, livestock carrier 1, passenger 2, petroleum tanker 56, roll on/roll off 5, vehicle carrier 8


foreign-owned: China 1, Germany 2, Hong Kong 8, Indonesia 2, Japan 2, South Korea 1, Liberia 1, Monaco 1, Norway 1, Philippines 2, Singapore 81, Vietnam 1


registered in other countries: 75 (2004 est.)
Military - note Akrotiri has a full RAF base, Headquarters for British Forces on Cyprus, and Episkopi Support Unit -
Military branches - Malaysian Army, Royal Malaysian Navy, Royal Malaysian Air Force, Royal Malaysian Marine Police, Sarawak Border Scouts
Military expenditures - dollar figure - $1.69 billion (FY00 est.)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP - 2.03% (FY00)
Military manpower - availability - males age 15-49: 6,193,587 (2004 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service - males age 15-49: 3,746,960 (2004 est.)
Military manpower - reaching military age annually - males: 223,466 (2004 est.)
National holiday - Independence Day/Malaysia Day, 31 August (1957)
Nationality - noun: Malaysian(s)


adjective: Malaysian
Natural hazards - flooding, landslides, forest fires
Natural resources - tin, petroleum, timber, copper, iron ore, natural gas, bauxite
Net migration rate - 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population


note: does not reflect net flow of an unknown number of illegal immigrants from other countries in the region (2004 est.)
Pipelines - condensate 279 km; gas 5,047 km; oil 1,841 km; refined products 114 km (2004)
Political parties and leaders - ruling-coalition National Front (Barisan Nasional) or BN, consisting of the following parties: Gerakan Rakyat Malaysia Party or PGRM [LIM Keng Yaik]; Liberal Democratic Party (Parti Liberal Demokratik - Sabah) or LDP [CHONG Kah Kiat]; Malaysian Chinese Association (Persatuan China Malaysia) or MCA [ONG Ka Ting]; Malaysian Indian Congress (Kongresi India Malaysia) or MIC [S. Samy VELLU]; Parti Bersatu Pakyat Sabah or PBRS [Joseph KURUP]; Parti Bersatu Sabah or PBS [Joseph PAIRIN Kitingan]; Parti Pesaka Bumiputra Bersatu or PBB [Patinggi Haji Abdul TAIB Mahmud]; Parti Rakyat Sarawak or PRS [James MASING]; Sabah Progressive Party (Parti Progresif Sabah) or SAPP [YONG Teck Lee]; Sarawak United People's Party (Parti Bersatu Rakyat Sarawak) or SUPP [George CHAN Hong Nam]; United Malays National Organization or UMNO [ABDULLAH Ahmad Badawi]; United Pasokmomogun Kadazandusun Murut Organization (Pertubuhan Pasko Momogun Kadazan Dusun Bersatu) or UPKO [Bernard DOMPOK]; People's Progressive Party (Parti Progresif Penduduk Malaysia) or PPP [M.Keyveas]; Sarawak Progressive Democratic Party or SPDP [William MAWANI]; opposition parties: Democratic Action Party (Parti Tindakan Demokratik) or DAP [KARPAL Singh]; Islamic Party of Malaysia (Parti Islam se Malaysia) or PAS [Abdul HADI Awang]; People's Justice Party (Parti Keadilan Rakyat) or PKR [WAN AZIZAH Wan Ismael]; Sarawak National Party or SNAP [Edwin DANDUNG]; opposition coalition Alternative Front (Barisan Alternatif) or BA consists of PAS and PKR
Political pressure groups and leaders - NA
Population no indigenous inhabitants


note: approximately 1,300 military personnel are on the base; there are another 5,000 British citizens who are families of military personnel or civilian staff on both Akrotiri and Dhekelia; Cyprus citizens work on the base, but do not live there
23,522,482 (July 2004 est.)
Population below poverty line - 8% (1998 est.)
Population growth rate - 1.83% (2004 est.)
Ports and harbors - Bintulu, Kota Kinabalu, Kuantan, Kuching, Kudat, Labuan, Lahad Datu, Lumut, Miri, Pasir Gudang, George Town (Penang), Port Dickson, Port Kelang, Sandakan, Sibu, Tanjung Berhala, Tanjung Kidurong, Tawau
Radio broadcast stations FM 1


note: British Forces Broadcasting Service (BFBS) provides Radio 1 and Radio 2 service to Akrotiri, Dhekelia, and Nicosia (2006)
AM 35, FM 391, shortwave 15 (2001)
Railways - total: 2,418 km (207 km electrified)


standard gauge: 57 km 1.435-m gauge (57 km electrified)


narrow gauge: 2,361 km 1.000-m gauge (150 km electrified) (2003)
Religions - Muslim, Buddhist, Daoist, Hindu, Christian, Sikh; note - in addition, Shamanism is practiced in East Malaysia
Sex ratio - at birth: 1.07 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.06 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 1.01 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.79 male(s)/female


total population: 1.01 male(s)/female (2004 est.)
Suffrage - 21 years of age; universal
Telephone system - general assessment: modern system; international service excellent


domestic: good intercity service provided on Peninsular Malaysia mainly by microwave radio relay; adequate intercity microwave radio relay network between Sabah and Sarawak via Brunei; domestic satellite system with 2 earth stations


international: country code - 60; submarine cables to India, Hong Kong, and Singapore; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Indian Ocean and 1 Pacific Ocean) (2001)
Telephones - main lines in use - 4,571,600 (2003)
Telephones - mobile cellular - 11,124,100 (2003)
Television broadcast stations British Forces Broadcasting Service (BFBS) provides multi-channel satellite service to Akrotiri, Dhekelia, and Nicosia (2006) 1 (plus 15 high-power repeaters) (2001)
Terrain - coastal plains rising to hills and mountains
Total fertility rate - 3.1 children born/woman (2004 est.)
Unemployment rate - 3.6% (2003 est.)
Waterways - 7,200 km


note: Peninsular Malaysia 3,200 km, Sabah 1,500 km, Sarawak 2,500 km (2004)
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