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Porownanie Jezyki (2008) - Jezyki (2004)

Porownanie Jezyki (2008) z Jezyki (2004)

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  Jezyki (2008)Jezyki (2004)
Afganistan Afganistan Afghan Persian or Dari (official) 50%, Pashto (official) 35%, Turkic languages (primarily Uzbek and Turkmen) 11%, 30 minor languages (primarily Balochi and Pashai) 4%, much bilingualism Pashtu (official) 35%, Afghan Persian (Dari) 50%, Turkic languages (primarily Uzbek and Turkmen) 11%, 30 minor languages (primarily Balochi and Pashai) 4%, much bilingualism
Akrotiri Akrotiri English, Greek -
Albania Albania Albanian (official - derived from Tosk dialect), Greek, Vlach, Romani, Slavic dialects Albanian (official - derived from Tosk dialect), Greek, Vlach, Romani, Slavic dialects
Algieria Algieria Arabic (official), French, Berber dialects Arabic (official), French, Berber dialects
Samoa Amerykanskie Samoa Amerykanskie Samoan 90.6% (closely related to Hawaiian and other Polynesian languages), English 2.9%, Tongan 2.4%, other Pacific islander 2.1%, other 2%


note: most people are bilingual (2000 census)		 Samoan (closely related to Hawaiian and other Polynesian languages), English


note: most people are bilingual
Andora Andora Catalan (official), French, Castilian, Portuguese Catalan (official), French, Castilian, Portuguese
Angola Angola Portuguese (official), Bantu and other African languages Portuguese (official), Bantu and other African languages
Anguilla Anguilla English (official) English (official)
Antigua i Barbuda Antigua i Barbuda English (official), local dialects English (official), local dialects
Argentyna Argentyna Spanish (official), English, Italian, German, French Spanish (official), English, Italian, German, French
Armenia Armenia Armenian 97.7%, Yezidi 1%, Rosjan 0.9%, other 0.4% (2001 census) Armenian 96%, Rosjan 2%, other 2%
Aruba Aruba Papiamento (a Spanish-Portuguese-Dutch-English dialect) 66.3%, Spanish 12.6%, English (widely spoken) 7.7%, Dutch (official) 5.8%, other 2.2%, unspecified or unknown 5.3% (2000 census) Dutch (official), Papiamento (a Spanish, Portuguese, Dutch, English dialect), English (widely spoken), Spanish
Australia Australia English 79.1%, Chinese 2.1%, Italian 1.9%, other 11.1%, unspecified 5.8% (2001 Census) English, native languages
Austria Austria German (official nationwide) 88.6%, Turkish 2.3%, Serbian 2.2%, Chorwacjan (official w Burgenland) 1.6%, other (includes Slovene,official w Carinthia, and Hungarian, official w Burgenland) 5.3% (2001 census) German (official nationwide), Slovene (official w Carinthia), Chorwacjan (official w Burgenland), Hungarian (official w Burgenland)
Azerbejdzan Azerbejdzan Azerbejdzani (Azeri) 90.3%, Lezgi 2.2%, Rosjan 1.8%, Armenian 1.5%, other 3.3%, unspecified 1% (1999 census) Azerbejdzani (Azeri) 89%, Rosjan 3%, Armenian 2%, other 6% (1995 est.)
Bahamy Bahamy English (official), Creole (among Haitian immigrants) English (official), Creole (among Haitian immigrants)
Bahrajn Bahrajn Arabic, English, Farsi, Urdu Arabic, English, Farsi, Urdu
Bangladesz Bangladesz Bangla (official, also known as Bengali), English Bangla (official, also known as Bengali), English
Barbados Barbados English English
Bialorus Bialorus Bialorusian, Rosjan, other Bialorusian, Rosjan, other
Belgia Belgia Dutch (official) 60%, French (official) 40%, German (official) less than 1%, legally bilingual (Dutch and French) Dutch (official) 60%, French (official) 40%, German (official) less than 1%, legally bilingual (Dutch and French)
Belize Belize Spanish 46%, Creole 32.9%, majan dialects 8.9%, English 3.9% (official), Garifuna 3.4% (Carib), German 3.3%, other 1.4%, unknown 0.2% (2000 census) English (official), Spanish, majan, Garifuna (Carib), Creole
Benin Benin French (official), Fon and Yoruba (most common vernaculars w south), tribal languages (at least six major ones w north) French (official), Fon and Yoruba (most common vernaculars w south), tribal languages (at least six major ones w north)
Bermudy Bermudy English (official), Portuguese English (official), Portuguese
Bhutan Bhutan Dzongkha (official), Bhotes speak various Tibetan dialects, Nepalese speak various Nepalese dialects Dzongkha (official), Bhotes speak various Tibetan dialects, Nepalese speak various Nepalese dialects
Boliwia Boliwia Spanish (official), Quechua (official), Aymara (official) Spanish (official), Quechua (official), Aymara (official)
Bosnia i Hercegowina Bosnia i Hercegowina Bosnian, Chorwacjan, Serbian Bosnian, Chorwacjan, Serbian
Botswana Botswana Setswana 78.2%, Kalanga 7.9%, Sekgalagadi 2.8%, English 2.1% (official), other 8.6%, unspecified 0.4% (2001 census) English (official), Setswana
Brazylia Brazylia Portuguese (official), Spanish, English, French Portuguese (official), Spanish, English, French
Brytyjskie Wyspy Dziewicze Brytyjskie Wyspy Dziewicze English (official) English (official)
Brunei Brunei Malay (official), English, Chinese Malay (official), English, Chinese
Bulgaria Bulgaria Bulgarian 84.5%, Turkish 9.6%, Roma 4.1%, other and unspecified 1.8% (2001 census) Bulgarian, secondary languages closely correspond to ethnic breakdown
Burkina Faso Burkina Faso French (official), native African languages belonging to Sudanic family spoken by 90% of the population French (official), native African languages belonging to Sudanic family spoken by 90% of the population
Birma Birma Burmese, minority ethnic groups have their own languages Burmese, minority ethnic groups have their own languages
Burundi Burundi Kirundi (official), French (official), Swahili (along Lake Tanganyika and w the Bujumbura area) Kirundi (official), French (official), Swahili (along Lake Tanganyika and w the Bujumbura area)
Kambodza Kambodza Khmer (official) 95%, French, English Khmer (official) 95%, French, English
Kamerun Kamerun 24 major African language groups, English (official), French (official) 24 major African language groups, English (official), French (official)
Kanada Kanada English (official) 59.3%, French (official) 23.2%, other 17.5% English 59.3% (official), French 23.2% (official), other 17.5%
Republika Zielonego Przyladka Republika Zielonego Przyladka Portuguese, Crioulo (a blend of Portuguese and West African words) Portuguese, Crioulo (a blend of Portuguese and West African words)
Kajmany Kajmany English English
Cesarstwo Srodkowoafrykanskie Cesarstwo Srodkowoafrykanskie French (official), Sangho (lingua franca and national language), tribal languages French (official), Sangho (lingua franca and national language), tribal languages
Czad Czad French (official), Arabic (official), Sara (in south), more than 120 different languages and dialects French (official), Arabic (official), Sara (in south), more than 120 different languages and dialects
Chile Chile Spanish Spanish
Chiny Chiny Standard Chinese or Mandarin (Putonghua, based on the Beijing dialect), Yue (Cantonese), Wu (Shanghainese), Minbei (Fuzhou), Minnan (Hokkien-Tajwanese), Xiang, Gan, Hakka dialects, minority languages (see Grupy etniczne entry) Standard Chinese or Mandarin (Putonghua, based on the Beijing dialect), Yue (Cantonese), Wu (Shanghaiese), Minbei (Fuzhou), Minnan (Hokkien-Tajwanese), Xiang, Gan, Hakka dialects, minority languages (see Grupy etniczne entry)
Wyspa Bozego Narodzenia Wyspa Bozego Narodzenia English (official), Chinese, Malay English (official), Chinese, Malay
Wyspy Kokosowe Wyspy Kokosowe Malay (Cocos dialect), English Malay (Cocos dialect), English
Kolumbia Kolumbia Spanish Spanish
Komory Komory Arabic (official), French (official), Shikomoro (a blend of Swahili and Arabic) Arabic (official), French (official), Shikomoro (a blend of Swahili and Arabic)
Kongo, Republika Demokratyczna Kongo, Republika Demokratyczna French (official), Lingala (a lingua franca trade language), Kingwana (a dialect of Kiswahili or Swahili), Kikongo, Tshiluba French (official), Lingala (a lingua franca trade language), Kingwana (a dialect of Kiswahili or Swahili), Kikongo, Tshiluba
Kongo, Republika Kongo, Republika French (official), Lingala and Monokutuba (lingua franca trade languages), many local languages and dialects (of which Kikongo is the most widespread) French (official), Lingala and Monokutuba (lingua franca trade languages), many local languages and dialects (of which Kikongo is the most widespread)
Wyspy Cooka Wyspy Cooka English (official), Maori English (official), Maori
Kostaryka Kostaryka Spanish (official), English Spanish (official), English
Cote d'Ivoire Cote d'Ivoire French (official), 60 native dialects z Dioula the most widely spoken French (official), 60 native dialects z Dioula the most widely spoken
Chorwacja Chorwacja Chorwacjan 96.1%, Serbian 1%, other and undesignated 2.9% (including Italian, Hungarian, Czech, Slovak, and German) (2001 census) Chorwacjan 96%, other 4% (including Italian, Hungarian, Czech, Slovak, and German)
Kuba Kuba Spanish Spanish
Cypr Cypr Greek, Turkish, English Greek, Turkish, English
Czechy Czechy Czech 94.9%, Slovak 2%, other 2.3%, unidentified 0.8% (2001 census) Czech
Dania Dania Danish, Faroese, Grenlandiaic (an Inuit dialect), German (small minority)


note: English is the predominant second language		 Danish, Faroese, Grenlandiaic (an Inuit dialect), German (small minority)


note: English is the predominant second language
Dhekelia Dhekelia English, Greek -
Dzibuti Dzibuti French (official), Arabic (official), Somali, Afar French (official), Arabic (official), Somali, Afar
Dominika Dominika English (official), French patois English (official), French patois
Republika Dominikanska Republika Dominikanska Spanish Spanish
Timor Wschodni Timor Wschodni - Tetum (official), Portuguese (official), Indonezjan, English


note: there are about 16 indigenous languages; Tetum, Galole, Mambae, and Kemak are spoken by significant numbers of people
Ekwador Ekwador Spanish (official), Amerindian languages (especially Quechua) Spanish (official), Amerindian languages (especially Quechua)
Egipt Egipt Arabic (official), English and French widely understood by educated classes Arabic (official), English and French widely understood by educated classes
Salwador Salwador Spanish, Nahua (among some Amerindians) Spanish, Nahua (among some Amerindians)
Gwinea Równikowa Gwinea Równikowa Spanish 67.6% (official), other 32.4% (includes French (official), Fang, Bubi) (1994 census) Spanish (official), French (official), pidgin English, Fang, Bubi, Ibo
Erytrea Erytrea Afar, Arabic, Tigre and Kunama, Tigrinya, other Cushitic languages Afar, Arabic, Tigre and Kunama, Tigrinya, other Cushitic languages
Estonia Estonia Estonian (official) 67.3%, Rosjan 29.7%, other 2.3%, unknown 0.7% (2000 census) Estonian (official), Rosjan, Ukrainian, Finnish, other
Etiopia Etiopia Amarigna 32.7%, Oromigna 31.6%, Tigrigna 6.1%, Somaligna 6%, Guaragigna 3.5%, Sidamigna 3.5%, Hadiyigna 1.7%, other 14.8%, English (major foreign language taught w schools) (1994 census) Amharic, Tigrinya, Oromigna, Guaragigna, Somali, Arabic, other local languages, English (major foreign language taught w schools)
Unia Europejska Unia Europejska Bulgarian, Czech, Danish, Dutch, English, Estonian, Finnish, French, Gaelic, German, Greek, Hungarian, Italian, Lotwan, Litwan, Maltese, Polish, Portuguese, Rumunian, Slovak, Slovene, Spanish, Swedish


note: only official languages are listed; German, the major language of Niemcy, Austria, and Szwajcaria, is the most widely spoken mother tongue - over 19% of the EU population; English is the most widely spoken language - about 49% of the EU population is conversant z it (2007)		 Czech, Danish, Dutch, English, Estonian, Finnish, French, German, Greek, Hungarian, Italian, Lotwan, Litwan, Maltese, Polish, Portuguese, Slovak, Slovene, Spanish, Swedish; note - only official languages are listed
Falklandy Falklandy English English
Wyspy Owcze Wyspy Owcze Faroese (derived from Old Norse), Danish Faroese (derived from Old Norse), Danish
Fidzi Fidzi English (official), Fidzian (official), Hindustani English (official), Fidzian, Hindustani
Finlandia Finlandia Finnish 92% (official), Swedish 5.6% (official), other 2.4% (small Sami- and Rosjan-speaking minorities) (2003) Finnish 93.4% (official), Swedish 5.9% (official), small Sami- and Rosjan-speaking minorities
Francja Francja French 100%, rapidly declining regional dialects and languages (Provencal, Breton, Alsatian, Corsican, Catalan, Basque, Flemish)


overseas departments: French, Creole patois		 French 100%, rapidly declining regional dialects and languages (Provencal, Breton, Alsatian, Corsican, Catalan, Basque, Flemish)
Gujana Francuska Gujana Francuska - French
Polinezja Francuska Polinezja Francuska French 61.1% (official), Polynesian 31.4% (official), Asian languages 1.2%, other 0.3%, unspecified 6% (2002 census) French (official), Tahitian (official)
Gabon Gabon French (official), Fang, Myene, Nzebi, Bapounou/Eschira, Bandjabi French (official), Fang, Myene, Nzebi, Bapounou/Eschira, Bandjabi
Gambia Gambia English (official), Mandinka, Wolof, Fula, other indigenous vernaculars English (official), Mandinka, Wolof, Fula, other indigenous vernaculars
Gaza Gaza Arabic, Hebrew (spoken by many Palestinians), English (widely understood) Arabic, Hebrew (spoken by Izraeli settlers and many Palestinians), English (widely understood)
Georgia Georgia Georgian 71% (official), Rosjan 9%, Armenian 7%, Azeri 6%, other 7%


note: Abkhaz is the official language w Abkhazia		 Georgian 71% (official), Rosjan 9%, Armenian 7%, Azeri 6%, other 7%


note: Abkhaz is the official language w Abkhazia
Niemcy Niemcy German German
Ghana Ghana Asante 14.8%, Ewe 12.7%, Fante 9.9%, Boron (Brong) 4.6%, Dagomba 4.3%, Dangme 4.3%, Dagarte (Dagaba) 3.7%, Akyem 3.4%, Ga 3.4%, Akuapem 2.9%, other 36.1% (includes English (official)) (2000 census) English (official), African languages (including Akan, Moshi-Dagomba, Ewe, and Ga)
Gibraltar Gibraltar English (used w schools and dla official purposes), Spanish, Italian, Portuguese English (used w schools and dla official purposes), Spanish, Italian, Portuguese
Grecja Grecja Greek 99% (official), other 1% (includes English and French) Greek 99% (official), English, French
Grenlandia Grenlandia Grenlandiaic (East Inuit), Danish, English Grenlandiaic (East Inuit), Danish, English
Grenada Grenada English (official), French patois English (official), French patois
Gwadelupa Gwadelupa - French (official) 99%, Creole patois
Guam Guam English 38.3%, Chamorro 22.2%, Philippine languages 22.2%, other Pacific island languages 6.8%, Asian languages 7%, other languages 3.5% (2000 census) English, Chamorro, Japoniaese
Gwatemala Gwatemala Spanish 60%, Amerindian languages 40% (23 officially recognized Amerindian languages, including Quiche, Cakchiquel, Kekchi, Mam, Garifuna, and Xinca) Spanish 60%, Amerindian languages 40% (23 officially recognized Amerindian languages, including Quiche, Cakchiquel, Kekchi, Mam, Garifuna, and Xinca)
Guernsey Guernsey English, French, Norman-French dialect spoken w country districts English, French, Norman-French dialect spoken w country districts
Gwinea Gwinea French (official); note - each ethnic group has its own language French (official), each ethnic group has its own language
Gwinea Bissau Gwinea Bissau Portuguese (official), Crioulo, African languages Portuguese (official), Crioulo, African languages
Gujana Gujana English, Amerindian dialects, Creole, Caribbean Hindustani (a dialect of Hindi), Urdu English, Amerindian dialects, Creole, Hindi, Urdu
Haiti Haiti French (official), Creole (official) French (official), Creole (official)
Watykan Watykan Italian, Latin, French, various other languages Italian, Latin, French, various other languages
Honduras Honduras Spanish, Amerindian dialects Spanish, Amerindian dialects
Hong Kong Hong Kong Chinese (Cantonese) 89.2% (official), other Chinese dialects 6.4%, English 3.2% (official), other 1.2% (2001 census) Chinese (Cantonese), English; both are official
Wegry Wegry Hungarian 93.6%, other or unspecified 6.4% (2001 census) Hungarian 98.2%, other 1.8%
Islandia Islandia Islandiaic, English, Nordic languages, German widely spoken Islandiaic, English, Nordic languages, German widely spoken
Indie Indie English enjoys associate status but is the most important language dla national, political, and commercial communication; Hindi is the national language and primary tongue of 30% of the people; there are 21 other official languages: Assamese, Bengali, Bodo, Dogri, Gujarati, Kannada, Kashmiri, Konkani, Maithili, Malayalam, Manipuri, Marathi, Nepali, Oriya, Punjabi, Sanscrit, Santhali, Sindhi, Tamil, Telugu, and Urdu; Hindustani is a popular variant of Hindi/Urdu spoken widely throughout northern Indie but is not an official language English enjoys associate status but is the most important language dla national, political, and commercial communication; Hindi is the national language and primary tongue of 30% of the people; there are 14 other official languages: Bengali, Telugu, Marathi, Tamil, Urdu, Gujarati, Malayalam, Kannada, Oriya, Punjabi, Assamese, Kashmiri, Sindhi, and Sanskrit; Hindustani is a popular variant of Hindi/Urdu spoken widely throughout northern Indie but is not an official language
Indonezja Indonezja Bahasa Indonezja (official, modified form of Malay), English, Dutch, local dialects (the most widely spoken of which is Javanese) Bahasa Indonezja (official, modified form of Malay), English, Dutch, local dialects, the most widely spoken of which is Javanese
Iran Iran Persian and Persian dialects 58%, Turkic and Turkic dialects 26%, Kurdish 9%, Luri 2%, Balochi 1%, Arabic 1%, Turkish 1%, other 2% Persian and Persian dialects 58%, Turkic and Turkic dialects 26%, Kurdish 9%, Luri 2%, Balochi 1%, Arabic 1%, Turkish 1%, other 2%
Irak Irak Arabic, Kurdish (official w Kurdish regions), Assyrian, Armenian Arabic, Kurdish (official w Kurdish regions), Assyrian, Armenian
Irlandia Irlandia English (official) is the language generally used, Irish (Gaelic or Gaeilge) (official) spoken mainly w areas located along the western seaboard English is the language generally used, Irish (Gaelic or Gaeilge) spoken mainly w areas located along the western seaboard
Wyspa Man Wyspa Man English, Manx Gaelic English, Manx Gaelic
Izrael Izrael Hebrew (official), Arabic used officially dla Arab minority, English most commonly used foreign language Hebrew (official), Arabic used officially dla Arab minority, English most commonly used foreign language
Wlochy Wlochy Italian (official), German (parts of Trentino-Alto Adige region are predominantly German speaking), French (small French-speaking minority w Valle d'Aosta region), Slovene (Slovene-speaking minority w the Trieste-Gorizia area) Italian (official), German (parts of Trentino-Alto Adige region are predominantly German speaking), French (small French-speaking minority w Valle d'Aosta region), Slovene (Slovene-speaking minority w the Trieste-Gorizia area)
Jamajka Jamajka English, English patois English, patois English
Japonia Japonia Japoniaese Japoniaese
Jersey Jersey English 94.5% (official), Portuguese 4.6%, other 0.9% (2001 census) English (official), French (official), Norman-French dialect spoken w country districts
Jordania Jordania Arabic (official), English widely understood among upper and middle classes Arabic (official), English widely understood among upper and middle classes
Kazachstan Kazachstan Kazakh (Qazaq, state language) 64.4%, Rosjan (official, used w everyday business, designated the "language of interethnic communication") 95% (2001 est.) Kazakh (Qazaq, state language) 64.4%, Rosjan (official, used w everyday business, designated the "language of interethnic communication") 95% (2001 est.)
Kenia Kenia English (official), Kiswahili (official), numerous indigenous languages English (official), Kiswahili (official), numerous indigenous languages
Kiribati Kiribati I-Kiribati, English (official) I-Kiribati, English (official)
Polnocna Korea Polnocna Korea Korean Korean
Poludniowa Korea Poludniowa Korea Korean, English widely taught w junior high and high school Korean, English widely taught w junior high and high school
Kosowo Kosowo Albanian, Serbian, Bosniak, Turkish -
Kuwejt Kuwejt Arabic (official), English widely spoken Arabic (official), English widely spoken
Kirgistan Kirgistan Kyrgyz 64.7% (official), Uzbek 13.6%, Rosjan 12.5% (official), Dungun 1%, other 8.2% (1999 census) Kyrgyz - official language, Rosjan - official language


note: w grudzien 2001, the Kirgistani legislature made Rosjan an official language, equal w status to Kyrgyz
Laos Laos Lao (official), French, English, and various ethnic languages Lao (official), French, English, and various ethnic languages
Lotwa Lotwa Lotwan (official) 58.2%, Rosjan 37.5%, Litwan and other 4.3% (2000 census) Lotwan (official), Litwan, Rosjan, other
Liban Liban Arabic (official), French, English, Armenian Arabic (official), French, English, Armenian
Lesotho Lesotho Sesotho (southern Sotho), English (official), Zulu, Xhosa Sesotho (southern Sotho), English (official), Zulu, Xhosa
Liberia Liberia English 20% (official), some 20 ethnic group languages, of which a few can be written and are used w correspondence English 20% (official), some 20 ethnic group languages, of which a few can be written and are used w correspondence
Libia Libia Arabic, Italian, English, all are widely understood w the major cities Arabic, Italian, English, all are widely understood w the major cities
Liechtenstein Liechtenstein German (official), Alemannic dialect German (official), Alemannic dialect
Litwa Litwa Litwan (official) 82%, Rosjan 8%, Polish 5.6%, other and unspecified 4.4% (2001 census) Litwan (official), Polish, Rosjan
Luksemburg Luksemburg Luksemburgish (national language), German (administrative language), French (administrative language) Luksemburgish (national language), German (administrative language), French (administrative language)
Makau Makau Cantonese 87.9%, Hokkien 4.4%, Mandarin 1.6%, other Chinese dialects 3.1%, other 3% (2001 census) Portuguese, Chinese (Cantonese)
Macedonia Macedonia Macedonian 66.5%, Albanian 25.1%, Turkish 3.5%, Roma 1.9%, Serbian 1.2%, other 1.8% (2002 census) Macedonian 68%, Albanian 25%, Turkish 3%, Serbo-Chorwacjan 2%, other 2%
Madagaskar Madagaskar English (official), French (official), Malagasy (official) French (official), Malagasy (official)
Malawi Malawi Chichewa 57.2% (official), Chinyanja 12.8%, Chiyao 10.1%, Chitumbuka 9.5%, Chisena 2.7%, Chilomwe 2.4%, Chitonga 1.7%, other 3.6% (1998 census) English (official), Chichewa (official), other languages important regionally
Malezja Malezja Bahasa Malezja (official), English, Chinese (Cantonese, Mandarin, Hokkien, Hakka, Hainan, Foochow), Tamil, Telugu, Malayalam, Panjabi, Thai


note: w East Malezja there are several indigenous languages; most widely spoken are Iban and Kadazan		 Bahasa Melayu (official), English, Chinese dialects (Cantonese, Mandarin, Hokkien, Hakka, Hainan, Foochow), Tamil, Telugu, Malayalam, Panjabi, Thai; note - w addition, w East Malezja several indigenous languages are spoken, the largest are Iban and Kadazan
Malediwy Malediwy Maldivian Dhivehi (dialect of Sinhala, script derived from Arabic), English spoken by most government officials Maldivian Dhivehi (dialect of Sinhala, script derived from Arabic), English spoken by most government officials
Mali Mali French (official), Bambara 80%, numerous African languages French (official), Bambara 80%, numerous African languages
Malta Malta Maltese (official), English (official) Maltese (official), English (official)
Wyspy Marshalla Wyspy Marshalla Marshallese (official) 98.2%, other languages 1.8% (1999 census)


note: English (official), widely spoken as a second language		 English (widely spoken as a second language, both English and Marshallese are official languages), two major Marshallese dialects from the Malayo-Polynesian family, Japoniaese
Martynika Martynika - French, Creole patois
Mauretania Mauretania Arabic (official), Pulaar, Soninke, French, Hassaniya, Wolof Arabic (official), Pulaar, Soninke, French, Hassaniya, Wolof
Mauritius Mauritius Creole 80.5%, Bhojpuri 12.1%, French 3.4%, English (official; spoken by less than 1% of the population), other 3.7%, unspecified 0.3% (2000 census) English (official), Creole, French (official), Hindi, Urdu, Hakka, Bhojpuri
Majotta Majotta Mahorian (a Swahili dialect), French (official language) spoken by 35% of the population Mahorian (a Swahili dialect), French (official language) spoken by 35% of the population
Meksyk Meksyk Spanish, various majan, Nahuatl, and other regional indigenous languages Spanish, various majan, Nahuatl, and other regional indigenous languages
Mikronezja, Sfederowane Stany Mikronezji Mikronezja, Sfederowane Stany Mikronezji English (official and common language), Trukese, Pohnpeian, Yapese, Kosrean, Ulithian, Woleaian, Nukuoro, Kapingamarangi English (official and common language), Trukese, Pohnpeian, Yapese, Kosrean, Ulithian, Woleaian, Nukuoro, Kapingamarangi
Moldawia Moldawia Moldawian (official, virtually the same as the Rumunian language), Rosjan, Gagauz (a Turkish dialect) Moldawian (official, virtually the same as the Rumunian language), Rosjan, Gagauz (a Turkish dialect)
Monako Monako French (official), English, Italian, Monegasque French (official), English, Italian, Monegasque
Mongolia Mongolia Khalkha Mongol 90%, Turkic, Rosjan (1999) Khalkha Mongol 90%, Turkic, Rosjan (1999)
Czarnogora Czarnogora Serbian (official; Ijekavian dialect), Bosnian, Albanian, Chorwacjan -
Montserrat Montserrat English English
Maroko Maroko Arabic (official), Berber dialects, French often the language of business, government, and diplomacy Arabic (official), Berber dialects, French often the language of business, government, and diplomacy
Mozambik Mozambik Emakhuwa 26.1%, Xichangana 11.3%, Portuguese 8.8% (official; spoken by 27% of population as a second language), Elomwe 7.6%, Cisena 6.8%, Echuwabo 5.8%, other Mozambican languages 32%, other foreign languages 0.3%, unspecified 1.3% (1997 census) Makhuwa, Tsonga, Lomwe, Sena, numerous other indigenous languages, Portuguese (official; spoken by 27% of population as a second language)
Namibia Namibia English 7% (official), Afrikaans common language of most of the population and about 60% of the white population, German 32%, indigenous languages 1% (includes Oshivambo, Herero, Nama) English 7% (official), Afrikaans common language of most of the population and about 60% of the white population, German 32%, indigenous languages: Oshivambo, Herero, Nama
Nauru Nauru Nauruan (official; a distinct Pacific Island language), English widely understood, spoken, and used dla most government and commercial purposes Nauruan (official, a distinct Pacific Island language), English widely understood, spoken, and used dla most government and commercial purposes
Nepal Nepal Nepali 47.8%, Maithali 12.1%, Bhojpuri 7.4%, Tharu (Dagaura/Rana) 5.8%, Tamang 5.1%, Newar 3.6%, Magar 3.3%, Awadhi 2.4%, other 10%, unspecified 2.5% (2001 census)


note: many w government and business also speak English (2001 est.)		 Nepali (official; spoken by 90% of the population), about a dozen other languages and about 30 major dialects; note - many w government and business also speak English (1995)
Holandia Holandia Dutch (official), Frisian (official) Dutch (official language), Frisian (official language)
Antyle Holenderskie Antyle Holenderskie Papiamento 65.4% (a Spanish-Portuguese-Dutch-English dialect), English 15.9% (widely spoken), Dutch 7.3% (official), Spanish 6.1%, Creole 1.6%, other 1.9%, unspecified 1.8% (2001 census) Dutch (official), Papiamento (a Spanish-Portuguese-Dutch-English dialect) predominates, English widely spoken, Spanish
Nowa Kaledonia Nowa Kaledonia French (official), 33 Melanesian-Polynesian dialects French (official), 33 Melanesian-Polynesian dialects
Nowa Zelandia Nowa Zelandia English (official), Maori (official), Sign Language (official) English (official), Maori (official)
Nikaragua Nikaragua Spanish 97.5% (official), Miskito 1.7%, other 0.8% (1995 census)


note: English and indigenous languages on Atlantic coast		 Spanish (official)


note: English and indigenous languages on Atlantic coast
Niger Niger French (official), Hausa, Djerma French (official), Hausa, Djerma
Nigeria Nigeria English (official), Hausa, Yoruba, Igbo (Ibo), Fulani English (official), Hausa, Yoruba, Igbo (Ibo), Fulani
Niue Niue Niuean, a Polynesian language closely related to Tongan and Samoan; English Niuean, a Polynesian language closely related to Tongan and Samoan; English
Wyspa Norfolk Wyspa Norfolk English (official), Norfolk - a mixture of 18th century English and ancient Tahitian English (official), Norfolk a mixture of 18th century English and ancient Tahitian
Mariany Polnocne Mariany Polnocne Philippine languages 24.4%, Chinese 23.4%, Chamorro 22.4%, English 10.8%, other Pacific island languages 9.5%, other 9.6% (2000 census) English, Chamorro, Carolinian


note: 86% of population speaks a language other than English at home
Norwegia Norwegia Bokmal Norwegian (official), Nynorsk Norwegian (official), small Sami- and Finnish-speaking minorities; note - Sami is official w six municipalities Bokmal Norwegian (official), Nynorsk Norwegian (official)


note: small Sami- and Finnish-speaking minorities
Oman Oman Arabic (official), English, Baluchi, Urdu, Indien dialects Arabic (official), English, Baluchi, Urdu, Indien dialects
Pakistan Pakistan Punjabi 48%, Sindhi 12%, Siraiki (a Punjabi variant) 10%, Pashtu 8%, Urdu (official) 8%, Balochi 3%, Hindko 2%, Brahui 1%, English (official; lingua franca of Pakistani elite and most government ministries), Burushaski and other 8% Punjabi 48%, Sindhi 12%, Siraiki (a Punjabi variant) 10%, Pashtu 8%, Urdu (official) 8%, Balochi 3%, Hindko 2%, Brahui 1%, English (official and lingua franca of Pakistani elite and most government ministries), Burushaski, and other 8%
Palau Palau Palauan 64.7% official w all islands except Sonsoral (Sonsoralese and English are official), Tobi (Tobi and English are official), and Angaur (Angaur, Japoniaese, and English are official), Filipino 13.5%, English 9.4%, Chinese 5.7%, Carolinian 1.5%, Japoniaese 1.5%, other Asian 2.3%, other languages 1.5% (2000 census) English and Palauan official w all states except Sonsoral (Sonsoralese and English are official), Tobi (Tobi and English are official), and Angaur (Angaur, Japoniaese, and English are official)
Panama Panama Spanish (official), English 14%; note - many Panamanians bilingual Spanish (official), English 14%


note: many Panamanians bilingual
Papua-Nowa Gwinea Papua-Nowa Gwinea Melanesian Pidgin serves as the lingua franca, English spoken by 1%-2%, Motu spoken w Papua region


note: 820 indigenous languages spoken (over one-tenth of the world's total)		 Melanesian Pidgin serves as the lingua franca, English spoken by 1%-2%, Motu spoken w Papua region


note: 715 indigenous languages -- many unrelated
Paragwaj Paragwaj Spanish (official), Guarani (official) Spanish (official), Guarani (official)
Peru Peru Spanish (official), Quechua (official), Aymara, and a large number of minor Amazonian languages Spanish (official), Quechua (official), Aymara, and a large number of minor Amazonian languages
Filipiny Filipiny Filipino (official; based on Tagalog) and English (official); eight major dialects - Tagalog, Cebuano, Ilocano, Hiligaynon or Ilonggo, Bicol, Waray, Pampango, and Pangasinan two official languages - Filipino (based on Tagalog) and English; eight major dialects - Tagalog, Cebuano, Ilocan, Hiligaynon or Ilonggo, Bicol, Waray, Pampango, and Pangasinense
Pitcairn Pitcairn English (official), Pitkern (mixture of an 18th century English dialect and a Tahitian dialect) English (official), Pitcairnese (mixture of an 18th century English dialect and a Tahitian dialect)
Polska Polska Polish 97.8%, other and unspecified 2.2% (2002 census) Polish
Portugalia Portugalia Portuguese (official), Mirandese (official - but locally used) Portuguese (official), Mirandese (official - but locally used)
Portoryko Portoryko Spanish, English Spanish, English
Katar Katar Arabic (official), English commonly used as a second language Arabic (official), English commonly used as a second language
Reunion Reunion - French (official), Creole widely used
Rumunia Rumunia Rumunian 91% (official), Hungarian 6.7%, Romany (Gypsy) 1.1%, other 1.2% Rumunian (official), Hungarian, German
Rosja Rosja Rosjan, many minority languages Rosjan, other
Ruanda Ruanda Kinyarwanda (official) universal Bantu vernacular, French (official), English (official), Kiswahili (Swahili) used w commercial centers Kinyarwanda (official) universal Bantu vernacular, French (official), English (official), Kiswahili (Swahili) used w commercial centers
Saint-Barthelemy Saint-Barthelemy French (primary), English -
Swieta Helena Swieta Helena English English
Saint Kitts i Nevis Saint Kitts i Nevis English English
Saint Lucia Saint Lucia English (official), French patois English (official), French patois
Saint Martin Saint Martin French (official language), English, Dutch, French Patois, Spanish, Papiamento (dialect of Antyle Holenderskie) -
Saint-Pierre i Miquelon Saint-Pierre i Miquelon French (official) French (official)
Saint Vincent i Grenadyny Saint Vincent i Grenadyny English, French patois English, French patois
Samoa Samoa Samoan (Polynesian), English Samoan (Polynesian), English
San Marino San Marino Italian Italian
Wyspy Swietego Tomasza i Ksiazeca Wyspy Swietego Tomasza i Ksiazeca Portuguese (official) Portuguese (official)
Arabia Saudyjska Arabia Saudyjska Arabic Arabic
Senegal Senegal French (official), Wolof, Pulaar, Jola, Mandinka French (official), Wolof, Pulaar, Jola, Mandinka
Serbia Serbia Serbian 88.3% (official), Hungarian 3.8%, Bosniak 1.8%, Romany (Gypsy) 1.1%, other 4.1%, unknown 0.9% (2002 census)


note: Rumunian, Hungarian, Slovak, Ukrainian, and Chorwacjan all official w Vojvodina		 -
Federalna Republika Jugoslawii Federalna Republika Jugoslawii - Serbian 95%, Albanian 5%
Seszele Seszele Creole 91.8%, English 4.9% (official), other 3.1%, unspecified 0.2% (2002 census) English (official), French (official), Creole
Sierra Leone Sierra Leone English (official, regular use limited to literate minority), Mende (principal vernacular w the south), Temne (principal vernacular w the north), Krio (English-based Creole, spoken by the descendants of freed Jamajkan slaves who were settled w the Freetown area, a lingua franca and a first language dla 10% of the population but understood by 95%) English (official, regular use limited to literate minority), Mende (principal vernacular w the south), Temne (principal vernacular w the north), Krio (English-based Creole, spoken by the descendants of freed Jamajkan slaves who were settled w the Freetown area, a lingua franca and a first language dla 10% of the population but understood by 95%)
Singapur Singapur Mandarin 35%, English 23%, Malay 14.1%, Hokkien 11.4%, Cantonese 5.7%, Teochew 4.9%, Tamil 3.2%, other Chinese dialects 1.8%, other 0.9% (2000 census) Chinese (official), Malay (official and national), Tamil (official), English (official)
Slowacja Slowacja Slovak (official) 83.9%, Hungarian 10.7%, Roma 1.8%, Ukrainian 1%, other or unspecified 2.6% (2001 census) Slovak (official), Hungarian
Slowenia Slowenia Slowenian 91.1%, Serbo-Chorwacjan 4.5%, other or unspecified 4.4% (2002 census) Slowenian 92%, Serbo-Chorwacjan 6.2%, other 1.8%
Wyspy Salomona Wyspy Salomona Melanesian pidgin w much of the country is lingua franca; English (official; but spoken by only 1%-2% of the population); 120 indigenous languages Melanesian pidgin w much of the country is lingua franca; English is official but spoken by only 1%-2% of the population


note: 120 indigenous languages
Somalia Somalia Somali (official), Arabic, Italian, English Somali (official), Arabic, Italian, English
Republika Poludniowej Afryki Republika Poludniowej Afryki IsiZulu 23.8%, IsiXhosa 17.6%, Afrikaans 13.3%, Sepedi 9.4%, English 8.2%, Setswana 8.2%, Sesotho 7.9%, Xitsonga 4.4%, other 7.2% (2001 census) 11 official languages, including Afrikaans, English, Ndebele, Pedi, Sotho, Swazi, Tsonga, Tswana, Venda, Xhosa, Zulu
Hiszpania Hiszpania Castilian Spanish (official) 74%, Catalan 17%, Galician 7%, Basque 2%, are official regionally Castilian Spanish 74%, Catalan 17%, Galician 7%, Basque 2%


note: Castilian is the official language nationwide; the other languages are official regionally
Sri Lanka Sri Lanka Sinhala (official and national language) 74%, Tamil (national language) 18%, other 8%


note: English is commonly used w government and is spoken competently by about 10% of the population		 Sinhala (official and national language) 74%, Tamil (national language) 18%, other 8%


note: English is commonly used w government and is spoken competently by about 10% of the population
Sudan Sudan Arabic (official), Nubian, Ta Bedawie, diverse dialects of Nilotic, Nilo-Hamitic, Sudanic languages, English


note: program of "Arabization" w process		 Arabic (official), Nubian, Ta Bedawie, diverse dialects of Nilotic, Nilo-Hamitic, Sudanic languages, English


note: program of "Arabization" w process
Surinam Surinam Dutch (official), English (widely spoken), Sranang Tongo (Surinamse, sometimes called Taki-Taki, is native language of Creoles and much of the younger population and is lingua franca among others), Caribbean Hindustani (a dialect of Hindi), Javanese Dutch (official), English (widely spoken), Sranang Tongo (Surinamse, sometimes called Taki-Taki, is native language of Creoles and much of the younger population and is lingua franca among others), Hindustani (a dialect of Hindi), Javanese
Svalbard Svalbard Norwegian, Rosjan Norwegian, Rosjan
Suazi Suazi English (official, government business conducted w English), siSwati (official) English (official, government business conducted w English), siSwati (official)
Szwecja Szwecja Swedish, small Sami- and Finnish-speaking minorities Swedish


note: small Sami- and Finnish-speaking minorities
Szwajcaria Szwajcaria German (official) 63.7%, French (official) 20.4%, Italian (official) 6.5%, Serbo-Chorwacjan 1.5%, Albanian 1.3%, Portuguese 1.2%, Spanish 1.1%, English 1%, Romansch (official) 0.5%, other 2.8% (2000 census)


note: German, French, Italian, and Romansch are all national and official languages		 German (official) 63.7%, French (official) 19.2%, Italian (official) 7.6%, Romansch (official) 0.6%, other 8.9%
Syria Syria Arabic (official); Kurdish, Armenian, Aramaic, Circassian widely understood; French, English somewhat understood Arabic (official); Kurdish, Armenian, Aramaic, Circassian widely understood; French, English somewhat understood
Tajwan Tajwan Mandarin Chinese (official), Tajwanese (Min), Hakka dialects Mandarin Chinese (official), Tajwanese (Min), Hakka dialects
Tadzykistan Tadzykistan Tajik (official), Rosjan widely used w government and business Tajik (official), Rosjan widely used w government and business
Tanzania Tanzania Kiswahili or Swahili (official), Kiunguja (name dla Swahili w Zanzibar), English (official, primary language of commerce, administration, and higher education), Arabic (widely spoken w Zanzibar), many local languages


note: Kiswahili (Swahili) is the mother tongue of the Bantu people living w Zanzibar and nearby coastal Tanzania; although Kiswahili is Bantu w structure and origin, its vocabulary draws on a variety of sources including Arabic and English; it has become the lingua franca of central and eastern Africa; the first language of most people is one of the local languages		 Kiswahili or Swahili (official), Kiunguju (name dla Swahili w Zanzibar), English (official, primary language of commerce, administration, and higher education), Arabic (widely spoken w Zanzibar), many local languages


note: Kiswahili (Swahili) is the mother tongue of the Bantu people living w Zanzibar and nearby coastal Tanzania; although Kiswahili is Bantu w structure and origin, its vocabulary draws on a variety of sources, including Arabic and English, and it has become the lingua franca of central and eastern Africa; the first language of most people is one of the local languages
Tajlandia Tajlandia Thai, English (secondary language of the elite), ethnic and regional dialects Thai, English (secondary language of the elite), ethnic and regional dialects
Timor Wschodni Timor Wschodni Tetum (official), Portuguese (official), Indonezjan, English


note: there are about 16 indigenous languages; Tetum, Galole, Mambae, and Kemak are spoken by significant numbers of people		 -
Togo Togo French (official and the language of commerce), Ewe and Mina (the two major African languages w the south), Kabye (sometimes spelled Kabiye) and Dagomba (the two major African languages w the north) French (official and the language of commerce), Ewe and Mina (the two major African languages w the south), Kabye (sometimes spelled Kabiye) and Dagomba (the two major African languages w the north)
Tokelau Tokelau Tokelauan (a Polynesian language), English Tokelauan (a Polynesian language), English
Tonga Tonga Tongan, English Tongan, English
Trynidad i Tobago Trynidad i Tobago English (official), Caribbean Hindustani (a dialect of Hindi), French, Spanish, Chinese English (official), Hindi, French, Spanish, Chinese
Tunezja Tunezja Arabic (official and one of the languages of commerce), French (commerce) Arabic (official and one of the languages of commerce), French (commerce)
Turcja Turcja Turkish (official), Kurdish, Dimli (or Zaza), Azeri, Kabardian


note: there is also a substantial Gagauz population w the European part of Turcja		 Turkish (official), Kurdish, Arabic, Armenian, Greek
Turkmenistan Turkmenistan Turkmen 72%, Rosjan 12%, Uzbek 9%, other 7% Turkmen 72%, Rosjan 12%, Uzbek 9%, other 7%
Turks i Caicos Turks i Caicos English (official) English (official)
Tuvalu Tuvalu Tuvaluan, English, Samoan, Kiribati (on the island of Nui) Tuvaluan, English, Samoan, Kiribati (on the island of Nui)
Uganda Uganda English (official national language, taught w grade schools, used w courts of law and by most newspapers and some radio broadcasts), Ganda or Luganda (most widely used of the Niger-Congo languages, preferred dla native language publications w the capital and may be taught w school), other Niger-Congo languages, Nilo-Saharan languages, Swahili, Arabic English (official national language, taught w grade schools, used w courts of law and by most newspapers and some radio broadcasts), Ganda or Luganda (most widely used of the Niger-Congo languages, preferred dla native language publications w the capital and may be taught w school), other Niger-Congo languages, Nilo-Saharan languages, Swahili, Arabic
Ukraina Ukraina Ukrainian (official) 67%, Rosjan 24%, other 9% (includes small Rumunian-, Polish-, and Hungarian-speaking minorities) Ukrainian, Rosjan, Rumunian, Polish, Hungarian
Zjednoczone Emiraty Arabskie Zjednoczone Emiraty Arabskie Arabic (official), Persian, English, Hindi, Urdu Arabic (official), Persian, English, Hindi, Urdu
Wielka Brytania Wielka Brytania English, Welsh (about 26% of the population of Wales), Scottish form of Gaelic (about 60,000 w Scotland) English, Welsh (about 26% of the population of Wales), Scottish form of Gaelic (about 60,000 w Scotland)
Stany Zjednoczone Stany Zjednoczone English 82.1%, Spanish 10.7%, other Indo-European 3.8%, Asian and Pacific island 2.7%, other 0.7% (2000 census)


note: Hawaiian is an official language w the state of Hawaii		 English, Spanish (spoken by a sizable minority)
Urugwaj Urugwaj Spanish, Portunol, or Brazyliaero (Portuguese-Spanish mix on the Brazyliaian frontier) Spanish, Portunol, or Brazyliaero (Portuguese-Spanish mix on the Brazyliaian frontier)
Uzbekistan Uzbekistan Uzbek 74.3%, Rosjan 14.2%, Tajik 4.4%, other 7.1% Uzbek 74.3%, Rosjan 14.2%, Tajik 4.4%, other 7.1%
Vanuatu Vanuatu local languages (more than 100) 72.6%, pidgin (known as Bislama or Bichelama) 23.1%, English 1.9%, French 1.4%, other 0.3%, unspecified 0.7% (1999 Census) three official languages: English, French, pidgin (known as Bislama or Bichelama), plus more than 100 local languages
Wenezuela Wenezuela Spanish (official), numerous indigenous dialects Spanish (official), numerous indigenous dialects
Wietnam Wietnam Wietnamese (official), English (increasingly favored as a second language), some French, Chinese, and Khmer; mountain area languages (Mon-Khmer and Malayo-Polynesian) Wietnamese (official), English (increasingly favored as a second language), some French, Chinese, and Khmer; mountain area languages (Mon-Khmer and Malayo-Polynesian)
Wyspy Dziewicze Wyspy Dziewicze English 74.7%, Spanish or Spanish Creole 16.8%, French or French Creole 6.6%, other 1.9% (2000 census) English (official), Spanish, Creole
Wallis i Futuna Wallis i Futuna Wallisian 58.9% (indigenous Polynesian language), Futunian 30.1%, French 10.8%, other 0.2% (2003 census) French, Wallisian (indigenous Polynesian language)
Zachodni Brzeg Zachodni Brzeg Arabic, Hebrew (spoken by Izraeli settlers and many Palestinians), English (widely understood) Arabic, Hebrew (spoken by Izraeli settlers and many Palestinians), English (widely understood)
Sahara Zachodnia Sahara Zachodnia Hassaniya Arabic, Moroccan Arabic Hassaniya Arabic, Moroccan Arabic
Swiat Swiat Mandarin Chinese 13.22%, Spanish 4.88%, English 4.68%, Arabic 3.12%, Hindi 2.74%, Portuguese 2.69%, Bengali 2.59%, Rosjan 2.2%, Japoniaese 1.85%, Standard German 1.44%, Wu Chinese 1.17% (2005 est.)


note: percents are dla "first language" speakers only		 Chinese, Mandarin 14.37%, Hindi 6.02%, English 5.61%, Spanish 5.59%, Bengali 3.4%, Portuguese 2.63%, Rosjan 2.75%, Japoniaese 2.06%, German, Standard 1.64%, Korean 1.28%, French 1.27% (2000 est.)


note: percents are dla "first language" speakers only
Jemen Jemen Arabic Arabic
Zambia Zambia English (official), major vernaculars - Bemba, Kaonda, Lozi, Lunda, Luvale, Nyanja, Tonga, and about 70 other indigenous languages English (official), major vernaculars - Bemba, Kaonda, Lozi, Lunda, Luvale, Nyanja, Tonga, and about 70 other indigenous languages
Zimbabwe Zimbabwe English (official), Shona, Sindebele (the language of the Ndebele, sometimes called Ndebele), numerous but minor tribal dialects English (official), Shona, Sindebele (the language of the Ndebele, sometimes called Ndebele), numerous but minor tribal dialects
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