Porownanie Jezyki (2008) - Jezyki (2001)
Porownanie Jezyki (2008) z Jezyki (2001)
Pokaz tylko zmiany
Pokaz tylko zmiany
| Jezyki (2008) | Jezyki (2001) | ||
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Afganistan | Afghan Persian or Dari (official) 50%, Pashto (official) 35%, Turkic languages (primarily Uzbek and Turkmen) 11%, 30 minor languages (primarily Balochi and Pashai) 4%, much bilingualism | Pashtu 35%, Afghan Persian (Dari) 50%, Turkic languages (primarily Uzbek and Turkmen) 11%, 30 minor languages (primarily Balochi and Pashai) 4%, much bilingualism |
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Akrotiri | English, Greek | - |
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Albania | Albanian (official - derived from Tosk dialect), Greek, Vlach, Romani, Slavic dialects | Albanian (Tosk is the official dialect), Greek |
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Algieria | Arabic (official), French, Berber dialects | Arabic (official), French, Berber dialects |
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Samoa Amerykanskie | Samoan 90.6% (closely related to Hawaiian and other Polynesian languages), English 2.9%, Tongan 2.4%, other Pacific islander 2.1%, other 2%
note: most people are bilingual (2000 census) |
Samoan (closely related to Hawaiian and other Polynesian languages), English
note: most people are bilingual |
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Andora | Catalan (official), French, Castilian, Portuguese | Catalan (official), French, Castilian |
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Angola | Portuguese (official), Bantu and other African languages | Portuguese (official), Bantu and other African languages |
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Anguilla | English (official) | English (official) |
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Antigua i Barbuda | English (official), local dialects | English (official), local dialects |
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Argentyna | Spanish (official), English, Italian, German, French | Spanish (official), English, Italian, German, French |
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Armenia | Armenian 97.7%, Yezidi 1%, Rosjan 0.9%, other 0.4% (2001 census) | Armenian 96%, Rosjan 2%, other 2% |
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Aruba | Papiamento (a Spanish-Portuguese-Dutch-English dialect) 66.3%, Spanish 12.6%, English (widely spoken) 7.7%, Dutch (official) 5.8%, other 2.2%, unspecified or unknown 5.3% (2000 census) | Dutch (official), Papiamento (a Spanish, Portuguese, Dutch, English dialect), English (widely spoken), Spanish |
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Australia | English 79.1%, Chinese 2.1%, Italian 1.9%, other 11.1%, unspecified 5.8% (2001 Census) | English, native languages |
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Austria | German (official nationwide) 88.6%, Turkish 2.3%, Serbian 2.2%, Chorwacjan (official w Burgenland) 1.6%, other (includes Slovene,official w Carinthia, and Hungarian, official w Burgenland) 5.3% (2001 census) | German |
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Azerbejdzan | Azerbejdzani (Azeri) 90.3%, Lezgi 2.2%, Rosjan 1.8%, Armenian 1.5%, other 3.3%, unspecified 1% (1999 census) | Azerbejdzani (Azeri) 89%, Rosjan 3%, Armenian 2%, other 6% (1995 est.) |
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Bahamy | English (official), Creole (among Haitian immigrants) | English, Creole (among Haitian immigrants) |
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Bahrajn | Arabic, English, Farsi, Urdu | Arabic, English, Farsi, Urdu |
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Bangladesz | Bangla (official, also known as Bengali), English | Bangla (official, also known as Bengali), English |
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Barbados | English | English |
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Bialorus | Bialorusian, Rosjan, other | Byelorussian, Rosjan, other |
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Belgia | Dutch (official) 60%, French (official) 40%, German (official) less than 1%, legally bilingual (Dutch and French) | Dutch 58%, French 32%, German 10%, legally bilingual (Dutch and French) |
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Belize | Spanish 46%, Creole 32.9%, majan dialects 8.9%, English 3.9% (official), Garifuna 3.4% (Carib), German 3.3%, other 1.4%, unknown 0.2% (2000 census) | English (official), Spanish, majan, Garifuna (Carib), Creole |
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Benin | French (official), Fon and Yoruba (most common vernaculars w south), tribal languages (at least six major ones w north) | French (official), Fon and Yoruba (most common vernaculars w south), tribal languages (at least six major ones w north) |
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Bermudy | English (official), Portuguese | English (official), Portuguese |
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Bhutan | Dzongkha (official), Bhotes speak various Tibetan dialects, Nepalese speak various Nepalese dialects | Dzongkha (official), Bhotes speak various Tibetan dialects, Nepalese speak various Nepalese dialects |
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Boliwia | Spanish (official), Quechua (official), Aymara (official) | Spanish (official), Quechua (official), Aymara (official) |
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Bosnia i Hercegowina | Bosnian, Chorwacjan, Serbian | Chorwacjan, Serbian, Bosnian |
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Botswana | Setswana 78.2%, Kalanga 7.9%, Sekgalagadi 2.8%, English 2.1% (official), other 8.6%, unspecified 0.4% (2001 census) | English (official), Setswana |
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Brazylia | Portuguese (official), Spanish, English, French | Portuguese (official), Spanish, English, French |
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Brytyjskie Wyspy Dziewicze | English (official) | English (official) |
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Brunei | Malay (official), English, Chinese | Malay (official), English, Chinese |
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Bulgaria | Bulgarian 84.5%, Turkish 9.6%, Roma 4.1%, other and unspecified 1.8% (2001 census) | Bulgarian, secondary languages closely correspond to ethnic breakdown |
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Burkina Faso | French (official), native African languages belonging to Sudanic family spoken by 90% of the population | French (official), native African languages belonging to Sudanic family spoken by 90% of the population |
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Birma | Burmese, minority ethnic groups have their own languages | Burmese, minority ethnic groups have their own languages |
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Burundi | Kirundi (official), French (official), Swahili (along Lake Tanganyika and w the Bujumbura area) | Kirundi (official), French (official), Swahili (along Lake Tanganyika and w the Bujumbura area) |
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Kambodza | Khmer (official) 95%, French, English | Khmer (official) 95%, French, English |
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Kamerun | 24 major African language groups, English (official), French (official) | 24 major African language groups, English (official), French (official) |
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Kanada | English (official) 59.3%, French (official) 23.2%, other 17.5% | English 59.3% (official), French 23.2% (official), other 17.5% |
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Republika Zielonego Przyladka | Portuguese, Crioulo (a blend of Portuguese and West African words) | Portuguese, Crioulo (a blend of Portuguese and West African words) |
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Kajmany | English | English |
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Cesarstwo Srodkowoafrykanskie | French (official), Sangho (lingua franca and national language), tribal languages | French (official), Sangho (lingua franca and national language), Arabic, Hunsa, Swahili |
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Czad | French (official), Arabic (official), Sara (in south), more than 120 different languages and dialects | French (official), Arabic (official), Sara and Sango (in south), more than 100 different languages and dialects |
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Chile | Spanish | Spanish |
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Chiny | Standard Chinese or Mandarin (Putonghua, based on the Beijing dialect), Yue (Cantonese), Wu (Shanghainese), Minbei (Fuzhou), Minnan (Hokkien-Tajwanese), Xiang, Gan, Hakka dialects, minority languages (see Grupy etniczne entry) | Standard Chinese or Mandarin (Putonghua, based on the Beijing dialect), Yue (Cantonese), Wu (Shanghaiese), Minbei (Fuzhou), Minnan (Hokkien-Tajwanese), Xiang, Gan, Hakka dialects, minority languages (see Grupy etniczne entry) |
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Wyspa Bozego Narodzenia | English (official), Chinese, Malay | English, Chinese, Malay |
 Islands-2007-bmala.jpg) |
Wyspy Kokosowe | Malay (Cocos dialect), English | English, Malay |
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Kolumbia | Spanish | Spanish |
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Komory | Arabic (official), French (official), Shikomoro (a blend of Swahili and Arabic) | Arabic (official), French (official), Comoran (a blend of Swahili and Arabic) |
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Kongo, Republika Demokratyczna | French (official), Lingala (a lingua franca trade language), Kingwana (a dialect of Kiswahili or Swahili), Kikongo, Tshiluba | French (official), Lingala (a lingua franca trade language), Kingwana (a dialect of Kiswahili or Swahili), Kikongo, Tshiluba |
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Kongo, Republika | French (official), Lingala and Monokutuba (lingua franca trade languages), many local languages and dialects (of which Kikongo is the most widespread) | French (official), Lingala and Monokutuba (lingua franca trade languages), many local languages and dialects (of which Kikongo has the most users) |
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Wyspy Cooka | English (official), Maori | English (official), Maori |
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Kostaryka | Spanish (official), English | Spanish (official), English spoken around Puerto Limon |
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Cote d'Ivoire | French (official), 60 native dialects z Dioula the most widely spoken | French (official), 60 native dialects z Dioula the most widely spoken |
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Chorwacja | Chorwacjan 96.1%, Serbian 1%, other and undesignated 2.9% (including Italian, Hungarian, Czech, Slovak, and German) (2001 census) | Chorwacjan 96%, other 4% (including Italian, Hungarian, Czech, Slovak, and German) |
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Kuba | Spanish | Spanish |
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Cypr | Greek, Turkish, English | Greek, Turkish, English |
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Czechy | Czech 94.9%, Slovak 2%, other 2.3%, unidentified 0.8% (2001 census) | Czech |
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Dania | Danish, Faroese, Grenlandiaic (an Inuit dialect), German (small minority)
note: English is the predominant second language |
Danish, Faroese, Grenlandiaic (an Inuit dialect), German (small minority)
note: English is the predominant second language |
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Dhekelia | English, Greek | - |
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Dzibuti | French (official), Arabic (official), Somali, Afar | French (official), Arabic (official), Somali, Afar |
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Dominika | English (official), French patois | English (official), French patois |
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Republika Dominikanska | Spanish | Spanish |
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Ekwador | Spanish (official), Amerindian languages (especially Quechua) | Spanish (official), Amerindian languages (especially Quechua) |
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Egipt | Arabic (official), English and French widely understood by educated classes | Arabic (official), English and French widely understood by educated classes |
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Salwador | Spanish, Nahua (among some Amerindians) | Spanish, Nahua (among some Amerindians) |
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Gwinea Równikowa | Spanish 67.6% (official), other 32.4% (includes French (official), Fang, Bubi) (1994 census) | Spanish (official), French (official), pidgin English, Fang, Bubi, Ibo |
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Erytrea | Afar, Arabic, Tigre and Kunama, Tigrinya, other Cushitic languages | Afar, Amharic, Arabic, Tigre and Kunama, Tigrinya, other Cushitic languages |
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Estonia | Estonian (official) 67.3%, Rosjan 29.7%, other 2.3%, unknown 0.7% (2000 census) | Estonian (official), Rosjan, Ukrainian, English, Finnish, other |
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Etiopia | Amarigna 32.7%, Oromigna 31.6%, Tigrigna 6.1%, Somaligna 6%, Guaragigna 3.5%, Sidamigna 3.5%, Hadiyigna 1.7%, other 14.8%, English (major foreign language taught w schools) (1994 census) | Amharic, Tigrinya, Oromigna, Guaragigna, Somali, Arabic, other local languages, English (major foreign language taught w schools) |
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Unia Europejska | Bulgarian, Czech, Danish, Dutch, English, Estonian, Finnish, French, Gaelic, German, Greek, Hungarian, Italian, Lotwan, Litwan, Maltese, Polish, Portuguese, Rumunian, Slovak, Slovene, Spanish, Swedish
note: only official languages are listed; German, the major language of Niemcy, Austria, and Szwajcaria, is the most widely spoken mother tongue - over 19% of the EU population; English is the most widely spoken language - about 49% of the EU population is conversant z it (2007) |
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Falklandy | English | English |
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Wyspy Owcze | Faroese (derived from Old Norse), Danish | Faroese (derived from Old Norse), Danish |
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Fidzi | English (official), Fidzian (official), Hindustani | English (official), Fidzian, Hindustani |
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Finlandia | Finnish 92% (official), Swedish 5.6% (official), other 2.4% (small Sami- and Rosjan-speaking minorities) (2003) | Finnish 93.4% (official), Swedish 5.9% (official), small Lapp- and Rosjan-speaking minorities |
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Francja | French 100%, rapidly declining regional dialects and languages (Provencal, Breton, Alsatian, Corsican, Catalan, Basque, Flemish)
overseas departments: French, Creole patois |
French 100%, rapidly declining regional dialects and languages (Provencal, Breton, Alsatian, Corsican, Catalan, Basque, Flemish) |
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Gujana Francuska | - | French |
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Polinezja Francuska | French 61.1% (official), Polynesian 31.4% (official), Asian languages 1.2%, other 0.3%, unspecified 6% (2002 census) | French (official), Tahitian (official) |
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Gabon | French (official), Fang, Myene, Nzebi, Bapounou/Eschira, Bandjabi | French (official), Fang, Myene, Bateke, Bapounou/Eschira, Bandjabi |
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Gambia | English (official), Mandinka, Wolof, Fula, other indigenous vernaculars | English (official), Mandinka, Wolof, Fula, other indigenous vernaculars |
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Gaza | Arabic, Hebrew (spoken by many Palestinians), English (widely understood) | Arabic, Hebrew (spoken by Izraeli settlers and many Palestinians), English (widely understood) |
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Georgia | Georgian 71% (official), Rosjan 9%, Armenian 7%, Azeri 6%, other 7%
note: Abkhaz is the official language w Abkhazia |
Georgian 71% (official), Rosjan 9%, Armenian 7%, Azeri 6%, other 7%
note: Abkhaz is the official language w Abkhazia |
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Niemcy | German | German |
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Ghana | Asante 14.8%, Ewe 12.7%, Fante 9.9%, Boron (Brong) 4.6%, Dagomba 4.3%, Dangme 4.3%, Dagarte (Dagaba) 3.7%, Akyem 3.4%, Ga 3.4%, Akuapem 2.9%, other 36.1% (includes English (official)) (2000 census) | English (official), African languages (including Akan, Moshi-Dagomba, Ewe, and Ga) |
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Gibraltar | English (used w schools and dla official purposes), Spanish, Italian, Portuguese | English (used w schools and dla official purposes), Spanish, Italian, Portuguese, Rosjan |
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Grecja | Greek 99% (official), other 1% (includes English and French) | Greek 99% (official), English, French |
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Grenlandia | Grenlandiaic (East Inuit), Danish, English | Grenlandiaic (East Inuit), Danish, English |
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Grenada | English (official), French patois | English (official), French patois |
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Gwadelupa | - | French (official) 99%, Creole patois |
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Guam | English 38.3%, Chamorro 22.2%, Philippine languages 22.2%, other Pacific island languages 6.8%, Asian languages 7%, other languages 3.5% (2000 census) | English, Chamorro, Japoniaese |
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Gwatemala | Spanish 60%, Amerindian languages 40% (23 officially recognized Amerindian languages, including Quiche, Cakchiquel, Kekchi, Mam, Garifuna, and Xinca) | Spanish 60%, Amerindian languages 40% (more than 20 Amerindian languages, including Quiche, Cakchiquel, Kekchi, Mam, Garifuna, and Xinca) |
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Guernsey | English, French, Norman-French dialect spoken w country districts | English, French, Norman-French dialect spoken w country districts |
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Gwinea | French (official); note - each ethnic group has its own language | French (official), each ethnic group has its own language |
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Gwinea Bissau | Portuguese (official), Crioulo, African languages | Portuguese (official), Crioulo, African languages |
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Gujana | English, Amerindian dialects, Creole, Caribbean Hindustani (a dialect of Hindi), Urdu | English, Amerindian dialects, Creole, Hindi, Urdu |
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Haiti | French (official), Creole (official) | French (official), Creole (official) |
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Watykan | Italian, Latin, French, various other languages | Italian, Latin, French, various other languages |
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Honduras | Spanish, Amerindian dialects | Spanish, Amerindian dialects |
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Hong Kong | Chinese (Cantonese) 89.2% (official), other Chinese dialects 6.4%, English 3.2% (official), other 1.2% (2001 census) | Chinese (Cantonese), English; both are official |
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Wegry | Hungarian 93.6%, other or unspecified 6.4% (2001 census) | Hungarian 98.2%, other 1.8% |
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Islandia | Islandiaic, English, Nordic languages, German widely spoken | Islandiaic |
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Indie | English enjoys associate status but is the most important language dla national, political, and commercial communication; Hindi is the national language and primary tongue of 30% of the people; there are 21 other official languages: Assamese, Bengali, Bodo, Dogri, Gujarati, Kannada, Kashmiri, Konkani, Maithili, Malayalam, Manipuri, Marathi, Nepali, Oriya, Punjabi, Sanscrit, Santhali, Sindhi, Tamil, Telugu, and Urdu; Hindustani is a popular variant of Hindi/Urdu spoken widely throughout northern Indie but is not an official language | English enjoys associate status but is the most important language dla national, political, and commercial communication, Hindi the national language and primary tongue of 30% of the people, Bengali (official), Telugu (official), Marathi (official), Tamil (official), Urdu (official), Gujarati (official), Malayalam (official), Kannada (official), Oriya (official), Punjabi (official), Assamese (official), Kashmiri (official), Sindhi (official), Sanskrit (official), Hindustani (a popular variant of Hindi/Urdu spoken widely throughout northern Indie)
note: 24 languages each spoken by a million or more persons; numerous other languages and dialects, dla the most part mutually unintelligible |
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Indonezja | Bahasa Indonezja (official, modified form of Malay), English, Dutch, local dialects (the most widely spoken of which is Javanese) | Bahasa Indonezja (official, modified form of Malay), English, Dutch, local dialects, the most widely spoken of which is Javanese |
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Iran | Persian and Persian dialects 58%, Turkic and Turkic dialects 26%, Kurdish 9%, Luri 2%, Balochi 1%, Arabic 1%, Turkish 1%, other 2% | Persian and Persian dialects 58%, Turkic and Turkic dialects 26%, Kurdish 9%, Luri 2%, Balochi 1%, Arabic 1%, Turkish 1%, other 2% |
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Irak | Arabic, Kurdish (official w Kurdish regions), Assyrian, Armenian | Arabic, Kurdish (official w Kurdish regions), Assyrian, Armenian |
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Irlandia | English (official) is the language generally used, Irish (Gaelic or Gaeilge) (official) spoken mainly w areas located along the western seaboard | English is the language generally used, Irish (Gaelic) spoken mainly w areas located along the western seaboard |
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Wyspa Man | English, Manx Gaelic | English, Manx Gaelic |
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Izrael | Hebrew (official), Arabic used officially dla Arab minority, English most commonly used foreign language | Hebrew (official), Arabic used officially dla Arab minority, English most commonly used foreign language |
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Wlochy | Italian (official), German (parts of Trentino-Alto Adige region are predominantly German speaking), French (small French-speaking minority w Valle d'Aosta region), Slovene (Slovene-speaking minority w the Trieste-Gorizia area) | Italian (official), German (parts of Trentino-Alto Adige region are predominantly German speaking), French (small French-speaking minority w Valle d'Aosta region), Slovene (Slovene-speaking minority w the Trieste-Gorizia area) |
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Jamajka | English, English patois | English, Creole |
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Japonia | Japoniaese | Japoniaese |
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Jersey | English 94.5% (official), Portuguese 4.6%, other 0.9% (2001 census) | English (official), French (official), Norman-French dialect spoken w country districts |
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Jordania | Arabic (official), English widely understood among upper and middle classes | Arabic (official), English widely understood among upper and middle classes |
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Kazachstan | Kazakh (Qazaq, state language) 64.4%, Rosjan (official, used w everyday business, designated the "language of interethnic communication") 95% (2001 est.) | Kazakh (Qazaq, state language) 40%, Rosjan (official, used w everyday business) 66% |
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Kenia | English (official), Kiswahili (official), numerous indigenous languages | English (official), Kiswahili (official), numerous indigenous languages |
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Kiribati | I-Kiribati, English (official) | English (official), I-Kiribati |
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Polnocna Korea | Korean | Korean |
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Poludniowa Korea | Korean, English widely taught w junior high and high school | Korean, English widely taught w junior high and high school |
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Kosowo | Albanian, Serbian, Bosniak, Turkish | - |
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Kuwejt | Arabic (official), English widely spoken | Arabic (official), English widely spoken |
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Kirgistan | Kyrgyz 64.7% (official), Uzbek 13.6%, Rosjan 12.5% (official), Dungun 1%, other 8.2% (1999 census) | Kirghiz (Kyrgyz) - official language, Rosjan - official language
note: in maj 2000, the Kirgistani legislature made Rosjan an official language, equal w status to Kirghiz |
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Laos | Lao (official), French, English, and various ethnic languages | Lao (official), French, English, and various ethnic languages |
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Lotwa | Lotwan (official) 58.2%, Rosjan 37.5%, Litwan and other 4.3% (2000 census) | Lotwan or Lettish (official), Litwan, Rosjan, other |
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Liban | Arabic (official), French, English, Armenian | Arabic (official), French, English, Armenian |
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Lesotho | Sesotho (southern Sotho), English (official), Zulu, Xhosa | Sesotho (southern Sotho), English (official), Zulu, Xhosa |
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Liberia | English 20% (official), some 20 ethnic group languages, of which a few can be written and are used w correspondence | English 20% (official), some 20 ethnic group languages, of which a few can be written and are used w correspondence |
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Libia | Arabic, Italian, English, all are widely understood w the major cities | Arabic, Italian, English, all are widely understood w the major cities |
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Liechtenstein | German (official), Alemannic dialect | German (official), Alemannic dialect |
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Litwa | Litwan (official) 82%, Rosjan 8%, Polish 5.6%, other and unspecified 4.4% (2001 census) | Litwan (official), Polish, Rosjan |
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Luksemburg | Luksemburgish (national language), German (administrative language), French (administrative language) | Luksemburgish (national language), German (administrative language), French (administrative language) |
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Makau | Cantonese 87.9%, Hokkien 4.4%, Mandarin 1.6%, other Chinese dialects 3.1%, other 3% (2001 census) | Portuguese, Chinese (Cantonese) |
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Macedonia | Macedonian 66.5%, Albanian 25.1%, Turkish 3.5%, Roma 1.9%, Serbian 1.2%, other 1.8% (2002 census) | - |
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Macedonia, czlonek Jugoslawii | - | Macedonian 70%, Albanian 21%, Turkish 3%, Serbo-Chorwacjan 3%, other 3% |
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Madagaskar | English (official), French (official), Malagasy (official) | French (official), Malagasy (official) |
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Malawi | Chichewa 57.2% (official), Chinyanja 12.8%, Chiyao 10.1%, Chitumbuka 9.5%, Chisena 2.7%, Chilomwe 2.4%, Chitonga 1.7%, other 3.6% (1998 census) | English (official), Chichewa (official), other languages important regionally |
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Malezja | Bahasa Malezja (official), English, Chinese (Cantonese, Mandarin, Hokkien, Hakka, Hainan, Foochow), Tamil, Telugu, Malayalam, Panjabi, Thai
note: w East Malezja there are several indigenous languages; most widely spoken are Iban and Kadazan |
Bahasa Melayu (official), English, Chinese dialects (Cantonese, Mandarin, Hokkien, Hakka, Hainan, Foochow), Tamil, Telugu, Malayalam, Panjabi, Thai; note - w addition, w East Malezja several indigenous languages are spoken, the largest of which are Iban and Kadazan |
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Malediwy | Maldivian Dhivehi (dialect of Sinhala, script derived from Arabic), English spoken by most government officials | Maldivian Dhivehi (dialect of Sinhala, script derived from Arabic), English spoken by most government officials |
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Mali | French (official), Bambara 80%, numerous African languages | French (official), Bambara 80%, numerous African languages |
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Malta | Maltese (official), English (official) | Maltese (official), English (official) |
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Wyspy Marshalla | Marshallese (official) 98.2%, other languages 1.8% (1999 census)
note: English (official), widely spoken as a second language |
English (universally spoken and is the official language), two major Marshallese dialects from the Malayo-Polynesian family, Japoniaese |
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Martynika | - | French, Creole patois |
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Mauretania | Arabic (official), Pulaar, Soninke, French, Hassaniya, Wolof | Hasaniya Arabic (official), Pular, Soninke, Wolof (official), French |
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Mauritius | Creole 80.5%, Bhojpuri 12.1%, French 3.4%, English (official; spoken by less than 1% of the population), other 3.7%, unspecified 0.3% (2000 census) | English (official), Creole, French, Hindi, Urdu, Hakka, Bojpoori |
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Majotta | Mahorian (a Swahili dialect), French (official language) spoken by 35% of the population | Mahorian (a Swahili dialect), French (official language) spoken by 35% of the population |
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Meksyk | Spanish, various majan, Nahuatl, and other regional indigenous languages | Spanish, various majan, Nahuatl, and other regional indigenous languages |
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Mikronezja, Sfederowane Stany Mikronezji | English (official and common language), Trukese, Pohnpeian, Yapese, Kosrean, Ulithian, Woleaian, Nukuoro, Kapingamarangi | English (official and common language), Trukese, Pohnpeian, Yapese, Kosrean |
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Moldawia | Moldawian (official, virtually the same as the Rumunian language), Rosjan, Gagauz (a Turkish dialect) | Moldawian (official, virtually the same as the Rumunian language), Rosjan, Gagauz (a Turkish dialect) |
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Monako | French (official), English, Italian, Monegasque | French (official), English, Italian, Monegasque |
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Mongolia | Khalkha Mongol 90%, Turkic, Rosjan (1999) | Khalkha Mongol 90%, Turkic, Rosjan (1999) |
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Czarnogora | Serbian (official; Ijekavian dialect), Bosnian, Albanian, Chorwacjan | - |
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Montserrat | English | English |
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Maroko | Arabic (official), Berber dialects, French often the language of business, government, and diplomacy | Arabic (official), Berber dialects, French often the language of business, government, and diplomacy |
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Mozambik | Emakhuwa 26.1%, Xichangana 11.3%, Portuguese 8.8% (official; spoken by 27% of population as a second language), Elomwe 7.6%, Cisena 6.8%, Echuwabo 5.8%, other Mozambican languages 32%, other foreign languages 0.3%, unspecified 1.3% (1997 census) | Portuguese (official), indigenous dialects |
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Namibia | English 7% (official), Afrikaans common language of most of the population and about 60% of the white population, German 32%, indigenous languages 1% (includes Oshivambo, Herero, Nama) | English 7% (official), Afrikaans common language of most of the population and about 60% of the white population, German 32%, indigenous languages: Oshivambo, Herero, Nama |
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Nauru | Nauruan (official; a distinct Pacific Island language), English widely understood, spoken, and used dla most government and commercial purposes | Nauruan (official, a distinct Pacific Island language), English widely understood, spoken, and used dla most government and commercial purposes |
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Nepal | Nepali 47.8%, Maithali 12.1%, Bhojpuri 7.4%, Tharu (Dagaura/Rana) 5.8%, Tamang 5.1%, Newar 3.6%, Magar 3.3%, Awadhi 2.4%, other 10%, unspecified 2.5% (2001 census)
note: many w government and business also speak English (2001 est.) |
Nepali (official; spoken by 90% of the population), about a dozen other languages and about 30 major dialects; note - many w government and business also speak English (1995) |
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Holandia | Dutch (official), Frisian (official) | Dutch |
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Antyle Holenderskie | Papiamento 65.4% (a Spanish-Portuguese-Dutch-English dialect), English 15.9% (widely spoken), Dutch 7.3% (official), Spanish 6.1%, Creole 1.6%, other 1.9%, unspecified 1.8% (2001 census) | Dutch (official), Papiamento (a Spanish-Portuguese-Dutch-English dialect) predominates, English widely spoken, Spanish |
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Nowa Kaledonia | French (official), 33 Melanesian-Polynesian dialects | French (official), 33 Melanesian-Polynesian dialects |
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Nowa Zelandia | English (official), Maori (official), Sign Language (official) | English (official), Maori |
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Nikaragua | Spanish 97.5% (official), Miskito 1.7%, other 0.8% (1995 census)
note: English and indigenous languages on Atlantic coast |
Spanish (official)
note: English and indigenous languages on Atlantic coast |
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Niger | French (official), Hausa, Djerma | French (official), Hausa, Djerma |
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Nigeria | English (official), Hausa, Yoruba, Igbo (Ibo), Fulani | English (official), Hausa, Yoruba, Igbo (Ibo), Fulani |
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Niue | Niuean, a Polynesian language closely related to Tongan and Samoan; English | Polynesian closely related to Tongan and Samoan, English |
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Wyspa Norfolk | English (official), Norfolk - a mixture of 18th century English and ancient Tahitian | English (official), Norfolk a mixture of 18th century English and ancient Tahitian |
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Mariany Polnocne | Philippine languages 24.4%, Chinese 23.4%, Chamorro 22.4%, English 10.8%, other Pacific island languages 9.5%, other 9.6% (2000 census) | English, Chamorro, Carolinian
note: 86% of population speaks a language other than English at home |
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Norwegia | Bokmal Norwegian (official), Nynorsk Norwegian (official), small Sami- and Finnish-speaking minorities; note - Sami is official w six municipalities | Norwegian (official)
note: small Sami- and Finnish-speaking minorities |
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Oman | Arabic (official), English, Baluchi, Urdu, Indien dialects | Arabic (official), English, Baluchi, Urdu, Indien dialects |
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Pakistan | Punjabi 48%, Sindhi 12%, Siraiki (a Punjabi variant) 10%, Pashtu 8%, Urdu (official) 8%, Balochi 3%, Hindko 2%, Brahui 1%, English (official; lingua franca of Pakistani elite and most government ministries), Burushaski and other 8% | Punjabi 48%, Sindhi 12%, Siraiki (a Punjabi variant) 10%, Pashtu 8%, Urdu (official) 8%, Balochi 3%, Hindko 2%, Brahui 1%, English (official and lingua franca of Pakistani elite and most government ministries), Burushaski, and other 8% |
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Palau | Palauan 64.7% official w all islands except Sonsoral (Sonsoralese and English are official), Tobi (Tobi and English are official), and Angaur (Angaur, Japoniaese, and English are official), Filipino 13.5%, English 9.4%, Chinese 5.7%, Carolinian 1.5%, Japoniaese 1.5%, other Asian 2.3%, other languages 1.5% (2000 census) | English and Palauan official w all states except Sonsoral (Sonsorolese and English are official), Tobi (Tobi and English are official), and Angaur (Angaur, Japoniaese, and English are official) |
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Panama | Spanish (official), English 14%; note - many Panamanians bilingual | Spanish (official), English 14%
note: many Panamanians bilingual |
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Papua-Nowa Gwinea | Melanesian Pidgin serves as the lingua franca, English spoken by 1%-2%, Motu spoken w Papua region
note: 820 indigenous languages spoken (over one-tenth of the world's total) |
English spoken by 1%-2%, pidgin English widespread, Motu spoken w Papua region
note: 715 indigenous languages |
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Paragwaj | Spanish (official), Guarani (official) | Spanish (official), Guarani (official) |
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Peru | Spanish (official), Quechua (official), Aymara, and a large number of minor Amazonian languages | Spanish (official), Quechua (official), Aymara |
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Filipiny | Filipino (official; based on Tagalog) and English (official); eight major dialects - Tagalog, Cebuano, Ilocano, Hiligaynon or Ilonggo, Bicol, Waray, Pampango, and Pangasinan | two official languages - Filipino (based on Tagalog) and English, eight major dialects - Tagalog, Cebuano, Ilocan, Hiligaynon or Ilonggo, Bicol, Waray, Pampango, and Pangasinense |
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Pitcairn | English (official), Pitkern (mixture of an 18th century English dialect and a Tahitian dialect) | English (official), Pitcairnese (mixture of an 18th century English dialect and a Tahitian dialect) |
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Polska | Polish 97.8%, other and unspecified 2.2% (2002 census) | Polish |
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Portugalia | Portuguese (official), Mirandese (official - but locally used) | Portuguese |
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Portoryko | Spanish, English | Spanish, English |
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Katar | Arabic (official), English commonly used as a second language | Arabic (official), English commonly used as a second language |
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Reunion | - | French (official), Creole widely used |
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Rumunia | Rumunian 91% (official), Hungarian 6.7%, Romany (Gypsy) 1.1%, other 1.2% | Rumunian, Hungarian, German |
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Rosja | Rosjan, many minority languages | Rosjan, other |
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Ruanda | Kinyarwanda (official) universal Bantu vernacular, French (official), English (official), Kiswahili (Swahili) used w commercial centers | Kinyarwanda (official) universal Bantu vernacular, French (official), English (official), Kiswahili (Swahili) used w commercial centers |
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Saint-Barthelemy | French (primary), English | - |
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Swieta Helena | English | English |
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Saint Kitts i Nevis | English | English |
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Saint Lucia | English (official), French patois | English (official), French patois |
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Saint Martin | French (official language), English, Dutch, French Patois, Spanish, Papiamento (dialect of Antyle Holenderskie) | - |
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Saint-Pierre i Miquelon | French (official) | French |
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Saint Vincent i Grenadyny | English, French patois | English, French patois |
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Samoa | Samoan (Polynesian), English | Samoan (Polynesian), English |
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San Marino | Italian | Italian |
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Wyspy Swietego Tomasza i Ksiazeca | Portuguese (official) | Portuguese (official) |
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Arabia Saudyjska | Arabic | Arabic |
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Senegal | French (official), Wolof, Pulaar, Jola, Mandinka | French (official), Wolof, Pulaar, Jola, Mandinka |
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Serbia | Serbian 88.3% (official), Hungarian 3.8%, Bosniak 1.8%, Romany (Gypsy) 1.1%, other 4.1%, unknown 0.9% (2002 census)
note: Rumunian, Hungarian, Slovak, Ukrainian, and Chorwacjan all official w Vojvodina |
- |
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Seszele | Creole 91.8%, English 4.9% (official), other 3.1%, unspecified 0.2% (2002 census) | English (official), French (official), Creole |
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Sierra Leone | English (official, regular use limited to literate minority), Mende (principal vernacular w the south), Temne (principal vernacular w the north), Krio (English-based Creole, spoken by the descendants of freed Jamajkan slaves who were settled w the Freetown area, a lingua franca and a first language dla 10% of the population but understood by 95%) | English (official, regular use limited to literate minority), Mende (principal vernacular w the south), Temne (principal vernacular w the north), Krio (English-based Creole, spoken by the descendants of freed Jamajkan slaves who were settled w the Freetown area, a lingua franca and a first language dla 10% of the population but understood by 95%) |
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Singapur | Mandarin 35%, English 23%, Malay 14.1%, Hokkien 11.4%, Cantonese 5.7%, Teochew 4.9%, Tamil 3.2%, other Chinese dialects 1.8%, other 0.9% (2000 census) | Chinese (official), Malay (official and national), Tamil (official), English (official) |
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Slowacja | Slovak (official) 83.9%, Hungarian 10.7%, Roma 1.8%, Ukrainian 1%, other or unspecified 2.6% (2001 census) | Slovak (official), Hungarian |
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Slowenia | Slowenian 91.1%, Serbo-Chorwacjan 4.5%, other or unspecified 4.4% (2002 census) | Slowenian 91%, Serbo-Chorwacjan 6%, other 3% |
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Wyspy Salomona | Melanesian pidgin w much of the country is lingua franca; English (official; but spoken by only 1%-2% of the population); 120 indigenous languages | Melanesian pidgin w much of the country is lingua franca, English spoken by 1%-2% of population
note: 120 indigenous languages |
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Somalia | Somali (official), Arabic, Italian, English | Somali (official), Arabic, Italian, English |
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Republika Poludniowej Afryki | IsiZulu 23.8%, IsiXhosa 17.6%, Afrikaans 13.3%, Sepedi 9.4%, English 8.2%, Setswana 8.2%, Sesotho 7.9%, Xitsonga 4.4%, other 7.2% (2001 census) | 11 official languages, including Afrikaans, English, Ndebele, Pedi, Sotho, Swazi, Tsonga, Tswana, Venda, Xhosa, Zulu |
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Hiszpania | Castilian Spanish (official) 74%, Catalan 17%, Galician 7%, Basque 2%, are official regionally | Castilian Spanish (official) 74%, Catalan 17%, Galician 7%, Basque 2% |
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Sri Lanka | Sinhala (official and national language) 74%, Tamil (national language) 18%, other 8%
note: English is commonly used w government and is spoken competently by about 10% of the population |
Sinhala (official and national language) 74%, Tamil (national language) 18%, other 8%
note: English is commonly used w government and is spoken competently by about 10% of the population |
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Sudan | Arabic (official), Nubian, Ta Bedawie, diverse dialects of Nilotic, Nilo-Hamitic, Sudanic languages, English
note: program of "Arabization" w process |
Arabic (official), Nubian, Ta Bedawie, diverse dialects of Nilotic, Nilo-Hamitic, Sudanic languages, English
note: program of "Arabization" w process |
 |
Surinam | Dutch (official), English (widely spoken), Sranang Tongo (Surinamse, sometimes called Taki-Taki, is native language of Creoles and much of the younger population and is lingua franca among others), Caribbean Hindustani (a dialect of Hindi), Javanese | Dutch (official), English (widely spoken), Sranang Tongo (Surinamse, sometimes called Taki-Taki, is native language of Creoles and much of the younger population and is lingua franca among others), Hindustani (a dialect of Hindi), Javanese |
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Svalbard | Norwegian, Rosjan | Rosjan, Norwegian |
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Suazi | English (official, government business conducted w English), siSwati (official) | English (official, government business conducted w English), siSwati (official) |
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Szwecja | Swedish, small Sami- and Finnish-speaking minorities | Swedish
note: small Lapp- and Finnish-speaking minorities |
 |
Szwajcaria | German (official) 63.7%, French (official) 20.4%, Italian (official) 6.5%, Serbo-Chorwacjan 1.5%, Albanian 1.3%, Portuguese 1.2%, Spanish 1.1%, English 1%, Romansch (official) 0.5%, other 2.8% (2000 census)
note: German, French, Italian, and Romansch are all national and official languages |
German (official) 63.7%, French (official) 19.2%, Italian (official) 7.6%, Romansch 0.6%, other 8.9% |
 |
Syria | Arabic (official); Kurdish, Armenian, Aramaic, Circassian widely understood; French, English somewhat understood | Arabic (official); Kurdish, Armenian, Aramaic, Circassian widely understood; French, English somewhat understood |
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Tajwan | Mandarin Chinese (official), Tajwanese (Min), Hakka dialects | Mandarin Chinese (official), Tajwanese (Min), Hakka dialects |
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Tadzykistan | Tajik (official), Rosjan widely used w government and business | Tajik (official), Rosjan widely used w government and business |
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Tanzania | Kiswahili or Swahili (official), Kiunguja (name dla Swahili w Zanzibar), English (official, primary language of commerce, administration, and higher education), Arabic (widely spoken w Zanzibar), many local languages
note: Kiswahili (Swahili) is the mother tongue of the Bantu people living w Zanzibar and nearby coastal Tanzania; although Kiswahili is Bantu w structure and origin, its vocabulary draws on a variety of sources including Arabic and English; it has become the lingua franca of central and eastern Africa; the first language of most people is one of the local languages |
Kiswahili or Swahili (official), Kiunguju (name dla Swahili w Zanzibar), English (official, primary language of commerce, administration, and higher education), Arabic (widely spoken w Zanzibar), many local languages
note: Kiswahili (Swahili) is the mother tongue of the Bantu people living w Zanzibar and nearby coastal Tanzania; although Kiswahili is Bantu w structure and origin, its vocabulary draws on a variety of sources, including Arabic and English, and it has become the lingua franca of central and eastern Africa; the first language of most people is one of the local languages |
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Tajlandia | Thai, English (secondary language of the elite), ethnic and regional dialects | Thai, English (secondary language of the elite), ethnic and regional dialects |
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Timor Wschodni | Tetum (official), Portuguese (official), Indonezjan, English
note: there are about 16 indigenous languages; Tetum, Galole, Mambae, and Kemak are spoken by significant numbers of people |
- |
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Togo | French (official and the language of commerce), Ewe and Mina (the two major African languages w the south), Kabye (sometimes spelled Kabiye) and Dagomba (the two major African languages w the north) | French (official and the language of commerce), Ewe and Mina (the two major African languages w the south), Kabye (sometimes spelled Kabiye) and Dagomba (the two major African languages w the north) |
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Tokelau | Tokelauan (a Polynesian language), English | Tokelauan (a Polynesian language), English |
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Tonga | Tongan, English | Tongan, English |
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Trynidad i Tobago | English (official), Caribbean Hindustani (a dialect of Hindi), French, Spanish, Chinese | English (official), Hindi, French, Spanish, Chinese |
 |
Tunezja | Arabic (official and one of the languages of commerce), French (commerce) | Arabic (official and one of the languages of commerce), French (commerce) |
 |
Turcja | Turkish (official), Kurdish, Dimli (or Zaza), Azeri, Kabardian
note: there is also a substantial Gagauz population w the European part of Turcja |
Turkish (official), Kurdish, Arabic, Armenian, Greek |
 |
Turkmenistan | Turkmen 72%, Rosjan 12%, Uzbek 9%, other 7% | Turkmen 72%, Rosjan 12%, Uzbek 9%, other 7% |
 |
Turks i Caicos | English (official) | English (official) |
 |
Tuvalu | Tuvaluan, English, Samoan, Kiribati (on the island of Nui) | Tuvaluan, English |
 |
Uganda | English (official national language, taught w grade schools, used w courts of law and by most newspapers and some radio broadcasts), Ganda or Luganda (most widely used of the Niger-Congo languages, preferred dla native language publications w the capital and may be taught w school), other Niger-Congo languages, Nilo-Saharan languages, Swahili, Arabic | English (official national language, taught w grade schools, used w courts of law and by most newspapers and some radio broadcasts), Ganda or Luganda (most widely used of the Niger-Congo languages, preferred dla native language publications w the capital and may be taught w school), other Niger-Congo languages, Nilo-Saharan languages, Swahili, Arabic |
 |
Ukraina | Ukrainian (official) 67%, Rosjan 24%, other 9% (includes small Rumunian-, Polish-, and Hungarian-speaking minorities) | Ukrainian, Rosjan, Rumunian, Polish, Hungarian |
 |
Zjednoczone Emiraty Arabskie | Arabic (official), Persian, English, Hindi, Urdu | Arabic (official), Persian, English, Hindi, Urdu |
 |
Wielka Brytania | English, Welsh (about 26% of the population of Wales), Scottish form of Gaelic (about 60,000 w Scotland) | English, Welsh (about 26% of the population of Wales), Scottish form of Gaelic (about 60,000 w Scotland) |
 |
Stany Zjednoczone | English 82.1%, Spanish 10.7%, other Indo-European 3.8%, Asian and Pacific island 2.7%, other 0.7% (2000 census)
note: Hawaiian is an official language w the state of Hawaii |
English, Spanish (spoken by a sizable minority) |
 |
Urugwaj | Spanish, Portunol, or Brazyliaero (Portuguese-Spanish mix on the Brazyliaian frontier) | Spanish, Portunol, or Brazyliaero (Portuguese-Spanish mix on the Brazyliaian frontier) |
 |
Uzbekistan | Uzbek 74.3%, Rosjan 14.2%, Tajik 4.4%, other 7.1% | Uzbek 74.3%, Rosjan 14.2%, Tajik 4.4%, other 7.1% |
 |
Vanuatu | local languages (more than 100) 72.6%, pidgin (known as Bislama or Bichelama) 23.1%, English 1.9%, French 1.4%, other 0.3%, unspecified 0.7% (1999 Census) | English (official), French (official), pidgin (known as Bislama or Bichelama) |
 |
Wenezuela | Spanish (official), numerous indigenous dialects | Spanish (official), numerous indigenous dialects |
 |
Wietnam | Wietnamese (official), English (increasingly favored as a second language), some French, Chinese, and Khmer; mountain area languages (Mon-Khmer and Malayo-Polynesian) | Wietnamese (official), English (increasingly favored as a second language), some French, Chinese, and Khmer; mountain area languages (Mon-Khmer and Malayo-Polynesian) |
 |
Wyspy Dziewicze | English 74.7%, Spanish or Spanish Creole 16.8%, French or French Creole 6.6%, other 1.9% (2000 census) | English (official), Spanish, Creole |
 |
Wallis i Futuna | Wallisian 58.9% (indigenous Polynesian language), Futunian 30.1%, French 10.8%, other 0.2% (2003 census) | French, Wallisian (indigenous Polynesian language) |
|
Zachodni Brzeg | Arabic, Hebrew (spoken by Izraeli settlers and many Palestinians), English (widely understood) | Arabic, Hebrew (spoken by Izraeli settlers and many Palestinians), English (widely understood) |
|
Sahara Zachodnia | Hassaniya Arabic, Moroccan Arabic | Hassaniya Arabic, Moroccan Arabic |
|
Swiat | Mandarin Chinese 13.22%, Spanish 4.88%, English 4.68%, Arabic 3.12%, Hindi 2.74%, Portuguese 2.69%, Bengali 2.59%, Rosjan 2.2%, Japoniaese 1.85%, Standard German 1.44%, Wu Chinese 1.17% (2005 est.)
note: percents are dla "first language" speakers only |
- |
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Jemen | Arabic | Arabic |
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Jugoslawia | - | Serbian 95%, Albanian 5% |
 |
Zambia | English (official), major vernaculars - Bemba, Kaonda, Lozi, Lunda, Luvale, Nyanja, Tonga, and about 70 other indigenous languages | English (official), major vernaculars - Bemba, Kaonda, Lozi, Lunda, Luvale, Nyanja, Tonga, and about 70 other indigenous languages |
 |
Zimbabwe | English (official), Shona, Sindebele (the language of the Ndebele, sometimes called Ndebele), numerous but minor tribal dialects | English (official), Shona, Sindebele (the language of the Ndebele, sometimes called Ndebele), numerous but minor tribal dialects |
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