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Cook Islands (2004)

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Cook Islands 2004 year

 Cook Islands
Administrative divisions none
Age structure 0-14 years: NA


15-64 years: NA


65 years and over: NA (2004 est.)
Agriculture - products copra, citrus, pineapples, tomatoes, beans, pawpaws, bananas, yams, taro, coffee; pigs, poultry
Airports 9 (2003 est.)
Airports - with paved runways total: 2


1,524 to 2,437 m: 2 (2004 est.)
Airports - with unpaved runways total: 7


1,524 to 2,437 m: 2


914 to 1,523 m: 4


under 914 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Area total: 240 sq km


land: 240 sq km


water: 0 sq km
Area - comparative 1.3 times the size of Washington, DC
Background Named after Captain Cook, who sighted them in 1770, the islands became a British protectorate in 1888. By 1900, administrative control was transferred to New Zealand; in 1965 residents chose self-government in free association with New Zealand. The emigration of skilled workers to New Zealand and government deficits are continuing problems.
Birth rate NA births/1,000 population (2004 est.)
Budget revenues: $28 million


expenditures: $27 million, including capital expenditures of $3.3 million (FY00/01 est.)
Capital Avarua
Climate tropical; moderated by trade winds
Coastline 120 km
Constitution 4 August 1965
Country name conventional long form: none


conventional short form: Cook Islands


former: Harvey Islands
Currency New Zealand dollar (NZD)
Death rate NA deaths/1,000 population (2004 est.)
Debt - external $141 million (1996 est.)
Dependency status self-governing in free association with New Zealand; Cook Islands is fully responsible for internal affairs; New Zealand retains responsibility for external affairs and defense, in consultation with the Cook Islands
Diplomatic representation from the US none (self-governing in free association with New Zealand)
Diplomatic representation in the US none (self-governing in free association with New Zealand)
Disputes - international none
Economic aid - recipient $13.1 million; note - New Zealand continues to furnish the greater part (1995)
Economy - overview Like many other South Pacific island nations, the Cook Islands' economic development is hindered by the isolation of the country from foreign markets, the limited size of domestic markets, lack of natural resources, periodic devastation from natural disasters, and inadequate infrastructure. Agriculture provides the economic base with major exports made up of copra and citrus fruit. Manufacturing activities are limited to fruit processing, clothing, and handicrafts. Trade deficits are offset by remittances from emigrants and by foreign aid, overwhelmingly from New Zealand. In the 1980s and 1990s, the country lived beyond its means, maintaining a bloated public service and accumulating a large foreign debt. Subsequent reforms, including the sale of state assets, the strengthening of economic management, the encouragement of tourism, and a debt restructuring agreement, have rekindled investment and growth.
Electricity - consumption 25.51 million kWh (2001)
Electricity - exports 0 kWh (2001)
Electricity - imports 0 kWh (2001)
Electricity - production 27.43 million kWh (2001)
Elevation extremes lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m


highest point: Te Manga 652 m
Environment - current issues NA
Environment - international agreements party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Law of the Sea


signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Ethnic groups Polynesian (full blood) 81.3%, Polynesian and European 7.7%, Polynesian and non-European 7.7%, European 2.4%, other 0.9%
Exchange rates New Zealand dollars per US dollar - 1.7229 (2003), 2.1622 (2002), 2.3776 (2001), 2.1863 (2000), 1.8886 (1999)
Executive branch chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by Frederick GOODWIN (since 9 February 2001); New Zealand High Commissioner Kurt MEYER (since July 2001), representative of New Zealand


head of government: Prime Minister Jim MARURAI (since 14 December 2004); Deputy Prime Minister SIR Geoffrey HENRY (since 14 December 2004)


cabinet: Cabinet chosen by the prime minister; collectively responsible to Parliament


elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; the UK representative is appointed by the monarch; the New Zealand high commissioner is appointed by the New Zealand Government; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or the leader of the majority coalition usually becomes prime minister
Exports 0 kWh (2001)
Exports $9.1 million (2000)
Exports NA (2001)
Exports - commodities copra, papayas, fresh and canned citrus fruit, coffee; fish; pearls and pearl shells; clothing
Exports - partners Australia 34%, Japan 27%, New Zealand 25%, US 8% (2000)
Fiscal year 1 April - 31 March
Flag description blue, with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant and a large circle of 15 white five-pointed stars (one for every island) centered in the outer half of the flag
GDP purchasing power parity - $105 million (2001 est.)
GDP - composition by sector agriculture: 17%


industry: 7.8%


services: 75.2% (2000 est.)
GDP - per capita purchasing power parity - $5,000 (2001 est.)
GDP - real growth rate 7.1% (2001 est.)
Geographic coordinates 21 14 S, 159 46 W
Geography - note the northern Cook Islands are seven low-lying, sparsely populated, coral atolls; the southern Cook Islands consist of eight elevated, fertile, volcanic isles where most of the populace lives
Highways total: 320 km


paved: 33 km


unpaved: 287 km (2000)
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%: NA


highest 10%: NA
Imports 0 kWh (2001)
Imports $50.7 million (2000)
Imports NA (2001)
Imports - commodities foodstuffs, textiles, fuels, timber, capital goods
Imports - partners New Zealand 61%, Fiji 19%, US 9%, Australia 6%, Japan 2% (2000)
Independence none (became self-governing in free association with New Zealand on 4 August 1965 and has the right at any time to move to full independence by unilateral action)
Industrial production growth rate 1% (2002)
Industries fruit processing, tourism, fishing, clothing, handicrafts
Infant mortality rate total: NA


male: NA


female: NA (2004 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 3.2% (2000 est.)
International organization participation ACP, AsDB, FAO, ICAO, ICFTU, IFAD, IFRCS, IOC, OPCW, PIF, Sparteca, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO
Irrigated land NA sq km
Judicial branch High Court
Labor force 8,000 (1996)
Labor force - by occupation agriculture 29%, industry 15%, services 56%


note: shortage of skilled labor (1995)
Land boundaries 0 km
Land use arable land: 17.39%


permanent crops: 13.04%


other: 69.57% (2001)
Languages English (official), Maori
Legal system based on New Zealand law and English common law
Legislative branch unicameral Parliament (25 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)


elections: last held 7 September 2004 (next to be held by 2009)


election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - CIP 10, DAP 9, Demo Tumu 4, independent 1; note - one seat undecided pending by-election


note: the House of Ariki (chiefs) advises on traditional matters and maintains considerable influence, but has no legislative powers
Life expectancy at birth total population: NA years


male: NA years


female: NA years (2004 est.)
Literacy definition: NA


total population: 95%


male: NA


female: NA
Location Oceania, group of islands in the South Pacific Ocean, about one-half of the way from Hawaii to New Zealand
Map references Oceania
Maritime claims territorial sea: 12 nm


exclusive economic zone: 200 nm


continental shelf: 200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin
Merchant marine total: 2 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 4,074 GRT/7,520 DWT


by type: cargo 1, petroleum tanker 1


foreign-owned: Australia 1, United Kingdom 1 (2004 est.)
Military - note defense is the responsibility of New Zealand, in consultation with the Cook Islands and at its request
National holiday Constitution Day, first Monday in August (1965)
Nationality noun: Cook Islander(s)


adjective: Cook Islander
Natural hazards typhoons (November to March)
Natural resources NEGL
Political parties and leaders Cook Islands People's Party or CIP [Geoffrey HENRY]; Democratic Alliance Party or DAP [Terepai MAOATE]; New Alliance Party or NAP [Norman GEORGE]; Cook Islands National Party or CIN [Teariki HEATHER]; Demo Party Tumu [Robert WOONTON]
Political pressure groups and leaders NA
Population 21,200 (July 2004 est.)
Population below poverty line NA
Population growth rate NA (2004 est.)
Ports and harbors Avarua, Avatiu
Radio broadcast stations AM 1, FM 1, shortwave 0 (2004)
Religions Christian (majority of populace are members of the Cook Islands Christian Church)
Sex ratio NA (2004 est.)
Suffrage NA years of age; universal adult
Telephone system general assessment: Telecom Cook Islands offers international direct dialing, Internet, email, fax, and Telex


domestic: the individual islands are connected by a combination of satellite earth stations, microwave systems, and VHF and HF radiotelephone; within the islands, service is provided by small exchanges connected to subscribers by open-wire, cable, and fiber-optic cable


international: country code - 682; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Pacific Ocean)
Telephones - main lines in use 6,200 (2002)
Telephones - mobile cellular 1,500 (2002)
Television broadcast stations 1 (outer islands receive satellite broadcasts) (2004)
Terrain low coral atolls in north; volcanic, hilly islands in south
Total fertility rate NA children born/woman (2004 est.)
Unemployment rate 13% (1996)
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