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Holy See (Vatican City) (2007)

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Holy See (Vatican City) 2007 year

 Holy See (Vatican City)
Administrative divisions none
Area total: 0.44 sq km


land: 0.44 sq km


water: 0 sq km
Area - comparative about 0.7 times the size of The Mall in Washington, DC
Background Popes in their secular role ruled portions of the Italian peninsula for more than a thousand years until the mid 19th century, when many of the Papal States were seized by the newly united Kingdom of Italy. In 1870, the pope's holdings were further circumscribed when Rome itself was annexed. Disputes between a series of "prisoner" popes and Italy were resolved in 1929 by three Lateran Treaties, which established the independent state of Vatican City and granted Roman Catholicism special status in Italy. In 1984, a concordat between the Holy See and Italy modified certain of the earlier treaty provisions, including the primacy of Roman Catholicism as the Italian state religion. Present concerns of the Holy See include religious freedom, international development, the Middle East, terrorism, interreligious dialogue and reconciliation, and the application of church doctrine in an era of rapid change and globalization. About 1 billion people worldwide profess the Catholic faith.
Budget revenues: $247 million


expenditures: $243 million (2005)
Capital name: Vatican City


geographic coordinates: 41 54 N, 12 27 E


time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)


daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October
Climate temperate; mild, rainy winters (September to May) with hot, dry summers (May to September)
Coastline 0 km (landlocked)
Constitution new Fundamental Law promulgated by Pope JOHN PAUL II on 26 November 2000, effective 22 February 2001 (replaces the first Fundamental Law of 1929)
Country name conventional long form: The Holy See (State of the Vatican City)


conventional short form: Holy See (Vatican City)


local long form: Santa Sede (Stato della Citta del Vaticano)


local short form: Santa Sede (Citta del Vaticano)
Diplomatic representation from the US chief of mission: Ambassador Francis ROONEY


embassy: Villa Domiziana, Via delle Terme Deciane 26, 00153 Rome


mailing address: PSC 59, Box 66, APO AE 09624


telephone: [39] (06) 4674-3428


FAX: [39] (06) 575-8346
Diplomatic representation in the US chief of mission: Apostolic Nuncio Archbishop Pietro SAMBI


chancery: 3339 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008


telephone: [1] (202) 333-7121


FAX: [1] (202) 337-4036
Disputes - international none
Economy - overview This unique, noncommercial economy is supported financially by an annual contribution (known as Peter's Pence) from Roman Catholic dioceses throughout the world; by the sale of postage stamps, coins, medals, and tourist mementos; by fees for admission to museums; and by the sale of publications. Investments and real estate income also account for a sizable portion of revenue. The incomes and living standards of lay workers are comparable to those of counterparts who work in the city of Rome.
Electricity - consumption NA kWh
Electricity - imports NA kWh; note - electricity supplied by Italy
Electricity - production NA kWh
Elevation extremes lowest point: unnamed location 19 m


highest point: unnamed location 75 m
Environment - current issues NA
Environment - international agreements party to: Climate Change


signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution, Environmental Modification
Ethnic groups Italians, Swiss, other
Exchange rates euros per US dollar - 0.7964 (2006), 0.8041 (2005), 0.8054 (2004), 0.886 (2003), 1.0626 (2002)
Executive branch chief of state: Pope BENEDICT XVI (since 19 April 2005)


head of government: Secretary of State Cardinal Tarcisio BERTONE (since 15 September 2006)


cabinet: Pontifical Commission appointed by the pope


elections: pope elected for life by the College of Cardinals; election last held 19 April 2005 (next to be held after the death of the current pope); secretary of state appointed by the pope


election results: Joseph RATZINGER elected Pope BENEDICT XVI
Fiscal year calendar year
Flag description two vertical bands of yellow (hoist side) and white with the arms of the Holy See, consisting of the crossed keys of Saint Peter surmounted by the three-tiered papal tiara, centered in the white band
Geographic coordinates 41 54 N, 12 27 E
Geography - note landlocked; enclave in Rome, Italy; world's smallest state; beyond the territorial boundary of Vatican City, the Lateran Treaty of 1929 grants the Holy See extraterritorial authority over 23 sites in Rome and five outside of Rome, including the Pontifical Palace at Castel Gandolfo (the Pope's summer residence)
Imports NA kWh; note - electricity supplied by Italy
Independence 11 February 1929 (from Italy); note - the three treaties signed with Italy on 11 February 1929 acknowledged, among other things, the full sovereignty of the Vatican and established its territorial extent; however, the origin of the Papal States, which over the years have varied considerably in extent, may be traced back to the 8th century
Industries printing; production of coins, medals, postage stamps; a small amount of mosaics and staff uniforms; worldwide banking and financial activities
International organization participation CE (observer), CPLP (associate), IAEA, IOM (observer), ITSO, ITU, ITUC, NAM (guest), OAS (observer), OPCW, OSCE, UN (observer), UNCTAD, UNHCR, Union Latina (observer), UNWTO (observer), UPU, WIPO, WTO (observer)
Irrigated land 0 sq km
Judicial branch there are three tribunals responsible for civil and criminal matters within Vatican City; three other tribunals rule on issues pertaining to the Holy See


note: judicial duties were established by the Motu Proprio of Pope PIUS XII on 1 May 1946
Labor force NA
Labor force - by occupation note: essentially services with a small amount of industry; dignitaries, priests, nuns, guards, and 3,000 lay workers live outside the Vatican
Land boundaries total: 3.2 km


border countries: Italy 3.2 km
Land use arable land: 0%


permanent crops: 0%


other: 100% (urban area) (2005)
Languages Italian, Latin, French, various other languages
Legal system based on Code of Canon Law and revisions to it
Legislative branch unicameral Pontifical Commission
Literacy definition: NA


total population: 100%


male: 100%


female: 100%
Location Southern Europe, an enclave of Rome (Italy)
Map references Europe
Maritime claims none (landlocked)
Military - note defense is the responsibility of Italy; ceremonial and limited security duties performed by Pontifical Swiss Guard
Military branches Pontifical Swiss Guard (Corpo della Guardia Svizzera Pontificia)
National holiday Coronation Day of Pope BENEDICT XVI, 24 April (2005)
Nationality noun: none


adjective: none
Natural hazards NA
Natural resources none
Political parties and leaders none
Political pressure groups and leaders none (exclusive of influence exercised by church officers)
Population 821 (July 2007 est.)
Population below poverty line NA%
Population growth rate 0% (2007 est.)
Radio broadcast stations AM 4, FM 3, shortwave 2 (2004)
Religions Roman Catholic
Suffrage limited to cardinals less than 80 years old
Telephone system general assessment: automatic digital exchange


domestic: connected via fiber optic cable to Telecom Italia network


international: country code - 39; uses Italian system
Telephones - main lines in use 5,120 (2005)
Television broadcast stations 1 (2005)
Terrain urban; low hill
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