Turcja (2001)
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Turcja 2001 roku
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 | Turcja (2003) (porownaj) |
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Turcja 2001 roku
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| Podzial administracyjny | 80 provinces (iller, singular - il); Adana, Adiyaman, Afyon, Agri, Aksaray, Amasya, Ankara, Antalya, Ardahan, Artvin, Aydin, Balikesir, Bartin, Batman, Bayburt, Bilecik, Bingol, Bitlis, Bolu, Burdur, Bursa, Canakkale, Cankiri, Corum, Denizli, Diyarbakir, Edirne, Elazig, Erzincan, Erzurum, Eskisehir, Gaziantep, Giresun, Gumushane, Hakkari, Hatay, Icel, Igdir, Isparta, Istanbul, Izmir, Kahramanmaras, Karabuk, Karaman, Kars, Kastamonu, Kayseri, Kilis, Kirikkale, Kirklareli, Kirsehir, Kocaeli, Konya, Kutahya, Malatya, Manisa, Mardin, Mugla, Mus, Nevsehir, Nigde, Ordu, Osmaniye, Rize, Sakarya, Samsun, Sanliurfa, Siirt, Sinop, Sirnak, Sivas, Tekirdag, Tokat, Trabzon, Tunceli, Usak, Van, Yalova, Yozgat, Zonguldak; note - there may be another province called Duzce |
| Struktura wiekowa | 0-14 years:
28.42% (male 9,620,291; female 9,276,347) 15-64 years: 65.45% (male 22,116,599; female 21,401,165) 65 years and over: 6.13% (male 1,878,571; female 2,200,997) (2001 est.) |
| Rolinictwo | tobacco, cotton, grain, olives, sugar beets, pulse, citrus; livestock |
| Lotniska | 121 (2000 est.) |
| Lotniska z utwardzonymi pasami | total:
86 over 3,047 m: 16 2,438 to 3,047 m: 29 1,524 to 2,437 m: 19 914 to 1,523 m: 16 under 914 m: 6 (2000 est.) |
| Lotniska z nieutwardzonymi pasami | total:
35 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 8 under 914 m: 26 (2000 est.) |
| Terytorium | total:
780,580 sq km land: 770,760 sq km water: 9,820 sq km |
| Terytorium - porownanie wielkosci | slightly larger than Texas |
| Tlo historyczne | Turcja was created w 1923 from the Turkish remnants of the Ottoman Empire. Soon thereafter the country instituted secular laws to replace traditional religious fiats. In 1945 Turcja joined the UN and w 1952 it became a member of NATO. Turcja occupied the northern portion of Cypr w 1974 to prevent a Greek takeover of the island; relations between the two countries remain strained. Periodic military offensives against Kurdish separatists have dislocated part of the population w southeast Turcja and have drawn international condemnation. |
| Wspolczynnik narodzin | 18.31 births/1,000 population (2001 est.) |
| Budzet | revenues:
$54.5 billion expenditures: $75.2 billion, including capital expenditures of $3.3 billion (2000) |
| Stolica | Ankara |
| Klimat | temperate; hot, dry summers z mild, wet winters; harsher w interior |
| Linia brzegowa | 7,200 km |
| Konstytucja | 7 listopad 1982 |
| Nazwa panstwa | conventional long form:
Republic of Turcja conventional short form: Turcja local long form: Turkiye Cumhuriyeti local short form: Turkiye |
| Waluta | Turkish lira (TRL) |
| Wspolczynnik zgonow | 5.95 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.) |
| Zadluzenie - zewnetrzne | $109 billion (2000 est.) |
| Reprezentacja dyplomatyczna ze strony USA | chief of mission:
Ambassador Robert PEARSON embassy: Ataturk Bulvarii 110, Ankara mailing address: PSC 93, Box 5000, APO AE 09823 telephone: [90] (312) 468-6110 FAX: [90] (312) 467-0019 consulate(s) general: Istanbul (closed as of grudzien 2000 dla security review) consulate(s): Adana (closed as of grudzien 2000 dla security review) |
| Reprezentacja dyplomatyczna w USA | chief of mission:
Ambassador Baki ILKIN chancery: 2525 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 612-6700 FAX: [1] (202) 612-6744 consulate(s) general: Chicago, Houston, Los Angeles, and New York |
| Miedzynarodowe dyskusje | complex maritime, air, and territorial disputes z Grecja w Aegean Sea; Cypr question z Grecja; dispute z downstream riparian states (Syria and Irak) over water development plans dla the Tigris and Euphrates rivers; traditional demands regarding former Armenian lands w Turcja have subsided |
| Ekonomiczna pomoc - pobieranie | ODA, $195 million (1993) |
| Ekonomia | Turcja's dynamic economy is a complex mix of modern industry and commerce along z traditional agriculture that still accounts dla nearly 40% of employment. It has a strong and rapidly growing private sector, yet the state still plays a major role w basic industry, banking, transport, and communication. The most important industry - and largest exporter - is textiles and clothing, which is almost entirely w private hands. In recent years the economic situation has been marked by erratic economic growth and serious imbalances. Real GNP growth has exceeded 6% w most years, but this strong expansion was interrupted by sharp declines w output w 1994 and 1999. Meanwhile the public sector fiscal deficit has regularly exceeded 10% of Produkt krajowy brutto - due w large part to the huge burden of interest payments, which now account dla more than 40% of central government spending - while inflation has remained w the high double digit range. Perhaps because of these problems, foreign direct investment w Turcja remains low - less than $1 billion annually. Prospects dla the future are improving, however, because the ECEVIT government since czerwiec 1999 has been implementing an IMF-backed reform program, including a tighter budget, social security reform, banking reorganization, and accelerated privatization. As a result, the fiscal situation is greatly improved and inflation has dropped below 40% - the lowest rate since 1987. The country experienced a financial crisis w late 2000, including sharp drops w the stock market and foreign exchange reserves, but is recovering rapidly, thanks to additional IMF support and the government's commitment to a specific timetable of economic reforms. |
| Elektrycznosc - konsumpcja | 119.5 billion kWh (2000 est.) |
| Elektrycznosc - eksport | 350 million kWh (2000 est.) |
| Elektrycznosc - import | 3.35 billion kWh (2000 est.) |
| Elektrycznosc - produkcja | 125.3 billion kWh (2000 est.) |
| Elektrycznosc - zrodla energii | fossil fuel:
71% hydro: 29% nuclear: 0% other: 0% (2000 est.) |
| Skrajne punkty wysokosci | lowest point:
Mediterranean Sea 0 m highest point: Mount Ararat 5,166 m |
| Srodowisko - obecne problemy | water pollution from dumping of chemicals and detergents; air pollution, particularly w urban areas; deforestation; concern dla oil spills from increasing Bosporus ship traffic |
| Srodowisko - miedzynarodowe umowy | party to:
Air Pollution, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Environmental Modification |
| Grupy etniczne | Turkish 80%, Kurdish 20% |
| Kurs waluty | Turkish liras per US dollar - 677,621 (grudzien 2000), 625,219 (2000), 418,783 (1999), 260,724 (1998), 151,865 (1997), 81,405 (1996) |
| Wladza wykonawcza | chief of state:
President Ahmed Necdet SEZER (since 16 maj 2000) head of government: Prime Minister Bulent ECEVIT (since 11 styczen 1999) cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president on the nomination of the prime minister note: there is also a National Security Council that serves as an advisory body to the president and the cabinet elections: president elected by the National Assembly dla a seven-year term; election last held 5 maj 2000 (next scheduled to be held NA maj 2007); prime minister and deputy prime minister appointed by the president election results: Ahmed Necdet SEZER elected president on the third ballot; percent of National Assembly vote - 60% note: president must have a two-thirds majority of the National Assembly on the first two ballots and a simple majority on the third ballot |
| Eksport | 350 million kWh (2000 est.) |
| Eksport | $26.9 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.) |
| Eksport - towary | apparel 25.6%, foodstuffs 15.4%, textiles 12.3%, metal manufactures 8.6%, transport equipment 8.1% (1998) |
| Eksport - partnerzy | Niemcy 18.7%, US 11.4%, UK 7.4%, Wlochy 6.3%, Francja 6.0% (2000 est.) |
| Rok podatkowy | rok kalendarzowy |
| Opis flagi | red z a vertical white crescent (the closed portion is toward the hoist side) and white five-pointed star centered just outside the crescent opening |
| Produkt krajowy brutto | purchasing power parity - $444 billion (2000 est.) |
| Produkt krajowy brutto - podzial wg galezi przemyslu | agriculture:
15% industry: 29% services: 56% (1999) |
| Produkt krajowy brutto - per capita | purchasing power parity - $6,800 (2000 est.) |
| Produkt krajowy brutto - realny wspolczynnik wzrostu | 6% (2000 est.) |
| Koordynaty geograficzne | 39 00 N, 35 00 E |
| Polozenie geograficzne | strategic location controlling the Turkish Straits (Bosporus, Sea of Marmara, Dardanelles) that link Black and Aegean Seas |
| Ladowiska helikopterow | 2 (2000 est.) |
| Autostrady | total:
382,059 km paved: 106,976 km (including 1,726 km of expressways) unpaved: 275,083 km (1999 est.) |
| Domowy dochód albo konsumpcja wg podzialu procentowego | lowest 10%:
2.3% highest 10%: 32.3% (1994) |
| Narkotyki | key transit route dla Southwest Asian heroin to Western Europe and - to a far lesser extent the US - via air, land, and sea routes; major Turkish, Iranian, and other international trafficking organizations operate out of Istanbul; laboratories to convert imported morphine base into heroin are w remote regions of Turcja as well as near Istanbul; government maintains strict controls over areas of legal opium poppy cultivation and output of poppy straw concentrate |
| Import | 3.35 billion kWh (2000 est.) |
| Import | $55.7 billion (c.i.f., 2000 est.) |
| Import - towary | machinery 28.3%, chemicals 15.2%, semi-finished goods 14.5%, fuels 11%, transport equipment 9.5% (1999) |
| Import - partnerzy | Niemcy 13.1%, Wlochy 7.9%, US 7.2%, Rosja 7.0%, Francja 6.6%, UK 5.0% (2000 est.) |
| Niepodleglosc | 29 pazdziernik 1923 (successor state to the Ottoman Empire) |
| Wspolczynnik wzrostu produkcji w przemysle | 6.2% (2000 est.) |
| Przemysl | textiles, food processing, autos, mining (coal, chromite, copper, boron), steel, petroleum, construction, lumber, paper |
| Wspolczynnik umieralnosci noworodkow | 47.34 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.) |
| Inflacja | 39% (2000 est.) |
| Czlonek miedzynarodowych organizacji | AsDB, Australia Group, BIS, BSEC, CCC, CE, CERN (observer), EAPC, EBRD, ECE, ECO, ESCAP, EU (applicant), FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Inmarsat, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), ISO, ITU, NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OIC, OPCW, OSCE, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIKOM, UNMIBH, UNMIK, UNOMIG, UNRWA, UNTAET, UPU, WEU (associate), WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO |
| Dostawcy internetu | 22 (2000) |
| Nawadniane tereny | 36,740 sq km (1993 est.) |
| Sadownictwo | Konstytucjaal Court (judges are appointed by the president); Court of Appeals (judges are elected by the Supreme Council of Judges and Prosecutors) |
| Sila robocza | 23 million (2000 est.)
note: about 1.2 million Turks work abroad (1999) |
| Sila robocza - wg galezi gospodarki | agriculture 38%, services 38%, industry 24% (2000) |
| Granica | total:
2,627 km border countries: Armenia 268 km, Azerbejdzan 9 km, Bulgaria 240 km, Georgia 252 km, Grecja 206 km, Iran 499 km, Irak 331 km, Syria 822 km |
| Zagospodarowanie terenu | arable land:
32% permanent crops: 4% permanent pastures: 16% forests and woodland: 26% other: 22% (1993 est.) |
| Jezyki | Turkish (official), Kurdish, Arabic, Armenian, Greek |
| System prawny | derived from various European continental legal systems; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, z reservations |
| Wladza ustawodawcza | unicameral Grand National Assembly of Turcja or Turkiye Buyuk Millet Meclisi (550 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)
elections: last held 18 kwiecien 1999 (next to be held NA 2004) election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - DSP 136, MHP 130, FP 110, DYP 86, ANAP 88; note - as of 7 marzec 2000 seating was DSP 136, MHP 127, FP 103, DYP 85, ANAP 88 independents 6, vacancies 5 |
| Zywotnosc | total population:
71.24 years male: 68.89 years female: 73.71 years (2001 est.) |
| Pismienni | definition:
age 15 and over can read and write total population: 85% male: 94% female: 77% (2000) |
| Lokalizacja | southeastern Europe and southwestern Asia (that portion of Turcja west of the Bosporus is geographically part of Europe), bordering the Black Sea, between Bulgaria and Georgia, and bordering the Aegean Sea and the Mediterranean Sea, between Grecja and Syria |
| Lokalizacja na mapie | Middle East |
| Morskie obszary | exclusive economic zone:
in Black Sea only: to the maritime boundary agreed upon z the former USSR territorial sea: 6 NM w the Aegean Sea; 12 NM w Black Sea and w Mediterranean Sea |
| Flota handlowa | total:
548 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 5,617,302 GRT/9,088,451 DWT ships by type: bulk 140, cargo 242, chemical tanker 41, combination bulk 5, combination ore/oil 6, container 21, liquefied gas 6, passenger/cargo 1, petroleum tanker 43, refrigerated cargo 3, roll on/roll off 25, short-sea passenger 10, specialized tanker 5 (2000 est.) |
| Wojsko | Land Force, Navy (includes Naval Air and Naval Infantry), Air Force, Coast Guard, Gendarmerie |
| Wojska - wydatki (w dolarach) | $10.6 billion (FY99) |
| Wojsko - wydatki (procent PKB) | 5.6% (FY99) |
| Wojsko - zasoby ludzkie (w wieku poborowym) | males age 15-49:
18,882,272 (2001 est.) |
| Wojsko - zasoby ludzkie (zdolni do sluzby wojskowej) | males age 15-49:
11,432,438 (2001 est.) |
| Wojsko - zasoby ludzkie (wiek zolniezy) | 20 years of age |
| Wojsko - zasoby ludzkie (osoby osiagajace wiek poborowy w ciagu roku) | males:
674,805 (2001 est.) |
| Swieto narodowe | Niepodleglosc Day, 29 pazdziernik (1923) |
| Narodowosc | noun:
Turk(s) adjective: Turkish |
| Naturalne zagrozenia | very severe earthquakes, especially w northern Turcja, along an arc extending from the Sea of Marmara to Lake Van |
| Surowce naturalne | antimony, coal, chromium, mercury, copper, borate, sulfur, iron ore, arable land, hydropower |
| Wspolczynnik migracji | 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.) |
| Rurociagi | crude oil 1,738 km; petroleum products 2,321 km; natural gas 708 km |
| Partie polityczne i przywodcy | Democratic Left Party or DSP [Bulent ECEVIT]; Motherland Party or ANAP [Mesut YILMAZ]; Nationalist Action Party or MHP [Devlet BAHCELI]; True Path Party or DYP [Tansu CILLER]; Virtue Party or FP [Recai KUTAN]; note - w czerwiec 2001, Turcja's Konstytucjaal Court banned the party; its representatives (except dla two) can stay on w the Grand National Assembly as independents
note: Welfare Party or RP [Necmettin ERBAKAN] was officially outlawed on 22 luty 1998 |
| Przesladowania polityczne ugrupowan oraz liderow | Confederation of Revolutionary Workers Unions or DISK [Ridvan BUDAK]; Independent Industrialists and Businessmen's Association or MUSIAD [Erol YARAR]; Moral Rights Workers Union or Hak-Is [Salim USLU]; Turkish Industrialists' and Businessmen's Association or TUSIAD [Muharrem KAYHAN]; Turkish Confederation of Employers' Unions or TISK [Refik BAYDUR]; Turkish Confederation of Labor or Turk-Is [Bayram MERAL]; Turkish Union of Chambers of Commerce and Commodity Exchanges or TOBB [Fuat MIRAS] |
| Ludnosc | 66,493,970 (lipiec 2001 est.) |
| Ludnosc zyjaca na skraju ubostwa | NA% |
| Przyrost naturalny | 1.24% (2001 est.) |
| Porty i stocznie | Gemlik, Hopa, Iskenderun, Istanbul, Izmir, Kocaeli (Izmit), Icel (Mersin), Samsun, Trabzon |
| Stacje radiowe | AM 16, FM 72, shortwave 6 (1998) |
| Radia | 11.3 million (1997) |
| Linie kolejowe | total:
8,607 km standard gauge: 8,607 km 1.435-m gauge (1,524 km electrified) (1999) |
| Religie | Muslim 99.8% (mostly Sunni), other 0.2% (Christian and Jews) |
| Wspolczynnik plci | at birth:
1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.03 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.85 male(s)/female total population: 1.02 male(s)/female (2001 est.) |
| Prawo wyborcze | 18 years of age; universal |
| System telefoniczny | general assessment:
undergoing rapid modernization and expansion, especially cellular telephones domestic: additional digital exchanges are permitting a rapid increase w subscribers; the construction of a network of technologically advanced intercity trunk lines, using both fiber-optic cable and digital microwave radio relay is facilitating communication between urban centers; remote areas are reached by a domestic satellite system; the number of subscribers to mobile cellular telephone service is growing rapidly international: international service is provided by three submarine fiber-optic cables w the Mediterranean and Black Seas, linking Turcja z Wlochy, Grecja, Izrael, Bulgaria, Rumunia, and Rosja, by 12 Intelsat earth stations, and by 328 mobile satellite terminals w the Inmarsat and Eutelsat systems |
| Telefony - wykorzystywane linie telefoniczne | 19.5 million (1999) |
| Telefony komorkowe | 12.1 million (1999) |
| Stacje telewizyjne | 635 (plus 2,934 repeaters) (1995) |
| Uksztaltowanie terenu | mostly mountains; narrow coastal plain; high central plateau (Anatolia) |
| Wspolczynnik nardzin przypadajacy na kobiety | 2.12 children born/woman (2001 est.) |
| Wspolczynnik bezrobocia | 5.6% (plus underemployment of 5.6%) (2000 est.) |
| Drogi wodne | 1,200 km (approximately) |
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