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Sweden (2004)

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Sweden 2004 year

 Sweden
Administrative divisions 21 counties (lan, singular and plural); Blekinge, Dalarnas, Gavleborgs, Gotlands, Hallands, Jamtlands, Jonkopings, Kalmar, Kronobergs, Norrbottens, Orebro, Ostergotlands, Skane, Sodermanlands, Stockholms, Uppsala, Varmlands, Vasterbottens, Vasternorrlands, Vastmanlands, Vastra Gotalands
Age structure 0-14 years: 17.5% (male 807,193; female 762,882)


15-64 years: 65.2% (male 2,974,107; female 2,886,840)


65 years and over: 17.3% (male 668,719; female 886,659) (2004 est.)
Agriculture - products barley, wheat, sugar beets; meat, milk
Airports 255 (2003 est.)
Airports - with paved runways total: 154


over 3,047 m: 3


2,438 to 3,047 m: 12


1,524 to 2,437 m: 82


914 to 1,523 m: 22


under 914 m: 35 (2004 est.)
Airports - with unpaved runways total: 100


914 to 1,523 m: 10


under 914 m: 90 (2004 est.)
Area total: 449,964 sq km


land: 410,934 sq km


water: 39,030 sq km
Area - comparative slightly larger than California
Background A military power during the 17th century, Sweden has not participated in any war in almost two centuries. An armed neutrality was preserved in both World Wars. Sweden's long-successful economic formula of a capitalist system interlarded with substantial welfare elements was challenged in the 1990s by high unemployment and in 2000-02 by the global economic downturn, but fiscal discipline over the past several years has allowed the country to weather economic vagaries. Indecision over the country's role in the political and economic integration of Europe delayed Sweden's entry into the EU until 1995, and waived the introduction of the euro in 1999.
Birth rate 10.46 births/1,000 population (2004 est.)
Budget revenues: $177.7 billion


expenditures: $176.9 billion, including capital expenditures of NA (2003 est.)
Capital Stockholm
Climate temperate in south with cold, cloudy winters and cool, partly cloudy summers; subarctic in north
Coastline 3,218 km
Constitution 1 January 1975
Country name conventional long form: Kingdom of Sweden


conventional short form: Sweden


local long form: Konungariket Sverige


local short form: Sverige
Currency Swedish krona (SEK)
Death rate 10.38 deaths/1,000 population (2004 est.)
Debt - external $66.5 billion (1994)
Diplomatic representation from the US chief of mission: Ambassador M. Teel BIVINS


embassy: Dag Hammarskjolds VAG 31, SE-11589 Stockholm


mailing address: American Embassy Stockholm, Department of State, 5750 Stockholm Place, Washington, DC 20521-5750 (pouch)


telephone: [46] (08) 783 53 00


FAX: [46] (08) 661 19 64
Diplomatic representation in the US chief of mission: Ambassador Jan ELIASSON


chancery: 1501 M Street NW, Washington, DC 20005-1702


telephone: [1] (202) 467-2600


FAX: [1] (202) 467-2699


consulate(s) general: Los Angeles and New York
Disputes - international none
Economic aid - donor ODA, $1.7 billion (1997)
Economy - overview Aided by peace and neutrality for the whole 20th century, Sweden has achieved an enviable standard of living under a mixed system of high-tech capitalism and extensive welfare benefits. It has a modern distribution system, excellent internal and external communications, and a skilled labor force. Timber, hydropower, and iron ore constitute the resource base of an economy heavily oriented toward foreign trade. Privately owned firms account for about 90% of industrial output, of which the engineering sector accounts for 50% of output and exports. Agriculture accounts for only 2% of GDP and 2% of the jobs. The government's commitment to fiscal discipline resulted in a substantial budgetary surplus in 2001, which was cut by more than half in 2002, due to the global economic slowdown, declining revenue, and increased spending. The Swedish central bank (the Riksbank) is focusing on price stability with its inflation target of 2%. Growth remained sluggish in 2003. On September 14, 2003, Swedish voters turned down entry into the euro system, concerned about the impact on democracy and sovereignty.
Electricity - consumption 134.9 billion kWh (2001)
Electricity - exports 18.45 billion kWh (2001)
Electricity - imports 11.14 billion kWh (2001)
Electricity - production 152.9 billion kWh (2001)
Elevation extremes lowest point: reclaimed bay of Lake Hammarsjon, near Kristianstad -2.41 m


highest point: Kebnekaise 2,111 m
Environment - current issues acid rain damage to soils and lakes; pollution of the North Sea and the Baltic Sea
Environment - international agreements party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulfur 85, Air Pollution-Sulfur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling


signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Ethnic groups indigenous population: Swedes and Finnish and Sami minorities; foreign-born or first-generation immigrants: Finns, Yugoslavs, Danes, Norwegians, Greeks, Turks
Exchange rates Swedish kronor per US dollar - 8.0853 (2003), 9.7371 (2002), 10.3291 (2001), 9.1622 (2000), 8.2624 (1999)
Executive branch chief of state: King CARL XVI GUSTAF (since 19 September 1973); Heir Apparent Princess VICTORIA Ingrid Alice Desiree, daughter of the monarch (born 14 July 1977)


head of government: Prime Minister Goran PERSSON (since 21 March 1996)


cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the prime minister


elections: the monarchy is hereditary; following legislative elections, the prime minister is elected by the Parliament; election last held 15 September 2002 (next to be held NA September 2006)


election results: Goran PERSSON reelected prime minister with 131 out of 349 votes
Exports 18.45 billion kWh (2001)
Exports $102.8 billion f.o.b. (2003 est.)
Exports 0 cu m (2001 est.)
Exports 203,700 bbl/day (2001)
Exports - commodities machinery 35%, motor vehicles, paper products, pulp and wood, iron and steel products, chemicals
Exports - partners US 11.5%, Germany 10%, Norway 8.4%, UK 7.8%, Denmark 6.4%, Finland 5.7%, Netherlands 4.9%, France 4.9%, Belgium 4.5% (2003)
Fiscal year calendar year
Flag description blue with a golden yellow cross extending to the edges of the flag; the vertical part of the cross is shifted to the hoist side in the style of the Dannebrog (Danish flag)
GDP purchasing power parity - $238.3 billion (2003 est.)
GDP - composition by sector agriculture: 2%


industry: 29%


services: 69% (2001)
GDP - per capita purchasing power parity - $26,800 (2003 est.)
GDP - real growth rate 1.7% (2003 est.)
Geographic coordinates 62 00 N, 15 00 E
Geography - note strategic location along Danish Straits linking Baltic and North Seas
Heliports 2 (2003 est.)
Highways total: 212,402 km


paved: 166,523 km (including 1,499 km of expressways)


unpaved: 45,879 km (2000)
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%: 3.7%


highest 10%: 20.1% (1992)
Imports 11.14 billion kWh (2001)
Imports $83.27 billion f.o.b. (2003 est.)
Imports 968 million cu m (2001 est.)
Imports 553,100 bbl/day (2001)
Imports - commodities machinery, petroleum and petroleum products, chemicals, motor vehicles, iron and steel; foodstuffs, clothing
Imports - partners Germany 18.7%, Denmark 9%, UK 8%, Norway 8%, Netherlands 6.8%, Finland 5.6%, France 5.5%, Belgium 4.2% (2003)
Independence 6 June 1523 (Gustav VASA elected king)
Industrial production growth rate 1.9% (2003 est.)
Industries iron and steel, precision equipment (bearings, radio and telephone parts, armaments), wood pulp and paper products, processed foods, motor vehicles
Infant mortality rate total: 2.77 deaths/1,000 live births


male: 2.93 deaths/1,000 live births


female: 2.6 deaths/1,000 live births (2004 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 1.9% (2003 est.)
International organization participation AfDB, AsDB, Australia Group, BIS, CBSS, CE, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, EIB, ESA, EU, FAO, G- 6, G- 9, G-10, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, MIGA, MONUC, NAM (guest), NC, NEA, NIB, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OPCW, OSCE, Paris Club, PCA, PFP, UN, UNAMSIL, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNITAR, UNMEE, UNMIK, UNMIL, UNMISET, UNMOGIP, UNOMIG, UNTSO, UPU, WCO, WEU (observer), WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC
Irrigated land 1,150 sq km (1998 est.)
Judicial branch Supreme Court or Hogsta Domstolen (judges are appointed by the prime minister and the cabinet)
Labor force 4.449 million (2003 est.)
Labor force - by occupation agriculture 2%, industry 24%, services 74% (2000 est.)
Land boundaries total: 2,233 km


border countries: Finland 614 km, Norway 1,619 km
Land use arable land: 6.54%


permanent crops: 0.01%


other: 93.45% (2001)
Languages Swedish


note: small Sami- and Finnish-speaking minorities
Legal system civil law system influenced by customary law; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations
Legislative branch unicameral Parliament or Riksdag (349 seats; members are elected by popular vote on a proportional representation basis to serve four-year terms)


elections: last held 15 September 2002 (next to be held NA September 2006)


election results: percent of vote by party - Social Democrats 39.8%, Moderates 15.2%, Liberal Party 13.3%, Christian Democrats 9.1%, Left Party 8.3%, Center Party 6.1%, Greens 4.6%; seats by party - Social Democrats 144, Moderates 55, Liberal Party 48, Christian Democrats 33, Left Party 30, Center Party 22, Greens 17
Life expectancy at birth total population: 80.3 years


male: 78.12 years


female: 82.62 years (2004 est.)
Literacy definition: age 15 and over can read and write


total population: 99% (1979 est.)


male: NA


female: NA
Location Northern Europe, bordering the Baltic Sea, Gulf of Bothnia, Kattegat, and Skagerrak, between Finland and Norway
Map references Europe
Maritime claims territorial sea: 12 nm (adjustments made to return a portion of straits to high seas)


exclusive economic zone: agreed boundaries or midlines


continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation
Merchant marine total: 178 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 2,702,763 GRT/1,884,570 DWT


by type: bulk 7, cargo 36, chemical tanker 31, combination bulk 1, combination ore/oil 1, petroleum tanker 25, roll on/roll off 39, short-sea/passenger 8, specialized tanker 7, vehicle carrier 23


foreign-owned: Denmark 12, Finland 10, Germany 3, Italy 7, Japan 2, Netherlands 1, Norway 12, Russia 1


registered in other countries: 154 (2004 est.)
Military branches Army, Royal Navy, Air Force (Flygvapnet)
Military expenditures - dollar figure $4.395 billion (FY01)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP 2.1% (FY01)
Military manpower - availability males age 15-49: 2,082,776 (2004 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service males age 15-49: 1,821,394 (2004 est.)
Military manpower - reaching military age annually males: 56,859 (2004 est.)
National holiday Flag Day, 6 June
Nationality noun: Swede(s)


adjective: Swedish
Natural hazards ice floes in the surrounding waters, especially in the Gulf of Bothnia, can interfere with maritime traffic
Natural resources iron ore, copper, lead, zinc, gold, silver, tungsten, uranium, arsenic, feldspar, timber, hydropower
Net migration rate 1.67 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2004 est.)
Pipelines gas 798 km (2004)
Political parties and leaders Center Party [Maud OLOFSSON]; Christian Democratic Party [Goran HAGGLUND]; Green Party [no formal leader but party spokespersons are Maria WETTERSTRAND and Peter ERIKSSON]; Left Party or V (formerly Communist) [Lars OHLY]; Liberal People's Party [Lars LEIJONBORG]; Moderate Party (conservative) [Fredrik REINFELDT]; Social Democratic Party [Goran PERSSON]
Political pressure groups and leaders NA
Population 8,986,400 (July 2004 est.)
Population below poverty line NA
Population growth rate 0.18% (2004 est.)
Ports and harbors Gavle, Goteborg, Halmstad, Helsingborg, Hudiksvall, Kalmar, Karlshamn, Lulea, Malmo, Solvesborg, Stockholm, Sundsvall
Radio broadcast stations AM 1, FM 265, shortwave 1 (1998)
Railways total: 11,481 km


standard gauge: 11,481 km 1.435-m gauge (7,527 km electrified) (2003)
Religions Lutheran 87%, Roman Catholic, Orthodox, Baptist, Muslim, Jewish, Buddhist
Sex ratio at birth: 1.06 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.06 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 1.03 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.75 male(s)/female


total population: 0.98 male(s)/female (2004 est.)
Suffrage 18 years of age; universal
Telephone system general assessment: excellent domestic and international facilities; automatic system


domestic: coaxial and multiconductor cables carry most of the voice traffic; parallel microwave radio relay systems carry some additional telephone channels


international: country code - 46; 5 submarine coaxial cables; satellite earth stations - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean), 1 Eutelsat, and 1 Inmarsat (Atlantic and Indian Ocean regions); note - Sweden shares the Inmarsat earth station with the other Nordic countries (Denmark, Finland, Iceland, and Norway)
Telephones - main lines in use 6,579,200 (2002)
Telephones - mobile cellular 7.949 million (2002)
Television broadcast stations 169 (plus 1,299 repeaters) (1995)
Terrain mostly flat or gently rolling lowlands; mountains in west
Total fertility rate 1.66 children born/woman (2004 est.)
Unemployment rate 4.9% (2003 est.)
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