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Suriname (2005)

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Suriname 2005 year

 Suriname
Administrative divisions 10 districts (distrikten, singular - distrikt); Brokopondo, Commewijne, Coronie, Marowijne, Nickerie, Para, Paramaribo, Saramacca, Sipaliwini, Wanica
Age structure 0-14 years: 29.6% (male 66,537/female 63,182)


15-64 years: 64.2% (male 144,285/female 136,942)


65 years and over: 6.2% (male 12,092/female 15,106) (2005 est.)
Agriculture - products paddy rice, bananas, palm kernels, coconuts, plantains, peanuts; beef, chickens; forest products; shrimp
Airports 46 (2004 est.)
Airports - with paved runways total: 5


over 3,047 m: 1


under 914 m: 4 (2004 est.)
Airports - with unpaved runways total: 41


1,524 to 2,437 m: 1


914 to 1,523 m: 5


under 914 m: 35 (2004 est.)
Area total: 163,270 sq km


land: 161,470 sq km


water: 1,800 sq km
Area - comparative slightly larger than Georgia
Background Independence from the Netherlands was granted in 1975. Five years later the civilian government was replaced by a military regime that soon declared a socialist republic. It continued to rule through a succession of nominally civilian administrations until 1987, when international pressure finally forced a democratic election. In 1989, the military overthrew the civilian government, but a democratically-elected government returned to power in 1991.
Birth rate 18.39 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Budget revenues: $400 million


expenditures: $440 million, including capital expenditures of $34 million (2003)
Capital Paramaribo
Climate tropical; moderated by trade winds
Coastline 386 km
Constitution ratified 30 September 1987
Country name conventional long form: Republic of Suriname


conventional short form: Suriname


local long form: Republiek Suriname


local short form: Suriname


former: Netherlands Guiana, Dutch Guiana
Death rate 7.16 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Debt - external $321 million (2002 est.)
Diplomatic representation from the US chief of mission: Ambassador Marsha E. BARNES


embassy: Dr. Sophie Redmondstraat 129, Paramaribo


mailing address: Department of State, 3390 Paramaribo Place, Washington, DC, 20521-3390


telephone: [597] 472900


FAX: [597] 420800
Diplomatic representation in the US chief of mission: Ambassador Henry Lothar ILLES


chancery: Suite 460, 4301 Connecticut Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008


telephone: [1] (202) 244-7488


FAX: [1] (202) 244-5878


consulate(s) general: Miami
Disputes - international area claimed by French Guiana between Riviere Litani and Riviere Marouini (both headwaters of the Lawa); Suriname claims a triangle of land between the New and Kutari/Koetari rivers in a historic dispute over the headwaters of the Courantyne; Guyana seeks UNCLOS arbitration to resolve the long-standing dispute with Suriname over the axis of the territorial sea boundary in potentially oil-rich waters
Economic aid - recipient Netherlands provided $37 million for project and program assistance, European Development Fund $4 million, Belgium $2 million (1998)
Economy - overview The economy is dominated by the alumina industry, which accounts for more than 15% of GDP and 70% of export earnings. Suriname's economic prospects for the medium term will depend on continued commitment to responsible monetary and fiscal policies and to the introduction of structural reforms to liberalize markets and promote competition. The government of Ronald VENETIAAN has begun an austerity program, raised taxes, and attempted to control spending. While - in 2002 - President VENETIAAN agreed to a large pay raise for civil servants, threatening his earlier gains in stabilizing the economy, he has not repeated this promise in the run-up to the May 2005 elections. The Dutch Government has agreed to restart the aid flow, which will allow Suriname to access international development financing, but plans to phase out funds over the next five years. The short-term economic outlook depends on the government's ability to control inflation and on the development of projects in the bauxite and gold mining sectors. Prospects for local onshore oil production are good, as a drilling program is underway. Offshore oil drilling was given a boost in 2004 when the State Oil Company (Staatsolie) signed exploration agreements with Repsol and Mearsk.
Electricity - consumption 1.845 billion kWh (2002)
Electricity - exports 0 kWh (2002)
Electricity - imports 0 kWh (2002)
Electricity - production 1.984 billion kWh (2002)
Elevation extremes lowest point: unnamed location in the coastal plain -2 m


highest point: Juliana Top 1,230 m
Environment - current issues deforestation as timber is cut for export; pollution of inland waterways by small-scale mining activities
Environment - international agreements party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands


signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Ethnic groups Hindustani (also known locally as "East Indians"; their ancestors emigrated from northern India in the latter part of the 19th century) 37%, Creole (mixed white and black) 31%, Javanese 15%, "Maroons" (their African ancestors were brought to the country in the 17th and 18th centuries as slaves and escaped to the interior) 10%, Amerindian 2%, Chinese 2%, white 1%, other 2%
Exchange rates Surinamese dollars per US dollar - 2.7336 (2004), Surinamese guilders per US dollar - 2.6013 (2003), 2.3468 (2002), 2.1785 (2001), 1.3225 (2000)


note: during 1998, the exchange rate splintered into four distinct rates; in January 1999 the government floated the guilder, but subsequently fixed it when the black-market rate plunged; in January 2004, the government introduced the Surinamese dollar as replacement for the guilder, tied to a US dollar-dominated currency basket
Executive branch chief of state: President Runaldo Ronald VENETIAAN (since 12 August 2000); Vice President Jules Rattankoemar AJODHIA (since 12 August 2000); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government


head of government: President Runaldo Ronald VENETIAAN (since 12 August 2000); Vice President Jules Rattankoemar AJODHIA (since 12 August 2000); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government


cabinet: Cabinet of Ministers appointed by the president from among the members of the National Assembly


elections: president and vice president elected by the National Assembly or, if no presidential or vice presidential candidate receives a a two-thirds constitutional majority in the National Assembly after two votes, by a simple majority in the larger People's United Assembly (869 representatives from the national, local, and regional councils), for five-year terms; election last held 25 May 2005 (next to be held 25 May 2010)
Exports 0 kWh (2002)
Exports $495 million f.o.b. (2002)
Exports 1,370 bbl/day (2003)
Exports - commodities alumina, crude oil, lumber, shrimp and fish, rice, bananas
Exports - partners Norway 29.3%, US 15.1%, Canada 12.5%, Belgium 10.2%, France 8.4%, UAE 6.1%, Iceland 4.3% (2004)
Fiscal year calendar year
Flag description five horizontal bands of green (top, double width), white, red (quadruple width), white, and green (double width); there is a large, yellow, five-pointed star centered in the red band
GDP - composition by sector agriculture: 13%


industry: 22%


services: 65% (2001 est.)
GDP - per capita purchasing power parity - $4,300 (2004 est.)
GDP - real growth rate 4.2% (2004 est.)
Geographic coordinates 4 00 N, 56 00 W
Geography - note smallest independent country on South American continent; mostly tropical rain forest; great diversity of flora and fauna that, for the most part, is increasingly threatened by new development; relatively small population, mostly along the coast
Highways total: 4,492 km


paved: 1,168 km


unpaved: 3,324 km (2002)
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%: NA%


highest 10%: NA%
Illicit drugs growing transshipment point for South American drugs destined for Europe and Brazil; transshipment point for arms-for-drugs dealing
Imports 0 kWh (2002)
Imports $604 million f.o.b. (2002)
Imports 1,644 bbl/day (2003)
Imports - commodities capital equipment, petroleum, foodstuffs, cotton, consumer goods
Imports - partners US 26.2%, Netherlands 19.3%, Trinidad and Tobago 13.5%, Japan 6.6%, China 4.6%, Brazil 4.2% (2004)
Independence 25 November 1975 (from Netherlands)
Industrial production growth rate 6.5% (1994 est.)
Industries bauxite and gold mining, alumina production, oil, lumbering, food processing, fishing
Infant mortality rate total: 23.57 deaths/1,000 live births


male: 27.57 deaths/1,000 live births


female: 19.37 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 23% (2003 est.)
International organization participation ACP, Caricom, CSN, FAO, G-77, IADB, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDB, IFAD, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, ITU, LAES, MIGA, NAM, OAS, OIC, OPANAL, OPCW, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
Irrigated land 490 sq km (1998 est.)
Judicial branch Cantonal Courts and a Court of Justice as an appellate court (justices are nominated for life)
Labor force 104,000 (2003)
Labor force - by occupation agriculture NA%, industry NA%, services NA%
Land boundaries total: 1,707 km


border countries: Brazil 597 km, French Guiana 510 km, Guyana 600 km
Land use arable land: 0.37%


permanent crops: 0.06%


other: 99.57% (2001)
Languages Dutch (official), English (widely spoken), Sranang Tongo (Surinamese, sometimes called Taki-Taki, is native language of Creoles and much of the younger population and is lingua franca among others), Hindustani (a dialect of Hindi), Javanese
Legal system based on Dutch legal system incorporating French penal theory
Legislative branch unicameral National Assembly or Nationale Assemblee (51 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)


elections: last held 25 May 2005 (next to be held May 2010)


election results: percent of vote by party - NF 41.2%, NDP 23.1%, VVV 14.5%, A-Com 7.3%, A1 6.2%, other 5.9%; seats by party - NF 23, NDP 15, VVV 5, A-Com 5, A1 3
Life expectancy at birth total population: 68.96 years


male: 66.75 years


female: 71.27 years (2005 est.)
Literacy definition: age 15 and over can read and write


total population: 88%


male: 92.3%


female: 84.1% (2000 est.)
Location Northern South America, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, between French Guiana and Guyana
Map references South America
Maritime claims territorial sea: 12 nm


exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
Merchant marine total: 1 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 1,078 GRT/1,214 DWT


by type: cargo 1 (2005)
Military branches National Army (includes small Navy and Air Force elements)
Military expenditures - dollar figure $7.5 million (2003)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP 0.7% (2003)
National holiday Independence Day, 25 November (1975)
Nationality noun: Surinamer(s)


adjective: Surinamese
Natural hazards NA
Natural resources timber, hydropower, fish, kaolin, shrimp, bauxite, gold, and small amounts of nickel, copper, platinum, iron ore
Net migration rate -8.78 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Pipelines oil 51 km (2004)
Political parties and leaders A-Combinatie (coalition of Brotherhood and Unity in Politics or BEP [Caprino ALENDY], General Interior Development Party or ABOP [Ronnie BRUNSWIJK], Progressive Laborers and Farmers Union or PALU [Jim HOK], Seeka [Paul ABENA]); Alternative-1 or A-1 (a coalition of Democratic Alternative 1991 or DA-91 [Winston JESSURUN], Democrats of the 21st Century or D-21 [Soewarto MOESTADJA], Nieuw Suriname or NS [Radjen Nanan PANDAY], Political Wing of the FAL or PVF [Jiwan SITAL], Trefpunt 2000 or T-2000 [Arti JESSURUN]); National Democratic Party or NDP [Desire BOUTERSE]; New Front for Democracy and Development or NF (a coalition includes National Party Suriname or NPS (Ronald VENETIAAN], United Reform Party or VHP [Ram SARDJOE], Pertjaja Luhur or PL [Salam Paul SOMOHARDJO], Surinamese Labor Party or SPA [Siegfried GILDS]); Party for Democracy and Development in Unity or DOE [Marten Schalkwijk]; People's Alliance for Progress or VVV (a coalition of Democratic National Platform 2000 or DNP-2000 [Jules WIJDENBOSCH], Grassroots Party for Renewal and Democracy or BVD [Tjan GOBARDHAN], Party for National Unity and Solidarity of the Highest Order or KTPI [Willy SOEMITA], Party for Progression, Justice, and Perserverance or PPRS [Renee KAIMAN], Pendawalima or PL [Raymond SAPOEN]); Union of Progressive Surinamers or UPS [Sheoradj PANDAY]
Political pressure groups and leaders Association of Indigenous Village Chiefs [Ricardo PANE]; Association of Saramaccan Authorities or Maroon [Head Captain WASE]; Women's Parliament Forum or PVF [Iris GILLIAD]
Population 438,144 (July 2005 est.)
Population below poverty line 70% (2002 est.)
Population growth rate 0.25% (2005 est.)
Ports and harbors Paramaribo
Radio broadcast stations AM 4, FM 13, shortwave 1 (1998)
Religions Hindu 27.4%, Protestant 25.2% (predominantly Moravian), Roman Catholic 22.8%, Muslim 19.6%, indigenous beliefs 5%
Sex ratio at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 1.05 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.8 male(s)/female


total population: 1.04 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
Suffrage 18 years of age; universal
Telephone system general assessment: international facilities are good


domestic: microwave radio relay network


international: country code - 597; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)
Telephones - main lines in use 79,800 (2003)
Telephones - mobile cellular 168,100 (2003)
Television broadcast stations 3 (plus seven repeaters) (2000)
Terrain mostly rolling hills; narrow coastal plain with swamps
Total fertility rate 2.34 children born/woman (2005 est.)
Unemployment rate 17% (2000)
Waterways 1,200 km (most navigable by ships with drafts up to 7 m) (2003)
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