Stany Zjednoczone (2003)
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Stany Zjednoczone 2003 roku
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Stany Zjednoczone 2003 roku
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| Podzial administracyjny | 50 states and 1 district*; Alabama, Alaska, Arizona, Arkansas, California, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, District of Columbia*, Florida, Georgia, Hawaii, Idaho, Illinois, Indiena, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Meksyk, New York, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Vermont, Virginia, Washington, West Virginia, Wisconsin, Wyoming |
| Struktura wiekowa | 0-14 years: 20.9% (male 31,098,473; female 29,675,712)
15-64 years: 66.7% (male 96,628,469; female 97,061,559) 65 years and over: 12.4% (male 14,888,185; female 20,990,156) (2003 est.) |
| Rolinictwo | wheat, corn, other grains, fruits, vegetables, cotton; beef, pork, poultry, dairy products; forest products; fish |
| Lotniska | 14,801 (2002) |
| Lotniska z utwardzonymi pasami | total: 5,131
over 3,047 m: 185 2,438 to 3,047 m: 222 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1,365 914 to 1,523 m: 2,390 under 914 m: 969 (2002) |
| Lotniska z nieutwardzonymi pasami | total: 9,670
over 3,047 m: 1 2,438 to 3,047 m: 7 1,524 to 2,437 m: 158 914 to 1,523 m: 1,702 under 914 m: 7,802 (2002) |
| Terytorium | total: 9,629,091 sq km
land: 9,158,960 sq km water: 470,131 sq km note: includes only the 50 states and District of Columbia |
| Terytorium - porownanie wielkosci | about half the size of Rosja; about three-tenths the size of Africa; about half the size of South America (or slightly larger than Brazylia); slightly larger than Chiny; about two and a half times the size of Western Europe |
| Tlo historyczne | Britain's American colonies broke z the mother country w 1776 and were recognized as the new nation of the Stany Zjednoczone of America following the Treaty of Paris w 1783. During the 19th and 20th centuries, 37 new states were added to the original 13 as the nation expanded across the North American continent and acquired a number of overseas possessions. The two most traumatic experiences w the nation's history were the Civil War (1861-65) and the Great Depression of the 1930s. Buoyed by victories w Swiat Wars I and II and the end of the Cold War w 1991, the US remains the world's most powerful nation-state. The economy is marked by steady growth, low unemployment and inflation, and rapid advances w technology. |
| Wspolczynnik narodzin | 14.14 births/1,000 population (2003 est.) |
| Budzet | revenues: $1.946 trillion
expenditures: $2.052 trillion, including capital expenditures of NA (2002 est.) |
| Stolica | Washington, DC |
| Klimat | mostly temperate, but tropical w Hawaii and Florida, arctic w Alaska, semiarid w the great plains west of the Mississippi River, and arid w the Great Basin of the southwest; low winter temperatures w the northwest are ameliorated occasionally w styczen and luty by warm chinook winds from the eastern slopes of the Rocky Mountains |
| Linia brzegowa | 19,924 km |
| Konstytucja | 17 wrzesien 1787, effective 4 marzec 1789 |
| Nazwa panstwa | conventional long form: Stany Zjednoczone of America
conventional short form: Stany Zjednoczone abbreviation: US or USA |
| Waluta | US dollar (USD) |
| Wspolczynnik zgonow | 8.44 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.) |
| Zadluzenie - zewnetrzne | $862 billion (1995 est.) |
| Zalezne tereny | Samoa Amerykanskie, Wyspa Baker, Guam, Howland, Jarvis, Johnston, Kingman, Midway, Navassa, Mariany Polnocne, Palmyra, Portoryko, Wyspy Dziewicze, Wake
note: from 18 lipiec 1947 until 1 pazdziernik 1994, the US administered the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, but recently entered into a new political relationship z all four political units: the Mariany Polnocne is a commonwealth w political union z the US (effective 3 listopad 1986); Palau concluded a Compact of Free Association z the US (effective 1 pazdziernik 1994); the Federated States of Micronesia signed a Compact of Free Association z the US (effective 3 listopad 1986); the Republic of the Wyspy Marshalla signed a Compact of Free Association z the US (effective 21 pazdziernik 1986) |
| Miedzynarodowe dyskusje | prolonged drought w the Meksyk border region has strained water-sharing arrangements; 1990 Maritime Boundary Agreement w the Bering Sea awaits Rosjan Duma ratification; maritime boundary disputes z Kanada at Dixon Entrance, Beaufort Sea, Strait of Juan de Fuca, and around the disputed Machias Seal Island and North Rock; The Bahamas have not been able to agree on a maritime boundary; US Naval Base at Guantanamo Bay is leased from Kuba and only mutual agreement or US abandonment of the area can terminate the lease; Haiti claims Navassa; US has made no territorial claim w Antarktyda (but has reserved the right to do so) and does not recognize the claims of any other state; Wyspy Marshalla claims Wake |
| Ekonomiczna pomoc - udzielanie | ODA, $6.9 billion (1997) |
| Ekonomia | The US has the largest and most technologically powerful economy w the world, z a per capita Produkt krajowy brutto of $37,600. In this market-oriented economy, private individuals and business firms make most of the decisions, and the federal and state governments buy needed goods and services predominantly w the private marketplace. US business firms enjoy considerably greater flexibility than their counterparts w Western Europe and Japonia w decisions to expand capital plant, lay off surplus workers, and develop new products. At the same time, they face higher barriers to entry w their rivals' home markets than the barriers to entry of foreign firms w US markets. US firms are at or near the forefront w technological advances, especially w computers and w medical, aerospace, and military equipment, although their advantage has narrowed since the end of Swiat War II. The onrush of technology largely explains the gradual development of a "two-tier labor market" w which those at the bottom lack the education and the professional/technical skills of those at the top and, more and more, fail to get comparable pay raises, health insurance coverage, and other benefits. Since 1975, practically all the gains w household income have gone to the top 20% of households. The years 1994-2000 witnessed solid increases w real output, low inflation rates, and a drop w unemployment to below 5%. The year 2001 saw the end of boom psychology and performance, z output increasing only 0.3% and unemployment and business failures rising substantially. The response to the terrorist attacks of 11 wrzesien 2001 showed the remarkable resilience of the economy. Moderate recovery took place w 2002, z the Produkt krajowy brutto growth rate rising to 2.45%. A major short-term problem w first half 2002 was a sharp decline w the stock market, fueled w part by the exposure of dubious accounting practices w some major corporations. The war w marzec/kwiecien 2003 between a US-led coalition and Irak shifted resources to military industries and introduced uncertainties about investment and employment w other sectors of the economy. Long-term problems include inadequate investment w economic infrastructure, rapidly rising medical and pension costs of an aging population, sizable trade deficits, and stagnation of family income w the lower economic groups. |
| Elektrycznosc - konsumpcja | 3.602 trillion kWh (2001) |
| Elektrycznosc - eksport | 18.17 billion kWh (2001) |
| Elektrycznosc - import | 38.48 billion kWh (2001) |
| Elektrycznosc - produkcja | 3.719 trillion kWh (2001) |
| Elektrycznosc - zrodla energii | fossil fuel: 71.4%
hydro: 5.6% nuclear: 20.7% other: 2.3% (2001) |
| Skrajne punkty wysokosci | lowest point: Death Valley -86 m
highest point: Mount McKinley 6,194 m |
| Srodowisko - obecne problemy | air pollution resulting w acid rain w both the US and Kanada; the US is the largest single emitter of carbon dioxide from the burning of fossil fuels; water pollution from runoff of pesticides and fertilizers; very limited natural fresh water resources w much of the western part of the country require careful management; desertification |
| Srodowisko - miedzynarodowe umowy | party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Seals, Antarctic Treaty, Klimat Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling
signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Biodiversity, Klimat Change-Kyoto Protocol, Hazardous Wastes |
| Grupy etniczne | white 77.1%, black 12.9%, Asian 4.2%, Amerindian and Alaska native 1.5%, native Hawaiian and other Pacific islander 0.3%, other 4% (2000)
note: a separate listing dla Hispanic is not included because the US Census Bureau considers Hispanic to mean a person of Latin American descent (including persons of Kuban, Mexican, or Puerto Rican origin) living w the US who may be of any race or ethnic group (white, black, Asian, etc.) |
| Kurs waluty | British pounds per US dollar - 0.6661 (2002), 0.6944 (2001), 0.6596 (2000), 0.6180 (1999), 0.6037 (1998), Canadian dollars per US dollar - 1.5693 (2002), 1.5488 (2001), 1.4851 (2000), 1.4857 (1999), 1.4835 (1998), Japoniaese yen per US dollar - 125.39 (2002), 121.53 (2001), 107.77 (2000), 113.91 (1999), 130.91 (1998), euros per US dollar - 1.0626 (2002), 1.1175 (2001), 1.08540 (2000), 0.93863 (1999)
note: financial institutions w Francja, Wlochy, and Niemcy and eight other European countries started using the euro on 1 styczen 1999 z the euro replacing the local currency w consenting countries dla all transactions w 2002 |
| Wladza wykonawcza | chief of state: President George W. BUSH (since 20 styczen 2001) and Vice President Richard B. CHENEY (since 20 styczen 2001); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government
head of government: President George W. BUSH (since 20 styczen 2001) and Vice President Richard B. CHENEY (since 20 styczen 2001); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president z Senate approval elections: president and vice president elected on the same ticket by a college of representatives who are elected directly from each state; president and vice president serve four-year terms; election last held 7 listopad 2000 (next to be held 2 listopad 2004) election results: George W. BUSH elected president; percent of popular vote - George W. BUSH (Republican Party) 48%, Albert A. GORE, Jr. (Democratic Party) 48%, Ralph NADER (Green Party) 3%, other 1% |
| Eksport | 18.17 billion kWh (2001) |
| Eksport | $687 billion f.o.b. (2002 est.) |
| Eksport | 11.16 billion cu m (2001 est.) |
| Eksport | NA (2001) |
| Eksport - towary | capital goods, automobiles, industrial supplies and raw materials, consumer goods, agricultural products |
| Eksport - partnerzy | Kanada 23.2%, Meksyk 14.1%, Japonia 7.4%, UK 4.8% (2002) |
| Rok podatkowy | 1 pazdziernik - 30 wrzesien |
| Opis flagi | thirteen equal horizontal stripes of red (top and bottom) alternating z white; there is a blue rectangle w the upper hoist-side corner bearing 50 small, white, five-pointed stars arranged w nine offset horizontal rows of six stars (top and bottom) alternating z rows of five stars; the 50 stars represent the 50 states, the 13 stripes represent the 13 original colonies; known as Old Glory; the design and colors have been the basis dla a number of other flags, including Chile, Liberia, Malezja, and Portoryko |
| Produkt krajowy brutto | purchasing power parity - $10.45 trillion (2002 est.) |
| Produkt krajowy brutto - podzial wg galezi przemyslu | agriculture: 2%
industry: 18% services: 80% (2002 est.) |
| Produkt krajowy brutto - per capita | purchasing power parity - $36,300 (2002 est.) |
| Produkt krajowy brutto - realny wspolczynnik wzrostu | 2.4% (2002 est.) |
| Koordynaty geograficzne | 38 00 N, 97 00 W |
| Polozenie geograficzne | world's third-largest country by size (after Rosja and Kanada) and by population (after Chiny and Indie); Mt. McKinley is highest point w North America and Death Valley the lowest point on the continent |
| Ladowiska helikopterow | 149 (2002) |
| Autostrady | total: 6,334,859 km
paved: 3,737,567 km (including 89,426 km of expressways) unpaved: 2,597,292 km (2000) |
| Domowy dochód albo konsumpcja wg podzialu procentowego | lowest 10%: 1.8%
highest 10%: 30.5% (1997) |
| Narkotyki | consumer of cocaine shipped from Kolumbia through Meksyk and the Caribbean; consumer of heroin, marijuana, and increasingly methamphetamine from Meksyk; consumer of high-quality Southeast Asian heroin; illicit producer of cannabis, marijuana, depressants, stimulants, hallucinogens, and methamphetamine; money-laundering center |
| Import | 38.48 billion kWh (2001) |
| Import | $1.165 trillion f.o.b. (2002 est.) |
| Import | 114.1 billion cu m (2001 est.) |
| Import | NA (2001) |
| Import - towary | crude oil and refined petroleum products, machinery, automobiles, consumer goods, industrial raw materials, food and beverages |
| Import - partnerzy | Kanada 17.8%, Meksyk 11.3%, Chiny 11.1%, Japonia 10.4%, Niemcy 5.3% (2002) |
| Niepodleglosc | 4 lipiec 1776 (from Great Britain) |
| Wspolczynnik wzrostu produkcji w przemysle | -0.4% (2002 est.) |
| Przemysl | leading industrial power w the world, highly diversified and technologically advanced; petroleum, steel, motor vehicles, aerospace, telecommunications, chemicals, electronics, food processing, consumer goods, lumber, mining |
| Wspolczynnik umieralnosci noworodkow | total: 6.75 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 7.46 deaths/1,000 live births female: 6.02 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.) |
| Inflacja | 1.6% (2002) |
| Czlonek miedzynarodowych organizacji | AfDB, ANZUS, APEC, ARF (dialogue partner), AsDB, ASEAN (dialogue partner), Australia Group, BIS, CE (observer), CERN (observer), CP, EAPC, EBRD, ECE, ECLAC, ESCAP, FAO, G-5, G-7, G- 8, G-10, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt (signatory), ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, MINURSO, MIPONUH, NAM (guest), NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS, OECD, OPCW, OSCE, PCA, SPC, UN, UN Security Council, UNCTAD, UNHCR, UNIKOM, UNITAR, UNMEE, UNMIBH, UNMIK, UNMISET, UNMOVIC, UNOMIG, UNRWA, UNTSO, UNU, UPU, WCL, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTrO, ZC |
| Dostawcy internetu | 7,000 (2002 est.) |
| Nawadniane tereny | 214,000 sq km (1998 est.) |
| Sadownictwo | Supreme Court (its nine justices are appointed dla life by the president z confirmation by the Senate); Stany Zjednoczone Courts of Appeal; Stany Zjednoczone District Courts; State and County Courts |
| Sila robocza | 141.8 million (includes unemployed) (2001) |
| Sila robocza - wg galezi gospodarki | managerial and professional 31%, technical, sales and administrative support 28.9%, services 13.6%, manufacturing, mining, transportation, and crafts 24.1%, farming, forestry, and fishing 2.4%
note: figures exclude the unemployed (2001) |
| Granica | total: 12,034 km
border countries: Kanada 8,893 km (including 2,477 km z Alaska), Meksyk 3,141 km note: US Naval Base at Guantanamo Bay, Kuba is leased by the US and thus remains part of Kuba; the base boundary is 29 km |
| Zagospodarowanie terenu | arable land: 19.32%
permanent crops: 0.22% other: 80.46% (1998 est.) |
| Jezyki | English, Spanish (spoken by a sizable minority) |
| System prawny | based on English common law; judicial review of legislative acts; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, z reservations |
| Wladza ustawodawcza | bicameral Congress consists of the Senate (100 seats, one-third are renewed every two years; two members are elected from each state by popular vote to serve six-year terms) and the House of Representatives (435 seats; members are directly elected by popular vote to serve two-year terms)
elections: Senate - last held 5 listopad 2002 (next to be held NA listopad 2004); House of Representatives - last held 5 listopad 2002 (next to be held NA listopad 2004) election results: Senate - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - Republican Party 51, Democratic Party 48, independent 1; House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - Republican Party 226, Democratic Party 204, independent 1, undecided 4 |
| Zywotnosc | total population: 77.14 years
male: 74.37 years female: 80.05 years (2003 est.) |
| Pismienni | definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 97% male: 97% female: 97% (1979 est.) |
| Lokalizacja | North America, bordering both the North Ocean Atlantycki and the North Ocean Spokojny, between Kanada and Meksyk |
| Lokalizacja na mapie | North America |
| Morskie obszary | contiguous zone: 24 NM
continental shelf: not specified exclusive economic zone: 200 NM territorial sea: 12 NM |
| Flota handlowa | total: 348 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 9,414,676 GRT/12,207,346 DWT
ships by type: barge carrier 2, bulk 71, cargo 26, chemical tanker 13, combination bulk 2, combination ore/oil 1, container 79, freighter 15, heavy lift carrier 3, passenger/cargo 1, petroleum tanker 73, refrigerated cargo 3, roll on/roll off 46, short-sea passenger 2, specialized tanker 2, vehicle carrier 9 note: includes some foreign-owned ships registered here as a flag of convenience: Australia 1, Kanada 4, Dania 15, Francja 1, Niemcy 1, Holandia 3, Norwegia 7, Portoryko 4, Singapur 11, Szwecja 1, Wielka Brytania 3; also, the US owns 549 additional ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 29,616,347 DWT that operate under the registries of Antigua i Barbuda, Australia, The Bahamas, Belize, Bermudy, Kambodza, Kanada, Kajmany, Cypr, Finlandia, Gibraltar, Hong Kong (Chiny), Indonezja, Wyspa Man, Wlochy, Liberia, Malta, Wyspy Marshalla, Holandia, Norwegia, Norwegia (NIS), Panama, Peru, Filipiny, Saint Vincent i Grenadyny, Singapur, Tonga, UK, Vanuatu, and Wallis i Futuna (2002 est.) |
| Wojsko - uwagi | note: 2002 estimates dla military manpower are based on projections that do not take into consideration the results of the 2000 census |
| Wojsko | Army, Navy and Marine Corps, Air Force, and Coast Guard (Coast Guard administered w peacetime by the Department of Homeland Security but w wartime reports to the Department of the Navy) |
| Wojska - wydatki (w dolarach) | $276.7 billion (FY99 est.) |
| Wojsko - wydatki (procent PKB) | 3.2% (FY99 est.) |
| Wojsko - zasoby ludzkie (w wieku poborowym) | males age 15-49: 73,597,731 (2003 est.) |
| Wojsko - zasoby ludzkie (zdolni do sluzby wojskowej) | NA |
| Wojsko - zasoby ludzkie (wiek zolniezy) | 18 years of age (2003 est.) |
| Wojsko - zasoby ludzkie (osoby osiagajace wiek poborowy w ciagu roku) | males: 2,116,002 (2003 est.) |
| Swieto narodowe | Niepodleglosc Day, 4 lipiec (1776) |
| Narodowosc | noun: American(s)
adjective: American |
| Naturalne zagrozenia | tsunamis, volcanoes, and earthquake activity around Pacific Basin; hurricanes along the Atlantic and Gulf of Meksyk coasts; tornadoes w the midwest and southeast; mud slides w California; forest fires w the west; flooding; permafrost w northern Alaska, a major impediment to development |
| Surowce naturalne | coal, copper, lead, molybdenum, phosphates, uranium, bauxite, gold, iron, mercury, nickel, potash, silver, tungsten, zinc, petroleum, natural gas, timber |
| Wspolczynnik migracji | 3.52 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2003 est.) |
| Ludzie - uwagi | data dla the US are based on projections that do not take into consideration the results of the 2000 census |
| Rurociagi | petroleum products 244,620 km; natural gas 548,665 km (2003) |
| Partie polityczne i przywodcy | Democratic Party [Terence McAULIFFE]; Green Party [leader NA]; Libertarian Party [Steve DASBACH]; Republican Party [Governor Marc RACICOT] |
| Przesladowania polityczne ugrupowan oraz liderow | NA |
| Ludnosc | 290,342,554 (lipiec 2003 est.) |
| Ludnosc zyjaca na skraju ubostwa | 12.7% (2001 est.) |
| Przyrost naturalny | 0.92% (2003 est.) |
| Porty i stocznie | Anchorage, Baltimore, Boston, Charleston, Chicago, Duluth, Hampton Roads, Honolulu, Houston, Jacksonville, Los Angeles, New Orleans, New York, Philadelphia, Port Canaveral, Portland (Oregon), Prudhoe Bay, San Francisco, Savannah, Seattle, Tampa, Toledo |
| Stacje radiowe | AM 4,762, FM 5,542, shortwave 18 (1998) |
| Linie kolejowe | total: 194,731 km mainline routes
standard gauge: 194,731 km 1.435-m gauge note: represents the aggregate length of roadway of all line-haul railroads including an estimate dla class II and III railroads; excludes 135,185 km of yard tracks, sidings, and parallel lines (2000) |
| Religie | Protestant 56%, Roman Catholic 28%, Jewish 2%, other 4%, none 10% (1989) |
| Wspolczynnik plci | at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.71 male(s)/female total population: 0.97 male(s)/female (2003 est.) |
| Prawo wyborcze | 18 years of age; universal |
| System telefoniczny | general assessment: a very large, technologically advanced, multipurpose communications system
domestic: a large system of fiber-optic cable, microwave radio relay, coaxial cable, and domestic satellites carries every form of telephone traffic; a rapidly growing cellular system carries mobile telephone traffic throughout the country international: 24 ocean cable systems w use; satellite earth stations - 61 Intelsat (45 Ocean Atlantycki and 16 Ocean Spokojny), 5 Intersputnik (Ocean Atlantycki region), and 4 Inmarsat (Pacific and Ocean Atlantycki regions) (2000) |
| Telefony - wykorzystywane linie telefoniczne | 194 million (1997) |
| Telefony komorkowe | 69.209 million (1998) |
| Stacje telewizyjne | more than 1,500 (including nearly 1,000 stations affiliated z the five major networks - NBC, ABC, CBS, FOX, and PBS; w addition, there are about 9,000 cable TV systems) (1997) |
| Uksztaltowanie terenu | vast central plain, mountains w west, hills and low mountains w east; rugged mountains and broad river valleys w Alaska; rugged, volcanic topography w Hawaii |
| Wspolczynnik nardzin przypadajacy na kobiety | 2.07 children born/woman (2003 est.) |
| Wspolczynnik bezrobocia | 5.8% (2002) |
| Drogi wodne | 41,009 km
note: navigable inland channels, exclusive of the Great Lakes |
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