Maldives (2002)

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Maldives 2002 year


Administrative divisions	19 atolls (atholhu, singular and plural) and 1 other first-order administrative division; Alifu, Baa, Dhaalu, Faafu, Gaafu Alifu, Gaafu Dhaalu, Gnaviyani, Haa Alifu, Haa Dhaalu, Kaafu, Laamu, Lhaviyani, Maale, Meemu, Noonu, Raa, Seenu, Shaviyani, Thaa, Vaavu
Age structure	0-14 years: 45.3% (male 74,493; female 70,394) 15-64 years: 51.7% (male 84,548; female 81,092) 65 years and over: 3% (male 4,944; female 4,694) (2002 est.)
Agriculture - products	coconuts, corn, sweet potatoes; fish
Airports	5 (2001)
Airports - with paved runways	total: 2 over 3,047 m: 1 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 (2002)
Airports - with unpaved runways	total: 3 914 to 1,523 m: 3 (2002)
Area	total: 300 sq km land: 300 sq km water: 0 sq km
Area - comparative	about 1.7 times the size of Washington, DC
Background	The Maldives were long a sultanate, first under Dutch and then under British protection. They became a republic in 1968, three years after independence. Tourism and fishing are being developed on the archipelago.
Birth rate	37.41 births/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Budget	revenues: $166 million (excluding foreign grants) expenditures: $192 million, including capital expenditures of $80 million
Capital	Male
Climate	tropical; hot, humid; dry, northeast monsoon (November to March); rainy, southwest monsoon (June to August)
Coastline	644 km
Constitution	adopted January 1998
Country name	conventional long form: Republic of Maldives conventional short form: Maldives local long form: Dhivehi Raajjeyge Jumhooriyyaa local short form: Dhivehi Raajje
Currency	rufiyaa (MVR)
Death rate	7.86 deaths/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Debt - external	$237 million (2000 est.)
Diplomatic representation from the US	the US does not have an embassy in Maldives; the US Ambassador to Sri Lanka is accredited to Maldives and makes periodic visits there
Diplomatic representation in the US	Maldives does not have an embassy in the US, but does have a Permanent Mission to the UN in New York; permanent representative is Dr. Mohamed LATHEEF
Disputes - international	none
Economic aid - recipient	$NA
Economy - overview	Tourism, Maldives largest industry, accounts for 20% of GDP and more than 60% of the Maldives' foreign exchange receipts. Over 90% of government tax revenue comes from import duties and tourism-related taxes. Almost 400,000 tourists visited the islands in 1998. Fishing is a second leading sector. The Maldivian Government began an economic reform program in 1989 initially by lifting import quotas and opening some exports to the private sector. Subsequently, it has liberalized regulations to allow more foreign investment. Agriculture and manufacturing continue to play a minor role in the economy, constrained by the limited availability of cultivable land and the shortage of domestic labor. Most staple foods must be imported. Industry, which consists mainly of garment production, boat building, and handicrafts, accounts for about 18% of GDP. Maldivian authorities worry about the impact of erosion and possible global warming on their low-lying country; 80% of the area is one meter or less above sea level.
Electricity - consumption	102.3 million kWh (2000)
Electricity - exports	0 kWh (2000)
Electricity - imports	0 kWh (2000)
Electricity - production	110 million kWh (2000)
Electricity - production by source	fossil fuel: 100% hydro: 0% nuclear: 0% other: 0% (2000)
Elevation extremes	lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m highest point: unnamed location on Wilingili island in the Addu Atoll 2.4 m
Environment - current issues	depletion of freshwater aquifers threatens water supplies; global warming and sea level rise; coral reef bleaching
Environment - international agreements	party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Ethnic groups	South Indians, Sinhalese, Arabs
Exchange rates	rufiyaa per US dollar - 11.770 (fixed rate since 1995)
Executive branch	chief of state: President Maumoon Abdul GAYOOM (since 11 November 1978); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government head of government: President Maumoon Abdul GAYOOM (since 11 November 1978); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government cabinet: Cabinet of Ministers appointed by the president; note - need not be members of Majlis elections: president nominated by the Majlis and then that nomination must be ratified by a national referendum (at least a 51% approval margin is required); president elected for a five-year term; election last held 16 October 1998 (next to be held NA October 2003) election results: President Maumoon Abdul GAYOOM reelected; percent of popular vote - Maumoon Abdul GAYOOM 90.9%
Exports	0 kWh (2000)
Exports	$88 million f.o.b. (2000 est.)
Exports - commodities	fish, clothing
Exports - partners	US, UK, Sri Lanka, Japan
Fiscal year	calendar year
Flag description	red with a large green rectangle in the center bearing a vertical white crescent; the closed side of the crescent is on the hoist side of the flag
GDP	purchasing power parity - $1.2 billion (2001 est.)
GDP - composition by sector	agriculture: 20% industry: 18% services: 62% (2000 est.)
GDP - per capita	purchasing power parity - $3,870 (2001 est.)
GDP - real growth rate	7% (2001 est.)
Geographic coordinates	3 15 N, 73 00 E
Geography - note	1,190 coral islands grouped into 26 atolls (200 inhabited islands, plus 80 islands with tourist resorts); archipelago with strategic location astride and along major sea lanes in Indian Ocean
Highways	total: NA km paved: NA km unpaved: NA km; note - Male has 9.6 km of coral highways within the city (1988 est.)
Household income or consumption by percentage share	lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%
Imports	0 kWh (2000)
Imports	$372 million f.o.b. (2000 est.)
Imports - commodities	consumer goods, intermediate and capital goods, petroleum products
Imports - partners	Singapore, India, Sri Lanka, Japan, Canada
Independence	26 July 1965 (from UK)
Industrial production growth rate	4.4% (1996 est.)
Industries	fish processing, tourism, shipping, boat building, coconut processing, garments, woven mats, rope, handicrafts, coral and sand mining
Infant mortality rate	61.93 deaths/1,000 live births (2002 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices)	3% (2000 est.)
International organization participation	AsDB, C, CCC, CP, ESCAP, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, ITU, NAM, OIC, OPCW, SAARC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WHO, WMO, WToO, WTrO
Internet Service Providers (ISPs)	1 (2000)
Irrigated land	NA sq km
Judicial branch	High Court
Labor force	67,000 (1995) (1995)
Labor force - by occupation	agriculture 22%, industry 18%, services 60% (1995) (1995)
Land boundaries	0 km
Land use	arable land: 3.33% permanent crops: 6.67% other: 90% (1998 est.)
Languages	Maldivian Dhivehi (dialect of Sinhala, script derived from Arabic), English spoken by most government officials
Legal system	based on Islamic law with admixtures of English common law primarily in commercial matters; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Legislative branch	unicameral People's Council or Majlis (50 seats; 42 elected by popular vote, 8 appointed by the president; members serve five-year terms) elections: last held 20 November 1999 (next to be held NA November 2004) election results: percent of vote - NA%; seats - independents 42
Life expectancy at birth	total population: 62.93 years male: 61.72 years female: 64.2 years (2002 est.)
Literacy	definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 93.2% male: 93.3% female: 93% (1995 est.)
Location	Southern Asia, group of atolls in the Indian Ocean, south-southwest of India
Map references	Asia
Maritime claims	measured from claimed archipelagic baselines contiguous zone: 24 NM exclusive economic zone: 200 NM territorial sea: 12 NM
Merchant marine	total: 14 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 51,532 GRT/71,298 DWT ships by type: cargo 13, short-sea passenger 1 (2002 est.)
Military branches	National Security Service
Military expenditures - dollar figure	$34.5 million (FY01)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP	8.6% (FY01)
Military manpower - availability	males age 15-49: 74,893 (2002 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service	males age 15-49: 41,672 (2002 est.)
National holiday	Independence Day, 26 July (1965)
Nationality	noun: Maldivian(s) adjective: Maldivian
Natural hazards	low level of islands makes them very sensitive to sea level rise
Natural resources	fish
Net migration rate	0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Political parties and leaders	although political parties are not banned, none exist
Political pressure groups and leaders	none
Population	320,165 (July 2002 est.)
Population below poverty line	NA%
Population growth rate	2.95% (2002 est.)
Ports and harbors	Gan, Male
Radio broadcast stations	AM 1, FM 1, shortwave 1 (1998)
Radios	35,000 (1999)
Railways	0 km
Religions	Sunni Muslim
Sex ratio	at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.06 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 1.05 male(s)/female total population: 1.05 male(s)/female (2002 est.)
Suffrage	21 years of age; universal
Telephone system	general assessment: minimal domestic and international facilities domestic: interatoll communication through microwave links; all inhabited islands are connected with telephone and fax service international: satellite earth station - 3 Intelsat (Indian Ocean)
Telephones - main lines in use	21,000 (1999)
Telephones - mobile cellular	1,290 (1997)
Television broadcast stations	1 (1997)
Terrain	flat, with white sandy beaches
Total fertility rate	5.38 children born/woman (2002 est.)
Unemployment rate	NEGL%
Waterways	none

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