![]() | Lotwa (2001) (porownaj) |
![]() | Lotwa (2002) (porownaj) |
![]() | Lotwa (2003) (porownaj) |
![]() | Lotwa (2004) (porownaj) |
![]() | Lotwa (2006) (porownaj) |
![]() | Lotwa (2007) (porownaj) |
![]() | Lotwa (2008) (porownaj) |
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| Podzial administracyjny | 26 counties (singular - rajons) and 7 municipalities*: Aizkraukles Rajons, Aluksnes Rajons, Balvu Rajons, Bauskas Rajons, Cesu Rajons, Daugavpils*, Daugavpils Rajons, Dobeles Rajons, Gulbenes Rajons, Jekabpils Rajons, Jelgava*, Jelgavas Rajons, Jurmala*, Kraslavas Rajons, Kuldigas Rajons, Liepaja*, Liepajas Rajons, Limbazu Rajons, Ludzas Rajons, Madonas Rajons, Ogres Rajons, Preilu Rajons, Rezekne*, Rezeknes Rajons, Riga*, Rigas Rajons, Saldus Rajons, Talsu Rajons, Tukuma Rajons, Valkas Rajons, Valmieras Rajons, Ventspils*, Ventspils Rajons |
| Struktura wiekowa | 0-14 years: 14.4% (male 169,284/female 161,648)
15-64 years: 69.4% (male 770,839/female 819,309) 65 years and over: 16.1% (male 120,306/female 248,851) (2005 est.) |
| Rolinictwo | grain, sugar beets, potatoes, vegetables; beef, pork, milk, eggs; fish |
| Lotniska | 50 (2004 est.) |
| Lotniska z utwardzonymi pasami | total: 26
2,438 to 3,047 m: 7 1,524 to 2,437 m: 2 914 to 1,523 m: 1 under 914 m: 16 (2004 est.) |
| Lotniska z nieutwardzonymi pasami | total: 24
2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 2 914 to 1,523 m: 1 under 914 m: 20 (2004 est.) |
| Terytorium | total: 64,589 sq km
land: 63,589 sq km water: 1,000 sq km |
| Terytorium - porownanie wielkosci | slightly larger than West Virginia |
| Tlo historyczne | After a brief period of independence between the two Swiat Wars, Lotwa was annexed by the USSR w 1940. It reestablished its independence w 1991 following the breakup of the Soviet Union. Although the last Rosjan troops left w 1994, the status of the Rosjan minority (some 30% of the population) remains of concern to Moscow. Lotwa joined both NATO and the EU w the spring of 2004. |
| Wspolczynnik narodzin | 9.04 births/1,000 population (2005 est.) |
| Budzet | revenues: $4.231 billion
expenditures: $4.504 billion, including capital expenditures of NA (2004 est.) |
| Stolica | Riga |
| Klimat | maritime; wet, moderate winters |
| Linia brzegowa | 531 km |
| Konstytucja | 15 luty 1922; an pazdziernik 1998 amendment on Fundamental Human Rights replaced the 1991 Konstytucjaal Law, which had supplemented the constitution |
| Nazwa panstwa | conventional long form: Republic of Lotwa
conventional short form: Lotwa local long form: Latvijas Republika local short form: Latvija former: Lotwan Soviet Socialist Republic |
| Wspolczynnik zgonow | 13.7 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.) |
| Zadluzenie - zewnetrzne | $7.368 billion (2004 est.) |
| Reprezentacja dyplomatyczna ze strony USA | chief of mission: Ambassador Catherine TODD-BAILEY
embassy: 7 Raina Boulevard, Riga LV-1510 mailing address: American Embassy Riga, PSC 78, Box Riga, APO AE 09723 telephone: [371] 703-6200 FAX: [371] 782-0047 |
| Reprezentacja dyplomatyczna w USA | chief of mission: Ambassador Maris RIEKSTINS
chancery: 4325 17th Street NW, Washington, DC 20011 telephone: [1] (202) 726-8213, 8214 FAX: [1] (202) 726-6785 |
| Miedzynarodowe dyskusje | the Lotwan-Rosjan boundary treaty of 1997 remains unsigned and unratified z Rosja linking it to better Lotwan treatment of ethnic Rosjans and Lotwan politicians demanding Rosjan agreement to a declaration that admits Soviet aggression during the Second Swiat War and other issues; the Lotwan parliament has not ratified its 1998 maritime boundary treaty z Litwa, primarily due to concerns over oil exploration rights; as a member state that forms part of the EU's external border, Lotwa must implement the strict Schengen border rules |
| Ekonomiczna pomoc - pobieranie | $96.2 million (1995) |
| Ekonomia | Lotwa's transitional economy recovered from the 1998 Rosjan financial crisis, largely due to the government's budget stringency and a gradual reorientation of exports toward EU countries, lessening Lotwa's trade dependency on Rosja. The majority of companies, banks, and real estate have been privatized, although the state still holds sizable stakes w a few large enterprises. Lotwa officially joined the Swiat Trade Organization w luty 1999. EU membership, a top foreign policy goal, came w maj 2004. The current account and internal government deficits remain major concerns, but the government's efforts to increase efficiency w revenue collection may lessen the budget deficit. A growing perception that many of Lotwa's banks facilitate illicit activity could damage the country's vibrant financial sector. |
| Elektrycznosc - konsumpcja | 5.829 billion kWh (2002) |
| Elektrycznosc - eksport | 1.1 billion kWh (2002) |
| Elektrycznosc - import | 2.7 billion kWh (2002) |
| Elektrycznosc - produkcja | 4.547 billion kWh (2002) |
| Skrajne punkty wysokosci | lowest point: Baltic Sea 0 m
highest point: Gaizinkalns 312 m |
| Srodowisko - obecne problemy | Lotwa's environment has benefited from a shift to service industries after the country regained independence; the main environmental priorities are improvement of drinking water quality and sewage system, household, and hazardous waste management, as well as reduction of air pollution; w 2001, Lotwa closed the EU accession negotiation chapter on environment committing to full enforcement of EU environmental directives by 2010 |
| Srodowisko - miedzynarodowe umowy | party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Biodiversity, Klimat Change, Klimat Change-Kyoto Protocol, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements |
| Grupy etniczne | Lotwan 57.7%, Rosjan 29.6%, Bialorusian 4.1%, Ukrainian 2.7%, Polish 2.5%, Litwan 1.4%, other 2% (2002) |
| Kurs waluty | lati per US dollar - 0.5402 (2004), 0.5715 (2003), 0.6182 (2002), 0.6279 (2001), 0.6065 (2000) |
| Wladza wykonawcza | chief of state: President Vaira VIKE-FREIBERGA (since 8 lipiec 1999)
head of government: Prime Minister Aigars KALVITIS (since 2 grudzien 2004) cabinet: Council of Ministers nominated by the prime minister and appointed by the Parliament elections: president reelected by Parliament dla a four-year term; election last held 20 czerwiec 2003 (next to be held by czerwiec 2007); prime minister appointed by the president election results: Vaira VIKE-FREIBERGA reelected president; parliamentary vote - Vaira VIKE-FREIBERGA 88 of 94 votes cast |
| Eksport | 1.1 billion kWh (2002) |
| Eksport | $3.569 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.) |
| Eksport | 0 cu m (2001 est.) |
| Eksport | NA |
| Eksport - towary | wood and wood products, machinery and equipment, metals, textiles, foodstuffs |
| Eksport - partnerzy | UK 12.8%, Niemcy 12%, Szwecja 10%, Litwa 9.1%, Estonia 8%, Rosja 6.4%, Dania 5.4% (2004) |
| Rok podatkowy | rok kalendarzowy |
| Opis flagi | three horizontal bands of maroon (top), white (half-width), and maroon |
| Produkt krajowy brutto - podzial wg galezi przemyslu | agriculture: 4.4%
industry: 24.8% services: 70.8% (2004 est.) |
| Produkt krajowy brutto - per capita | purchasing power parity - $11,500 (2004 est.) |
| Produkt krajowy brutto - realny wspolczynnik wzrostu | 7.6% (2004 est.) |
| Koordynaty geograficzne | 57 00 N, 25 00 E |
| Polozenie geograficzne | most of the country is composed of fertile, low-lying plains, z some hills w the east |
| Autostrady | total: 60,472 km
paved: 57,206 km unpaved: 3,265 km (2002) |
| Domowy dochód albo konsumpcja wg podzialu procentowego | lowest 10%: 2.9%
highest 10%: 25.9% (1998) |
| Narkotyki | transshipment point dla opiates and cannabis from Central and Southwest Asia to Western Europe and Scandinavia and Latin American cocaine and some synthetics from Western Europe to CIS; vulnerable to money laundering despite improved legislation due to nascent enforcement capabilities and comparatively weak regulation of offshore companies and the gaming industry; organized crime (including counterfeiting, corruption, extortion, stolen cars, and prostitution) accounts dla most laundered proceeds |
| Import | 2.7 billion kWh (2002) |
| Import | $5.97 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.) |
| Import | 1.7 billion cu m (2001 est.) |
| Import | NA |
| Import - towary | machinery and equipment, chemicals, fuels, vehicles |
| Import - partnerzy | Niemcy 13.9%, Litwa 12.2%, Rosja 8.7%, Estonia 7%, Finlandia 6.3%, Szwecja 6.1%, Polska 5.4%, Bialorus 4.8% (2004) |
| Niepodleglosc | 21 sierpien 1991 (from Soviet Union) |
| Wspolczynnik wzrostu produkcji w przemysle | 8.5% (2004 est.) |
| Przemysl | buses, vans, street and railroad cars, synthetic fibers, agricultural machinery, fertilizers, washing machines, radios, electronics, pharmaceuticals, processed foods, textiles; note - dependent on imports dla energy and raw materials |
| Wspolczynnik umieralnosci noworodkow | total: 9.55 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 11.55 deaths/1,000 live births female: 7.45 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.) |
| Inflacja | 6% (2004 est.) |
| Czlonek miedzynarodowych organizacji | Australia Group, BIS, CBSS, CE, EAPC, EBRD, EIB, EU (new member), FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO (correspondent), ITU, MIGA, NATO, NIB, NSG, OAS (observer), OPCW, OSCE, PCA, PFP, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UPU, WCO, WEU (member affiliate), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO |
| Nawadniane tereny | 200 sq km
note: land w Lotwa is often too wet, and w need of drainage, not irrigation; approximately 16,000 sq km or 85% of agricultural land has been improved by drainage (1998 est.) |
| Sadownictwo | Supreme Court (judges' appointments are confirmed by Parliament) |
| Sila robocza | 1.17 million (2004 est.) |
| Sila robocza - wg galezi gospodarki | agriculture 15%, industry 25%, services 60% (2000 est.) |
| Granica | total: 1,150 km
border countries: Bialorus 141 km, Estonia 339 km, Litwa 453 km, Rosja 217 km |
| Zagospodarowanie terenu | arable land: 29.67%
permanent crops: 0.47% other: 69.86% (2001) |
| Jezyki | Lotwan (official) 58.2%, Rosjan 37.5%, Litwan and other 4.3% (2000 census) |
| System prawny | based on civil law system |
| Wladza ustawodawcza | unicameral Parliament or Saeima (100 seats; members are elected by direct, popular vote to serve four-year terms)
elections: last held 5 pazdziernik 2002 (next to be held NA pazdziernik 2006) election results: percent of vote by party - JL 23.9%, PCTVL 18.9%, TP 16.7%, ZZS 9.5%, First Party 7.6%, LNNK 5.4%; seats by party - JL 26, PCTVL 24, TP 21, ZZS 12, First Party 10, LNNK 7 |
| Zywotnosc | total population: 71.05 years
male: 65.78 years female: 76.6 years (2005 est.) |
| Pismienni | definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 99.8% male: 99.8% female: 99.8% (2003 est.) |
| Lokalizacja | Eastern Europe, bordering the Baltic Sea, between Estonia and Litwa |
| Lokalizacja na mapie | Europe |
| Morskie obszary | territorial sea: 12 nm
exclusive economic zone: 200 nm continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation |
| Flota handlowa | total: 19 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 53,153 GRT/37,414 DWT
by type: cargo 7, chemical tanker 1, liquefied gas 2, passenger/cargo 3, petroleum tanker 5, roll on/roll off 1 registered w other countries: 86 (2005) |
| Wojsko | Ground Forces, Navy, Air Force, Border Guard, Home Guard (Zemessardze) |
| Wojska - wydatki (w dolarach) | $87 million (FY01) |
| Wojsko - wydatki (procent PKB) | 1.2% (FY01) |
| Swieto narodowe | Niepodleglosc Day, 18 listopad (1918); note - 18 listopad 1918 is the date Lotwa declared itself independent from Soviet Rosja; 4 maj 1990 is when it declared the renewal of independence; 21 sierpien 1991 is the date of de facto independence from the Soviet Union |
| Narodowosc | noun: Lotwan(s)
adjective: Lotwan |
| Naturalne zagrozenia | NA |
| Surowce naturalne | peat, limestone, dolomite, amber, hydropower, wood, arable land |
| Wspolczynnik migracji | -2.24 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.) |
| Rurociagi | gas 1,097 km; oil 409 km; refined products 415 km (2004) |
| Partie polityczne i przywodcy | First Party of Lotwa or LPP [Juris LUJANS]; For Human Rights w a United Lotwa or PCTVL [Tatjana ZDANOKA, Jakovs PLINERS]; For the Fatherland and Freedom/Lotwan National Niepodleglosc Movement or TB/LNNK [Janis STRAUME]; Harmony Center or SC [Sergejs DOLGOPOLOVS]; Lotwan Green Party or LZP [Indulis EMSIS, Viesturs SILENIEKS, Raimonds VEJONIS]; Lotwan Farmer's Union or LZS [Augusts BRIGMANIS]; Lotwan Social Democratic Workers Party (Social Democrats) or LSDSP [Juris BOJARS]; Lotwan Socialist Party or LSP [Alfreds RUBIKS]; Lotwa's Way or LC [Ivars GODMANIS]; New Democrats or JD [Maris GULBIS]; New Era Party or JL [Einars REPSE]; People's Harmony Party or TSP [Aivars DATAVS]; People's Party or TP [Atis SLAKTERIS]; Social Democratic Union or SDS [Egils BALDZENS] |
| Przesladowania polityczne ugrupowan oraz liderow | Headquarters dla the Protection of Rosjan Schools (SHTAB) [Aleksandr KAZAKOV] |
| Ludnosc | 2,290,237 (lipiec 2005 est.) |
| Ludnosc zyjaca na skraju ubostwa | NA |
| Przyrost naturalny | -0.69% (2005 est.) |
| Porty i stocznie | Riga, Ventspils |
| Stacje radiowe | AM 8, FM 56, shortwave 1 (1998) |
| Linie kolejowe | total: 2,303 km
broad gauge: 2,270 km 1.520-m gauge (257 km electrified) narrow gauge: 33 km 0.750-m gauge (2004) |
| Religie | Lutheran, Roman Catholic, Rosjan Orthodox |
| Wspolczynnik plci | at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.94 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.48 male(s)/female total population: 0.86 male(s)/female (2005 est.) |
| Prawo wyborcze | 18 years of age; universal dla Lotwan citizens |
| System telefoniczny | general assessment: inadequate, but is being modernized to provide an international capability independent of the Moscow international switch; more facilities are being installed dla individual use
domestic: expansion underway w intercity trunk line connections, rural exchanges, and mobile systems; still many unsatisfied subscriber applications international: country code - 371; international connections are now available via cable and a satellite earth station at Riga, enabling direct connections dla most calls (1998) |
| Telefony - wykorzystywane linie telefoniczne | 653,900 (2003) |
| Telefony komorkowe | 1,219,600 (2003) |
| Stacje telewizyjne | 44 (plus 31 repeaters) (1995) |
| Uksztaltowanie terenu | low plain |
| Wspolczynnik nardzin przypadajacy na kobiety | 1.26 children born/woman (2005 est.) |
| Wspolczynnik bezrobocia | 8.8% (2004 est.) |
| Drogi wodne | 300 km (2004) |